Historical Records of Australian Science最新文献_第4页

Joseph Bancroft’s discovery of Fusarium Wilt of banana 约瑟夫-班克罗夫特发现香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1071/hr23012

Malcolm J. Ryley, Andre Drenth

{"title":"Joseph Bancroft’s discovery of Fusarium Wilt of banana","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley, Andre Drenth","doi":"10.1071/hr23012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23012","url":null,"abstract":"In the early decades of British settlement at Sydney Cove in 1788, the struggling colonials tried their hand at growing edible bananas but invariably failed. However, they grew extremely well in the Moreton Bay colony (Brisbane) and over time banana growing became an important agricultural industry there, particularly after the introduction of the Cavendish variety. All was progressing well until a new disease appeared in plantations around Brisbane in the early 1870s. The medical practitioner and naturalist Joseph Bancroft investigated the problem and concluded that a fungus was implicated as the causal agent. In the early 1900s, following serious outbreaks of a disease with similar symptoms in Caribbean countries (where it was called Panama Disease), the American bacteriologist Erwin Frink Smith studied the same disease in Cuba, and named the pathogen Fusarium cubense. Another American scientist, Elmer Walker Brandes, conclusively proved that Fusarium cubense (now called Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense) was the cause of the banana disease. Bancroft’s discovery of the disease now called Fusarium Wilt not only predates other reports of the disease in the Caribbean but also represents the first scientific investigation of a plant disease in Australia.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

G. P. Darnell-Smith and the introduction of copper carbonate ‘dry pickling’ of wheat seed G. P. 达内尔-史密斯和引进碳酸铜 "干腌 "小麦种子

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1071/hr23027

G. M. Murray

{"title":"G. P. Darnell-Smith and the introduction of copper carbonate ‘dry pickling’ of wheat seed","authors":"G. M. Murray","doi":"10.1071/hr23027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23027","url":null,"abstract":"George Percy Darnell-Smith (1868–1942) was the second plant pathologist appointed to the New South Wales Department of Agriculture. Although he founded the Microbiology Branch (later Plant Pathology Branch) and wrote articles on many plant diseases, his noteworthy contribution was developing the ‘dry pickle’ treatment for common bunt of wheat during the 1910s. Darnell-Smith built on the knowledge gained over the previous 150 years on this disease. Common bunt was the first disease—plant, animal or human—whose cause and disease cycle were found. Mathieu Tillet pioneered scientific study of plant disease with his work on bunt in the 1750s. His microscopic examination showed that minute spores infected wheat seedlings leading to bunt developing in place of wheat seeds. His field experiments found that ‘pickling’ seed with copper solutions and other toxic chemicals prevented the disease. Farmers and researchers refined these wet treatments but they remained tedious to use and reduced seed germination and seedling emergence. Darnell-Smith developed an improved treatment with copper carbonate dust that gave effective control of both seed- and soil-borne inoculum. He patented a simple machine for on-farm use. His treatment had advantages over the wet pickles, being much simpler to apply and not affecting seed germination. After confirmation in the United States of America in the early 1920s, the treatment was rapidly adopted there and in other countries where by 1930 it had reduced bunt from a common disease to one rarely seen. Darnell-Smith said that he chose to work with copper carbonate based on studies by F. C. Clark in the United States of America. However, the German scientist Carl von Tubeuf had described its effectiveness as a dry powder against bunt in 1902. Darnell-Smith lectured in England before moving to Australia so it is possible that he knew of this work. Perhaps the considerable anti-German feeling in Australia during World War I dissuaded Darnell-Smith from acknowledging von Tubeuf.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raymond Leslie Martin 1926–2020 雷蒙德-莱斯利-马丁 1926-2020

