Physics Essays最新文献_第3页

A hypothetical mechanism for the red shift of light in respect to the expansion of the universe 关于宇宙膨胀的光的红移的一种假设的机制

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.261

Michael James Curran

引用次数: 0

Lorentz transformation for motion in the opposite direction 相反方向运动的洛伦兹变换

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.259

Jack G. Liu

引用次数: 0

A ubiquitous, nearby reservoir of electromagnetic energy hidden in the fourth spatial dimension as a consequence of Kelvin’s rule (for constant electric currents) and of the Poynting vector 根据开尔文定律(恒电流)和波印廷矢量，一个无处不在的、隐藏在第四维空间中的电磁能量库

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.287

Andreas Trupp

{"title":"A ubiquitous, nearby reservoir of electromagnetic energy hidden in the fourth spatial dimension as a consequence of Kelvin’s rule (for constant electric currents) and of the Poynting vector","authors":"Andreas Trupp","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.287","url":null,"abstract":"When applying what is called Kelvin’s principle to the elementary currents of two permanent magnets that attract each other, an apparent energy paradox appears. For Kelvin’s principle says that when constant electric currents are displaced with respect to one another, the mechanical work yielded as a result of the action of magnetic forces is equal in amount to the increase (not decrease) in the energy of the total magnetic field. The energy provided by the power supply in order to keep the currents constant is thus twice as large as the mechanical work yielded during the displacement of the current-carrying wires. But when dealing with permanent magnets and their polarization currents, there is still the yield of mechanical work and also the increase in energy of the total magnetic field, but no such thing as a visible power supply. In this article, things are analyzed by using the Poynting vector as an instrument. As a result, the topological assumption of a hidden reservoir of energy sitting in the direction of a fourth spatial dimension turns out to be indispensable in order to save the principle of local conservation of energy and of action by contact. A recognition of this kind was foreshadowed by Mie 100 years ago, who postulated that, in certain, but nevertheless common situations, energy flowed into ambient space out of the particles themselves both in the gravitational and the electromagnetic case.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135096830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dielectric constant and magnetic permeability in the Newtonian gravitational field derived by the elastic energy 由弹性能导出牛顿引力场中的介电常数和磁导率

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.256

Noboru Kohiyama

引用次数: 0

Teletransportation paradox and quantum consciousness 远程传输悖论和量子意识

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.3.250

Everett X. Wang, Zhong Lin Wang, Shudong Zhou, Zhanyong Hong, C. Wang

引用次数: 0

A theory of dark energy that matches dark matter 与暗物质相匹配的暗能量理论

IF 0.6

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.149

Huailong Wang

{"title":"A theory of dark energy that matches dark matter","authors":"Huailong Wang","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a theory of dark energy is proposed that matches dark matter. The relativistic quantum mechanics equations reveal that free particles can have negative energies. We think that the negative energy is the dark energy, which behaves as dark photons with negative energies.\u0000 In this work, the photon number states are extended to the cases where the photon number can be negative integers, called negative integer photon states, the physical meaning of which are that the photons in such a state are of negative energy, i.e., dark photons. The dark photons constitute\u0000 dark radiation, also called negative radiation. The formalism of the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of the dark radiation is presented. This version of dark energy is of negative temperature and negative pressure, the latter regarded as responsible for the accelerate expansion of\u0000 the universe. It is believed that there is a symmetry of energy-dark energy in the universe. In our previous work, the theory of the motion of the matters with negative kinetic energy was presented. In our opinion, the negative kinetic energy matter is dark matter. In the present work, we\u0000 demonstrate that the dark substances absorb and release dark energy. In this view, the dark matter and dark energy match. Therefore, there is a symmetry of matter-energy match and dark matter-dark energy match in the universe. We present the reasons why the negative kinetic energy systems\u0000 and negative radiation are dark to us.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49074524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Einstein's relativity falsified: I. The factor γ can take values larger than √2, which requires a speed of light < c in moving inertial frames 爱因斯坦相对论被证伪:1 .因子γ可以取大于√2的值，这要求在运动惯性系中光速< c

