Korean Journal of Orthodontics最新文献_第5页

Effectiveness of laser-engineered copper-nickel titanium versus superelastic nickel-titanium aligning archwires: A randomized clinical trial. 激光工程铜镍钛与超弹性镍钛对准弓线的有效性:一项随机临床试验。

IF 2.6 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.081

Omar Khairullah Ahmed, Ammar Salim Kadhum

{"title":"Effectiveness of laser-engineered copper-nickel titanium versus superelastic nickel-titanium aligning archwires: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Omar Khairullah Ahmed, Ammar Salim Kadhum","doi":"10.4041/kjod23.081","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod23.081","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : To compare the effectiveness of laser-engineered copper-nickel titanium (SmartArch) and superelastic nickel-titanium (SENT) archwires in aligning teeth and inducing root resorption and pain experienced by patients.Methods: : Two-arm parallel groups with a 1:1 allocation ratio were used. The participants were patients aged 11.5 years and older with 5-9 mm of mandibular anterior crowding who were indicated for non-extraction treatment. The primary outcome was alignment effectiveness, assessed using Little's irregularity index (LII) over 16 weeks with a single wire (0.016-inch) in the SmartArch group and 2 wires (0.014- and 0.018-inch) in the SENT group (8 weeks each). Secondary outcomes included root resorption evaluated by pre- and post-intervention periapical radiographs and pain levels recorded by the participants during the first week.Results: : A total of 40 participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups; 33 completed the study and were analyzed (16 in the SmartArch group and 17 in the SENT group, aged 16.97 ± 4.05 years). The total LII decrease for the SmartArch and SENT groups was 5.63 mm and 5.29 mm, respectively, which was neither statistically nor clinically significant. Root resorption was not significantly different between the groups. The difference in pain levels was not statistically significant for the first 5 days following wire placement; however, there was a significant difference favoring the SENT group in the final 2 days.Conclusions: : SmartArch and SENT archwires were similarly effective during the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment. Root resorption should be observed throughout the treatment with either wire. SmartArch wires demonstrated higher pain perception than SENT wires.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10811358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on facial skeletal development in growing rats: Considerations for diabetes. 4-己基间苯二酚对生长大鼠面部骨骼发育的影响:对糖尿病的考虑。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.091

Hannah Jeong, Jwa-Young Kim, Xiangguo Che, Je-Yong Choi, Insan Jang, Seong-Gon Kim

{"title":"Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on facial skeletal development in growing rats: Considerations for diabetes.","authors":"Hannah Jeong, Jwa-Young Kim, Xiangguo Che, Je-Yong Choi, Insan Jang, Seong-Gon Kim","doi":"10.4041/kjod23.091","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod23.091","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : To investigate the long-term effects of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) on facial skeletal growth in growing male rats, with a focus on diabetic animal models.Methods: : Forty male rats were used. Of them, type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in 20 animals by administering 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), and they were assigned to either the STZ or 4HR-injected group (STZ/4HR group). The remaining 20 healthy rats were divided into control and 4HR groups. We administered 4HR subcutaneously at a weekly dose of 10 mg/kg until the rats were euthanized. At 16 weeks of age, whole blood was collected, and micro-computed tomography of the skull and femur was performed.Results: : All craniofacial linear measurements were smaller in the STZ group than in the control group. The mandibular molar width was significantly smaller in the 4HR group than in the control group (P = 0.031) but larger in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group (P = 0.011). Among the diabetic animals, the STZ/4HR group exhibited significantly greater cortical bone thickness, bone mineral density, and bone volume than the STZ group. Serum testosterone levels were also significantly higher in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group.Conclusions: : 4HR administration may have divergent effects on mandibular growth and bone mass in healthy and diabetic rats. In the context of diabetes, 4HR appears to have beneficial effects, potentially through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"53 6","pages":"393-401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for orthodontic fixed retention failure: A retrospective controlled study. 正畸固定固位失败的危险因素:一项回顾性对照研究。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.012