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1071/hr23021

Lisandra L. Martin

引用次数: 0

Wattle gall—the quintessential Australian plant disease 荆条虫瘿--澳大利亚植物的典型病害

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1071/hr23006

Malcolm J. Ryley

{"title":"Wattle gall—the quintessential Australian plant disease","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley","doi":"10.1071/hr23006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23006","url":null,"abstract":"Acacia (the wattles) is the largest genus of plants in Australia and its species occupy almost every habitat in the country. Hard galls on the branches, phyllodes and flower parts of wattle trees were noticed from the very early days of British colonisation, but their causes were unknown. Some insects were believed to be involved, but they were not the only cause of wattle galls. In 1889, the Italian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo described the rust fungus Uromyces tepperianus from the galls on Acacia salicina, and later, the Victorian government vegetable pathologist, Daniel McAlpine transferred the species tepperianus to his new genus Uromycladium which also included six new species. A total of 28 valid species of Uromycladium, most endemic to Australia, are currently described. Several species of Uromycladium were somehow introduced into South Africa and countries in southeast Asia where they cause significant losses in Acacia plantations, while others are used as biocontrol agents for invasive Acacia species. Short biographies of two of the early collectors of rust galls, the South Australian naturalist and later entomologist Johann Gottlieb Otto Tepper and the Victorian plant pathologist Charles Clifton Brittlebank are also presented.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Henry Tryon—the true discoverer of the potato brown rot pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum 亨利-特里昂--马铃薯褐腐病病原体 Ralstonia solanacearum 的真正发现者

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1071/hr23007

Malcolm J. Ryley

{"title":"Henry Tryon—the true discoverer of the potato brown rot pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley","doi":"10.1071/hr23007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23007","url":null,"abstract":"Within a few years of the establishment of the convict settlement at Sydney Cove, the potato became one of the staple crops of the population due to its relatively high yield and the prior experience of the convicts and free settlers with growing the crop. In 1894, Henry Tryon described a new disease in southern Queensland that caused rapid wilting of plants, a ring of slightly translucent tissue just below the surface of affected tubers, oozing of a thick, white fluid from the ‘eyes’, and ultimately rotting of the tubers. It soon became known as ‘Tryon’s disease’. He found that a microbe (bacterium) was always associated with affected tubers and stems, provided a very brief description of the bacterial cells and named the microbe Bacillus vascularum solani. A few years later the American scientist Erwin Frink Smith wrote a paper on a new disease (brown rot) of solanaceous plants including the potato and tomato, in which he called the causal agent Pseudomonas solanacearum, now known as Ralstonia solanacearum. Smith dismissed Tryon’s prior claim to the discovery of the disease with some of his comments being personal and scathing. Tryon had the last word, however, cloaking his response in restrained and somewhat convoluted tones.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common leaf spot of lucerne and the dawn of mycology and plant pathology in Australia 苜蓿常见叶斑病与澳大利亚真菌学和植物病理学的曙光

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1071/hr23010

Malcolm J. Ryley

{"title":"Common leaf spot of lucerne and the dawn of mycology and plant pathology in Australia","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley","doi":"10.1071/hr23010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23010","url":null,"abstract":"As the number of livestock increased in the years following English colonisation of Australia in 1788, the need for nutritious fodder, including lucerne (Medicago sativa), grew. One of the first diseases found on lucerne was a leaf spot which was collected in 1879 by George Bancroft, a physician and naturalist, in a suburb of Brisbane. The Queensland Government Botanist Frederick Manson Bailey sent a specimen to the prominent English mycologists Miles Joseph Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome who in 1883 formally described and named the fungus Sphaerella destructiva. That fungus is now known as Pseudopeziza medicaginis, the causal agent of common leaf spot of lucerne. It was one of over 300 fungi that were included in a 1880 paper co-written by the Reverend Julian Tenison-Woods and Frederick Bailey. At that time almost all of these fungi which had been collected in Australia were identified by overseas mycologists, particularly Berkeley and Broome. It can be argued that their 1880 paper was the first significant one published in Australia which focussed on fungi. Just a decade or so later Australian scientists, in particular Daniel McAlpine, were describing new fungal taxa on their own.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"290 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138658205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A prickly business—Edward Shelton, Henry Tryon and the mysterious pineapple disease 一桩棘手的生意——爱德华·谢尔顿、亨利·特赖恩和神秘的菠萝病

