Ecosystem Services最新文献

{"title":"The role of urban landscape configuration in the provision of hydrological ecosystem services by trees","authors":"Vahid Amini Parsa ,&nbsp;Mustafa Nur Istanbuly ,&nbsp;Babak Chalabiyani ,&nbsp;Alessio Russo ,&nbsp;Bahman Jabbarian Amiri","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vital role of urban trees in mitigating surface runoff issues through the Runoff Reduction Ecosystem Service (RRES) is increasingly threatened by extensive modifications to the urban landscape. To ensure the sustainability of RRES, it is crucial to understand how landscape configuration affects it. This study aims to empirically analyze this relationship and determine which aspects of the urban landscape configuration impact RRES the most. The study applied the i-Tree Eco to quantify RRES. Landscape configuration was calculated using eleven metrics by FRAGSTATS. The impact of various aspects of landscape configuration on RRES was assessed by developing models based on stepwise regression analysis, which were then categorized based on their strength of influence. The results showed that urban trees in Tabriz, a study area in Iran, annually reduced runoff by 196.85 × 103 m³. The regression models underscored the significance of the normalized landscape shape index, the aggregation index, the effective mesh size, and the clumpiness index as the main drivers of RRES (0.962 ≤ <em>r²</em> ≤ 0.978). Landscape division, patch density, patch cohesion, interspersion, and juxtaposition indexes had moderate impacts (0.733 ≤ <em>r²</em> ≤ 0.879). In contrast, factors such as the percentage of similar adjacencies, the splitting index, and the number of patches had relatively lower impacts (0.569 ≤ <em>r²</em> ≤ 0.667). These findings have practical implications for urban planners, emphasizing the importance of arranging patches in aggregated and contiguous patterns to improve RRES provision. Ultimately, this study provides valuable information for effective urban landscape management, ensuring a sustained supply of RRES.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigenous and local values of nature through a gender lens: A literature review","authors":"Johanna Zoe Hartmann ,&nbsp;Jasmine Pearson","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Values of nature have different forms and are expressed through a variety of ways, depending on the culture and people in focus. Such values influence decisions and policies made about nature, especially regarding conservation and management. Current decision-making predominately focuses on instrumental and economic values of nature, often neglecting diverse and plural values, including intrinsic and relational ones. Additionally, the voice of marginalized communities such as Indigenous People and Local Communities (IPLC), and more so, Indigenous women, is often not recognized, leading to inequitable outcomes. Even though gender has been shown to influence value perceptions, no comprehensive review exists of how it affects values of nature within IPLC. This review aims to close this gap. Through a systematic literature review and thematic analysis, this paper highlights the values of nature and Nature’s Contributions to People held by IPLC and insights of applying a gender lens to existing research in this field. The results indicate a focus on study areas in Asia, South America and Africa, as well as toward forests as ecosystems. The predominant valuation methods include preference assessments and semi-structured interviews. This review shows that IPLC hold diverse values, including instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values. Gendered insights were found to be connected to gendered responsibilities within communities. For example, domestic food products, homegardens, and wild edible plants are often of higher importance to female IPLC, due to their prominent role in household and family care. Research gaps on gendered values have also been shown, especially for religious, spiritual, and cultural heritage values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101654"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem Services Justice: The Emergence of a Critical Research Field","authors":"Johannes Langemeyer ,&nbsp;Felipe Benra ,&nbsp;Laura Nahuelhual ,&nbsp;Brenda Maria Zoderer","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ecosystem services justice is an emergent research field. Over the past decade, research on ecosystem services has increasingly developed a justice perspective and incorporated it into its conceptual and empirical frameworks. This perspective aims at providing a review of the emergent strands of research addressing ecosystem services justice, and at creating an outlook on future research needs and frontiers. The review departs from central critiques to the ecosystem service approach, which have been foundational for the research field of ecosystem services justice. To be precise, we address three different research strands on which justice issues arise. First, ecosystem services production, considering the (increasing) commodification of ecosystem services, the concentration of ecosystem services production assets and the role of trade-offs in production capacities. Second, the distribution of ecosystem services benefits under the aspects of unequal vulnerabilities, the consideration of accessibility and individual’s capabilities to obtain ecosystem services. Third, the