Kaat Verschueren, Amit Arvind Rajbhoj, Giacomo Begnoni, Guy Willems, Anna Verdonck, Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula

{"title":"Risk factors for orthodontic fixed retention failure: A retrospective controlled study.","authors":"Kaat Verschueren, Amit Arvind Rajbhoj, Giacomo Begnoni, Guy Willems, Anna Verdonck, Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula","doi":"10.4041/kjod23.012","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod23.012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : To investigate the potential correlation between fixed orthodontic retention failure and several patient- and treatment-related factors.Methods: : Patients finishing treatment with fixed appliances between 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively included in this study. Those not showing fixed retention failure were considered as control group. Patients with fixed retention failure were considered as the experimental group. Additionally, patients with failure of fixed retainers in the period of June 2019 to March 2021 were prospectively identified and included in the experimental group. The location of the first retention failure, sex, pretreatment dental occlusion, facial characteristics, posttreatment dental occlusion, treatment approach and presence of oral habits were compared between groups before and after treatment separately by using a Fisher exact test and a Mann-Whitney U test.Results: : 206 patients with fixed retention failure were included, 169 in the mandibular and 74 in the maxillary jaws. Significant correlations were observed between retention failure in the mandibular jaws and mandibular arch length discrepancy (P = 0.010), post-treatment growth pattern (P = 0.041), nail biting (P < 0.001) and abnormal tongue function (P = 0.002). Retention failure in the maxillary jaws was more frequent in patients with IPR in the mandibular jaws (P = 0.005) and abnormal tongue function (P = 0.021).Conclusions: : This study suggests a correlation between fixed retention failure and parafunctional habits, such as nail biting and abnormal tongue function. Prospective studies with larger study populations could further confirm these results.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10142392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in facial soft tissue deviations in Class III patients with different types of mandibular asymmetry: A cone-beam computed tomography study. 不同类型下颌不对称的III类患者面部软组织偏差的差异:锥束计算机断层扫描研究。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.106

Ho-Jin Kim, Hyung-Kyu Noh, Hyo-Sang Park

{"title":"Differences in facial soft tissue deviations in Class III patients with different types of mandibular asymmetry: A cone-beam computed tomography study.","authors":"Ho-Jin Kim, Hyung-Kyu Noh, Hyo-Sang Park","doi":"10.4041/kjod23.106","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod23.106","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : This study assessed the differences in soft tissue deviations of the nose, lips, and chin between different mandibular asymmetry types in Class III patients.Methods: : Cone-beam computed tomography data from 90 Class III patients with moderate-to-severe facial asymmetry were investigated. The sample was divided into three groups based on the extent of mandibular rolling, yawing, and translation. Soft tissue landmarks on the nose, lips, and chin were investigated vertically, transversely, and anteroposteriorly. A paired t test was performed to compare variables between the deviated (Dv) and nondeviated (NDv) sides, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc test was performed for intergroup comparisons. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationship between the soft and hard tissue deviations.Results: : The roll-dominant group showed significantly greater differences in the vertical positions of the soft tissue landmarks between the Dv and NDv than other groups (P < 0.05), whereas the yaw-dominant group exhibited larger differences in the transverse and anteroposterior directions (P < 0.05). Moreover, transverse lip cant was correlated with the menton (Me) deviation and mandibular rolling in the roll-dominant group (P < 0.001); the angulation of the nasal bridge or philtrum was correlated with the Me deviation and mandibular yawing in the yaw-dominant group (P < 0.01).Conclusions: : The three-dimensional deviations of facial soft tissue differed based on the mandibular asymmetry types in Class III patients with similar amounts of Me deviation. A precise understanding of soft tissue deviation in each asymmetry type would help achieve satisfactory facial esthetics.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"53 6","pages":"402-419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomechanical analysis for different mandibular total distalization methods with clear aligners: A finite element study. 不同下颌全远端矫正器的生物力学分析:一项有限元研究。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.035