IF 0.6

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.230

Reiner Georg Ziefle

{"title":"Einstein's relativity falsified: I. The factor γ can take values larger than √2, which requires a speed of light < c in moving inertial frames","authors":"Reiner Georg Ziefle","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.230","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that an Einstein clock can travel at a speed no greater than c, from the principle of relativity, a kinematic time dilation factor can be derived whose value cannot be greater than 2\u0000 . In fact, however, the kinematic time dilation factor γ can approach an infinite value. This discrepancy demonstrates that the derivation of the kinematic time dilation factor γ in Einstein's special relativity (SR) cannot be\u0000 physically justified by the principle of relativity, and that it is not physically possible that the speed of light is constant in any frame of reference. The mathematical method of Einstein's SR, which I refer to as the “mathematical method of relativity,” allows the calculation\u0000 of constant physical values from different quantities of any physical unit and is thus scientifically worthless. Accordingly, it is not surprising that it is possible to predict so-called general relativistic phenomena, e.g., the phenomena observed at the binary pulsar PSR B1913 + 16,\u0000 just by applying Kepler's second law and simple quantum physical considerations [R. G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 33, 99 (2020)]. A careful interpretation of interferometer experiments on Earth clearly shows that there is in fact no need for artificial time acceleration by length contraction.\u0000 However, today's physicists seem to be lost in mathematics. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a physical theory of relativity that does not require mathematical tricks, such as time acceleration (length contraction), space-time curvature, and other mathematical tricks that follow from\u0000 Einstein's mathematical methods and uphold the illusion that the belief in a constant speed of light c in any frame of reference is physically justified.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The behaviors of the wave functions of small molecules with negative kinetic energies 负动能小分子的波函数行为

IF 0.6

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.140

Huailong Wang

{"title":"The behaviors of the wave functions of small molecules with negative kinetic energies","authors":"Huailong Wang","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"According to relativistic quantum mechanics, particles can be of negative kinetic energies (NKE). The author asserts in his previous works that the NKE substances are dark matters. Some NKE particles, say a pair of NKE electrons, can constitute a stable system by means of the repulsive\u0000 interaction between them. In the present work, two simplest three-particle systems are investigated. One consists of two NKE positrons and one NKE proton, called dark hydrogen anion. The other is composed of two NKE protons and one NKE positron, called dark hydrogen molecule cation. They are\u0000 so named because the Hamiltonians of them can correspond to those of the hydrogen anion and hydrogen molecule cation. In evaluating the dark hydrogen molecule cation, the famous Born‐Oppenheimer approximation does not apply, i.e., the NKE of the protons cannot be neglected. Without\u0000 the NKE, the system cannot be stable. Our study reveals that in a NKE system, the particles with the same kind of electric charge combine tightly. This is to enhance the repulsive Coulomb potential so as to raise the total energy as far as possible. A great amount of NKE particles can compose\u0000 a dense and dark macroscopic NKE body. Thus, it is conjectured that some remote dark celestial bodies may be NKE ones other than the well-known black holes. The discrepancies between the black holes and macroscopic NKE bodies are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reflection of light as a mechanical phenomenon applied to the Michelson interferometer with sunlight as a source 光的反射，作为一种机械现象，应用于以太阳光为光源的迈克尔逊干涉仪

IF 0.6

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.223

Filip Dambi Filipescu

{"title":"Reflection of light as a mechanical phenomenon applied to the Michelson interferometer with sunlight as a source","authors":"Filip Dambi Filipescu","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.223","url":null,"abstract":"Emission, propagation, and reflection of light are mechanical phenomena; therefore, these phenomena are observed in an inertial frame as in the frame at absolute rest. At Cleveland Laboratory in 1924, Miller performed experiments with a Michelson interferometer employing local sources\u0000 and sunlight. The fringe shift is zero in experiments such as the Michelson‐Morley, where the source and mirrors are at rest in Earth's inertial frame, which explains Miller's experiments with local sources. When the source or/and mirrors are in motion in an inertial frame, there is\u0000 a fringe shift. The Sun is an inertial frame at relative rest in which its light travels at the speed <mml:math display=\"inline\"> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> in any direction, and Earth travels at the orbital speed <mml:math display=\"inline\"> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi>\u0000 </mml:math> . This is the case of Miller's experiments with sunlight for which this article predicts an unobservable fringe shift in the range of <mml:math display=\"inline\"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow>\u0000 <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Thus, the Cleveland Laboratory experiments involving sunlight and local sources are explained. Miller's observed fringe shift of <mml:math display=\"inline\">\u0000 <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.08</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in 1921 and <mml:math display=\"inline\"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.088</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in 1925 at Mount Wilson remains unclear, leaving this subject open to\u0000 theoretical and experimental challenges.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70104097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aether dynamics: Classical mechanics explained 以太动力学:经典力学解释

IF 0.6

Physics Essays Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.2.129

Peter M. Atkinson, Samuel Nlend

引用次数: 0