recognition of ecosystem services pluralisms, including socially differentiated forms of wellbeing, plural values and knowledge concerning ecosystem services. While ES justice has strongly advanced from a scientific perspective, we are still lacking a stronger reflection of these advances in practice. Future research, we argue, needs to develop holistic procedural frameworks for integrating the complexity of ecosystem services justice, addressing the ecosystem services production under consideration of historic inequalities, the distribution of ecosystem services benefits with respect to people’s diverse needs, vulnerabilities, and capabilities, as well as diverse wellbeing-, value-, and knowledge-systems. The social-ecological understanding of ecosystem services co-production, which recognizes the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between humans and ecosystems, is identified as a crucial framing for this endeavor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101655"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041624000627/pdfft?md5=c6b322cc11077870546826a4438bc0d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2212041624000627-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of landscape changes for ecosystem services and biodiversity: A national assessment in Ecuador","authors":"Hongmi Koo ,&nbsp;Janina Kleemann ,&nbsp;Pablo Cuenca ,&nbsp;Jin Kyoung Noh ,&nbsp;Christine Fürst","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ecuadorian ecosystems experience high pressure due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. Despite the need of regular monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES), attempts to assess the current and future interdependencies of BES and landscape changes are still lacking. This study suggests a spatial assessment of the capacity of ecosystems/land use types to provide BES as status quo and its future development under scenarios of deforestation and climate change. To address data scarcity and improve legitimacy, spatial modeling was combined with participatory approaches. Specifically, changes in landscape pattern were simulated using a modeling platform that combines Geographic Information System (GIS) and Cellular Automaton (CA) modules. Experts in ecosystem conservation and management participated through surveys and workshops. Food, drinking water, service water, soil erosion control, water flow regulation, pollination/seed dispersal, regulation of macro climate, and landscape aesthetic/amenity were identified as the most relevant ES. Among the forest ecosystems, Páramo-related ecosystems were regarded to provide multiple ES with high capacities. Compared to the current status, the deforestation scenario showed to decrease most BES by 20–25 %, while increasing food provision by 5 %, as a trade-off. Regarding the climate change scenarios, the “Representative Concentration Pathways” (RCP) by 2070 were simulated with an increase in temperature of 2 °C (RCP 2.6) and of 4 °C (RCP 6.0). RCP 6.0 showed more noticeable impact than RCP 2.6, which caused a decrease in most BES whereas an increase in food provision due to the possible expansion of arable land into higher altitudes. The results of the spatial assessment also indicated high and low potential areas for BES provision. Such information can support decision-making for BES management e.g., priority areas for actions. Furthermore, the applied spatially explicit assessment could be a starting point for a regular assessment of BES, which has not yet been implemented in Ecuador.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041624000597/pdfft?md5=b5aeb5ff893fcb72e93f555dd3351acf&pid=1-s2.0-S2212041624000597-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring virtual flows of ecosystem services embedded in traded goods across an urban agglomeration in China","authors":"Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingxu Huang ,&nbsp;Jiangxiao Qiu ,&nbsp;Chuan Liao ,&nbsp;Ziwen Liu ,&nbsp;Chunyang He ,&nbsp;Yansong Bai ,&nbsp;Peiyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhou ,&nbsp;Yimeng Liu ,&nbsp;Brett A. Bryan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human society in the Anthropocene is globally connected and relies on flows of goods and services for its prosperity and wellbeing. However, quantitative understanding of the flows of ecosystem services (ES) embedded in trade (virtual ES flow) across multiple human-natural systems remains limited. Here, we develop a framework to quantify virtual ES flows by integrating multi-region input–output modeling and ES mapping, and apply it to examine water provisioning and climate regulation services, using China and its major urban agglomeration as a case study. Our results showed that virtual flows of ES were substantially greater than the direct utilization of water and carbon resources, confirming the dependency on virtual flows of ES in highly urbanized regions. Interestingly, the virtual flows were mainly connected to distant rather than adjacent regions, highlighting the importance of considering cross-scale dynamics and managing long-distance flows in policy-making. Our framework holds the potential for broader applications, including the exploration of various types of ES and sustainability-related issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101651"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated analysis framework