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1071/hr23008

Malcolm J. Ryley, Andre Drenth

{"title":"A prickly business—Edward Shelton, Henry Tryon and the mysterious pineapple disease","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley, Andre Drenth","doi":"10.1071/hr23008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23008","url":null,"abstract":"The earliest record of pineapple plants being grown around Sydney in the British colony of New South Wales was that of Governor King in 1803. However, the climate of a new northern settlement at Moreton Bay (later Brisbane) soon proved to be far more conducive to growing the fruit. Pineapples prospered for over 50 years around Brisbane until a mysterious disease appeared in the late 1890s. In April 1891, Professor Edward Shelton, an American who had been appointed as the Queensland government’s first Instructor in Agriculture, was the first scientist to inspect the affected crops and concluded that the disease was caused by a fungus. In the following year, Shelton, Henry Tryon (then assistant curator at the Queensland Museum) and others again inspected the diseased pineapple crops. Tryon described the symptoms in detail as well as spores which were composed of two rounded elements, each having a double contour (chlamydospores). There is no doubt that the disease was caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi that was described decades later. In 1897, Shelton was passionate about agricultural education and was appointed as the first principal of the Gatton Agricultural College, but his disciplining of some students of the college led to his forced resignation just 18 months later.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"91 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138442765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

William (Bill) Francis Budd 1938–2022 威廉(比尔)弗朗西斯·巴德1938-2022

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1071/hr23019

Ian Allison, Jo Jacka, Derek Budd

引用次数: 0

Stem rust of wheat in colonial Australia and the development of the plant pathology profession 澳大利亚殖民地小麦茎锈病与植物病理学专业的发展

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1071/hr23005

Malcolm J. Ryley, Robert F. Park

{"title":"Stem rust of wheat in colonial Australia and the development of the plant pathology profession","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley, Robert F. Park","doi":"10.1071/hr23005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23005","url":null,"abstract":"Grain production in the early years of the British colonisation of Australia was characterised by a lack of expertise of farmers, a paucity of farm animals and equipment and the poor work ethics of convicts. In 1803, just when wheat production was increasing and becoming less risky, stem rust of wheat caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici was discovered by an exiled Irish rebel Joseph Holt, on Captain William Cox’s Brush Farm. Stem rust became an intermittent and often serious disease culminating in a series of epidemics in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Growing varieties less prone to rust was a key recommendation from a series of rust-in-wheat conferences held from 1891 to 1896. It was William Farrer who was the first in Australia to develop new wheat varieties that resisted the ravages of rust principally by maturing earlier. The rust outbreaks were also catalysts for the New South Wales and Victorian governments to employ Australia’s first plant pathologists, Nathan Cobb and Daniel McAlpine, respectively. A year later, Henry Tryon was employed by the Queensland government as its first vegetable pathologist, although he had conducted plant disease investigations as early as 1889.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"53 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The discovery of gumming disease of sugarcane in Australia 澳大利亚甘蔗牙龈病的发现

IF 0.3 4区哲学

Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1071/hr23011

Malcolm J. Ryley

{"title":"The discovery of gumming disease of sugarcane in Australia","authors":"Malcolm J. Ryley","doi":"10.1071/hr23011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23011","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane is one of Australia’s major agricultural industries, with approximately 95% of the crop being grown in Queensland and the remainder in northern New South Wales. In the last decade of the nineteenth century, cane growers in northern New South Wales started to see a new disease that resulted not only in the death of plants but also in difficulties in the extraction of sugar. Theories about the cause abounded, but investigations by the New South Wales vegetable pathologist Nathan Cobb revealed that the disease, previously unknown to the world, was caused by a microbe in the creamy ‘gum’ that could be commonly found in the vascular tissues of affected stalks. He named the organism Bacillus vascularum (now known as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum). For some time after, the disease was known as ‘Cobb’s gumming disease of sugarcane’. The Australian bacteriologist Robert Greig-Smith was not convinced that Cobb had conclusively demonstrated that B. vascularum was the culprit, mainly because he did not satisfy Koch’s Postulates. However, the American bacteriologist Erwin Frink Smith came to Cobb’s rescue when he proved beyond doubt that B. vascularum was to blame. The disease is now known simply as ‘gumming disease of sugarcane’.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"53 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138438809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0