Sewoong Oh, Youn-Kyung Choi, Sung-Hun Kim, Ching-Chang Ko, Ki Beom Kim, Yong-Il Kim

{"title":"Biomechanical analysis for different mandibular total distalization methods with clear aligners: A finite element study.","authors":"Sewoong Oh, Youn-Kyung Choi, Sung-Hun Kim, Ching-Chang Ko, Ki Beom Kim, Yong-Il Kim","doi":"10.4041/kjod23.035","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod23.035","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : The purpose of this finite element method (FEM) study was to analyze the biomechanical differences and tooth displacement patterns according to the traction direction, methods, and sites for total distalization of the mandibular dentition using clear aligner treatment (CAT).Methods: : A finite element analysis was performed on four FEM models using different traction methods (via a precision cut hook or button) and traction sites (mandibular canine or first premolar). A distalization force of 1.5 N was applied to the traction site by changing the direction from -30 to +30° to the occlusal plane. The initial tooth displacement and von Mises stress on the clear aligners were analyzed.Results: : All CAT-based total distalization groups showed an overall trend of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane as the force direction varied. Mesiodistal tipping of individual teeth was more prominent than that of bodily movements. The initial displacement pattern of the mandibular teeth was more predominant based on the traction site than on the traction method. The elastic deformation of clear aligners is attributed to unintentional lingual tipping or extrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth.Conclusions: : The initial tooth displacement can vary according to different distalization strategies for CAT-based total distalization. Discreet application and biomechanical understanding of traction sites and directions are necessary for appropriate mandibular total distalization.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"53 6","pages":"420-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing oral biofilms to avoid enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment. 固定正畸治疗中处理口腔生物膜，避免牙釉质脱矿。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.184

Jung-Sub An, Bum-Soon Lim, Sug-Joon Ahn

引用次数: 0

Periodontal health status, oral microbiome, white-spot lesions and oral health related to quality of life-clear aligners versus fixed appliances: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. 与生活质量相关的牙周健康状况、口腔微生物群、白斑病变和口腔健康:一项系统综述、荟萃分析和荟萃回归

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.4041/kjod22.272

Ana Sandra Llera-Romero, Milagros Adobes-Martín, José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés, José Maria Montiel-Company, Daniele Garcovich

{"title":"Periodontal health status, oral microbiome, white-spot lesions and oral health related to quality of life-clear aligners versus fixed appliances: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.","authors":"Ana Sandra Llera-Romero, Milagros Adobes-Martín, José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés, José Maria Montiel-Company, Daniele Garcovich","doi":"10.4041/kjod22.272","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod22.272","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : Assess and evaluate the different indicators of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients treated with clear aligners (CAs) versus those treated with conventional fixed orthodontics (FAs).Methods: : An electronic search was performed on the database is Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Randomized and non-randomized control trials, cross-sectional, prospective cohort and retrospective trials were included. Quality was assessed with risk of bias tool and risk of bias in non-randomised studies. Meta-analyses were performed with random effects models, estimating the standardized and non-standardized mean differences, odds ratio and risk ratio as the measure of effect. The effect on time was determined using a meta-regression model.Results: : Thirty one articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and 17 in the meta-analysis. CAs had a significantly lower negative impact on QoL, with an \"important\" effect size, while the influence of time was not significant. Periodontal indicators plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing show significantly better values in patients treated with CAs, with moderate to large effect sizes. PI and GI have a significant tendency to improve over time. In microbiological indicators, CAs present a lower biofilm mass without differences in the percentage of patients with high counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli bacteria. The risk of white spot lesion onset is ten times lower in carriers of CAs.Conclusions: : Patients wearing CAs show better periodontal indicators, less risk of white spot development, less biofilm mass and a better QoL than patients with FAs.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"53 6","pages":"374-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with anterior open bite. 前开咬患者咽部气道间隙的三维评价。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Epub Date: 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.4041/kjod22.187