of supply, demand, flow, and use to better understand realized ecosystem services","authors":"Shuyao Wu ,&nbsp;Kai-Di Liu ,&nbsp;Wentao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuehan Dou ,&nbsp;Yuqing Chen ,&nbsp;Taiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Delong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Realized ecosystem services (ES) are the actual use of ES by societies, which is more directly linked to human well-being than potential ES. However, a general analysis framework is lacking to understand how much ES was realized. In this study, we first proposed a Supply-Demand-Flow-Use (SDFU) framework that integrates the supply, demand, flow, and use of ES and differentiates these concepts into different aspects (e.g., potential vs. actual ES demand, export and import flows of supply, etc.). Then, we applied the framework to two examples of ES that can be found in typical urban green parks (i.e., pollination and recreation). We showed how the framework could assess the actual use of ES and identify the supply-limited, demand-limited, and supply–demand-balanced types of realized ES. We also explained the scaling features, discussed the temporal dynamics and spatial characteristics of realized ES, and asked several critical questions for future studies. Although facing challenges, we believe that the applications of the SDFU framework can provide a systematic way to accurately assess the actual use of ES and better inform policy-making for the sustainable use of nature’s benefits. Therefore, we hope our study will stimulate more research on realized ES and contribute to a deeper understanding of their roles in enhancing human well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101649"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of climate-related environmental changes on non-material benefits from human-nature interactions: A literature review","authors":"Uta Schirpke ,&nbsp;Manuel Ebner ,&nbsp;Ulrike Tappeiner","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite growing evidence that climate-related environmental changes impact cultural ecosystem services (CES), a profound and nuanced understanding of such changes remains limited. This study aims to identify and characterize how climate-related changes affect human-nature interactions and related non-material benefits. Through a systematic literature review, we synthesize an interdisciplinary body of research by (1) characterizing the types of human-nature interactions affected, (2) recording the assessment approaches used, (3) relating environmental changes to changes in human-nature interactions and (4) categorizing climate-related impacts on non-material benefits. The 192 articles addressed mostly recreation (65%), cultural identity (30%), and aesthetic value (18%), assessing environmental changes influencing the opportunities for human-nature interactions (38%), socio-cultural aspects such as demand, benefits, values, practices, and goods (31%), and both environmental and socio-cultural aspects (31%). Most studies mentioned multiple environmental changes (57%), such as changes in species, populations and communities, weather patterns and climatic conditions, and changes in habitat and environmental quality. These changes had predominantly negative effects on non-material benefits (74% of 302 interactions across the studies), as well as neutral/undefined impacts (5.6%), positive (4.6%), or not significant impacts (4.3%). Mixed impacts were reported in 12% of the interactions, mostly mentioning negative impacts (97%). The impacts include changes in natural capacities, access and security, cultural practices and interactions, as well as spatial and temporal patterns, often resulting in a decline or even complete loss of benefits. To overcome conceptual and methodological limitations as well as to improve the consideration of climate-related impacts on non-material benefits in decision-making, greater efforts are required in adopting interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to co-produce knowledge that reflects specific perceptions and understandings of change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041624000573/pdfft?md5=6de05653abeb7d2fddaf60181673e0a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2212041624000573-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing ecosystem services auctions: Insights from an international Delphi panel","authors":"Logan Bingham ,&nbsp;Peter Boxall ,&nbsp;Riccardo Da Re ,&nbsp;Stuart Whitten ,&nbsp;Thomas Knoke ,&nbsp;José G. Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Auction theory has made major contributions to overcoming allocation problems involving asymmetric information and common-pool resources, leading to multiple Nobel Prizes and serving as a foundation for multi-billion-dollar markets. Despite evidence that related mechanisms could enhance the performance of payments for ecosystem services (PES), adoption has been sporadic and inconsistent. One possibility is that the relevant peer reviewed literature has low visibility or consensus design elements are not sufficiently accessible to interested experts. To overcome this barrier, we adopt a straightforward approach: we asked the PES auction subfield to describe itself. In collaboration with an expert panel (<em>n</em> = 32) whose affiliations span more than two dozen universities and research bodies across three continents—including top-ranked economists, ecosystem services theorists, and practitioners with experience designing and implementing PES programs with and without auctions—we synthesize a birds-eye view of ecosystem services auctions for an interdisciplinary audience. Through an iterative, mixed-method Delphi consultation, we identify broad consensus about fundamental elements of theory and practice, including what functions auctions tend to perform well, common challenges, and key factors influencing their performance. By selecting topics that panelists appeared to disagree about for further discussion, we also highlight open questions and potential research frontiers. We conclude with a reflection on using the Delphi method to foster exchange between time-constrained experts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212041624000548/pdfft?md5=7b580615f16f2f949ba580c1d3c9b6f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2212041624000548-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing individual and collective valuation of ecosystem service tradeoffs: A case study from montane forests in southern California, USA","authors":"Haotian Cheng ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Escobedo ,&nbsp;Alyssa S. Thomas ,&nbsp;Jesus Felix De Los Reyes ,&nbsp;José R. Soto","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accounting for the tradeoffs and importance urban, disadvantaged communities place on ecosystem services has implications for the management of nearby forests. Although stated preference valuation approaches are often used, they are based on an individual’s perspective and rarely account for collective or societal values. Thus, alternative methods are needed to capture this dichotomy from urban communities who may not even be aware of these benefits to themselves or society at-large. We explored individual and collective importance of, and tradeoffs for, ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (ED) by urban residents living near montane forests in greater Los Angeles, California, USA. Using an online panel survey, individual (<em>I-</em>rationality) versus collective (<em>We-</em>rationality) scenarios, best-worst scaling (BWS) choice experiments, and latent class analyses, we ranked the importance and tradeoffs among ES-ED attributes to<!--> <!-->nearby residents based on the frequency of visits to montane forests as well as Hispanic ethnicity. Results show statistically significant tradeoffs and differences in importance rankings between individual versus collective valuation scenarios. Under the individual valuation scenario, non-Hispanics highly ranked the high forest density indicator, which has implications for wildfire EDs to montane forests and communities. Gender and income were more influential sociodemographic factors affecting importance for water and recreation-related ES than was education. Our BWS and econometric methods, attributes, and importance rankings can facilitate participatory processes with diverse urban communities and designing more effective policies and management guidelines. This approach can<!--> <!-->also more inclusively, and equitably, account for the tradeoffs and values that nearby urban communities place on ES/ED from Wildland-Urban Interface forests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101648"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities to integrate Ecosystem Services into Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): a case study of milk production in Brazil","authors":"Daiane Vitória da Silva ,&nbsp;Ana Laura Raymundo Pavan ,&nbsp;Luiz Carlos de Faria ,&nbsp;Cassiano Moro Piekarski ,&nbsp;Yovana María Barrera Saavedra ,&nbsp;Diogo A. Lopes Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2024.101646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>World dairy production is growing rapidly having increased by 339 million tons over the last twenty years. However, it remains unclear how anthropic activities in the milk sector can impact the Ecosystem Services (ES) supply to society. The aim of this study was to propose and determine the Net Environmental Performance (NEP) of different milk production systems. For this purpose, a case study on a confined compost barn farm, located in southeastern Brazil was selected as reference scenario and compared with three other systems. The mapping of ES benefits was carried out using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, while environmental impacts were calculated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The LCA results and ecosystem benefits were combined and converted into monetary units to calculate the NEP per 1 kg of milk. The results indicated that semi-confined systems had the worst environmental performance (90 % more impacts) compared to the compost barn milk system. On the other hand, confined systems generate few ES benefits, but their environmental impacts were lower for most LCA impact categories (up to 87 % minimized impacts) compared to semi-confined systems. Finally, we concluded the confined systems in SP and PR showed the best NEP (1.07 and 1.48) aiming for both environmental impacts and ES benefits to fit the win–win situation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51312,"journal":{"name":"Ecosystem Services","volume":"69 ","pages":"Article 101646"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141777043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}