Seong-Sik Kim, Yong-Il Kim, Soo-Byung Park, Sung-Hun Kim

{"title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of the pharyngeal airway space in patients with anterior open bite.","authors":"Seong-Sik Kim, Yong-Il Kim, Soo-Byung Park, Sung-Hun Kim","doi":"10.4041/kjod22.187","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod22.187","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: : This study aimed to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) of patients with anterior open bite (AOB) by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and compare the findings with those obtained in individuals with normal occlusion.Methods: : The open bite group (OBG, n = 25) consisted of patients with an anterior overbite of -3 mm or less, while the control group (n = 25) consisted of age- and sex-matched individuals with an anterior overbite of 1-3 mm, Angle Class I malocclusion (1° ≤ point A-nasion-point B angle ≤ 4°), and a normodivergent profile (22° ≤ Frankfort mandibular plane angle ≤ 28°). After the CBCT data were reconstructed into a three-dimensional image, the PAS was segmented into four parts, and the volume of each part was measured. Pharyngeal airway length (PAL) and the area and transverse width of the part showing minimal constriction were also measured. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between changes in the PAS and the amount of anterior overbite.Results: : The OBG showed a significantly narrower airway space in the nasopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total airway volumes. The OBG also showed a significantly smaller area and transverse width of the part with minimal constriction. The OBG showed a significantly longer PAL, but there was no correlation between the amount of anterior overbite and the changes in PAS.Conclusions: : The PAS was associated with AOB. Patients with AOB had a narrower PAS and a smaller part showing minimal constriction.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"358-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10641246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

READER'S FORUM. 读者的论坛。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.4041/kjod53.0006RF

Hyo-Won Ahn

引用次数: 0

Pattern of microimplant displacement during maxillary skeletal expander treatment: A cone-beam computed tomography study. 上颌骨扩张器治疗期间微型植入物移位模式：锥形束计算机断层扫描研究。

IF 1.9 3区医学

Korean Journal of Orthodontics Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.056

Ney Paredes, Ausama Gargoum, Ramon Dominguez-Mompell, Ozge Colak, Joseph Bui, Tam Duong, Maya Giannetti, Fernanda Silva, Kendra Brooks, Won Moon

{"title":"Pattern of microimplant displacement during maxillary skeletal expander treatment: A cone-beam computed tomography study.","authors":"Ney Paredes, Ausama Gargoum, Ramon Dominguez-Mompell, Ozge Colak, Joseph Bui, Tam Duong, Maya Giannetti, Fernanda Silva, Kendra Brooks, Won Moon","doi":"10.4041/kjod23.056","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod23.056","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the microimplant (MI) displacement pattern on treatment with a maxillary skeletal expander (MSE) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: Thirty-nine participants (12 males and 27 females; mean age, 18.2 ± 4.2 years) were treated successfully with the MSE II appliance. Their pre- and post-expansion CBCT data were superimposed. The pre- and post-expansion anterior and posterior inter-MI angles, neck and apical inter-MI distance, plate angle, palatal bone thickness at the MI positions, and suture opening at the MI positions were measured and compared.Results: The jackscrew plate was slightly bent in both anterior and posterior areas. There was no significant difference in the extent of suture opening between the anterior and posterior MIs (p > 0.05). The posterior MI to hemiplate line was greater than that anteriorly (p < 0.05). The apical distance between the posterior MIs was greater than that anteriorly (p < 0.05). The palatal thickness at the anterior MIs was significantly greater than that posteriorly (p > 0.01).Conclusions: In the coronal plane, the angulation between the anterior MIs in relation to the jackscrew plate was greater than that between the posterior MIs owing to the differential palatal bone thickness.","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/56/kjod-53-5-289.PMC10547596.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10507749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0