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The significance of mycological contributions by Lothar Becker Lothar Becker真菌学贡献的意义
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-06-18 DOI: 10.1071/HR19005
T. May, T. A. Darragh
{"title":"The significance of mycological contributions by Lothar Becker","authors":"T. May, T. A. Darragh","doi":"10.1071/HR19005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Warning\u0000Readers of this article are warned that it may contain terms, descriptions and opinions that are culturally sensitive and/or offensive to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. \u0000Silesian-born Lothar Becker spent two periods in Australia, during which he made observations on a range of natural history topics, including fungi—a group of organisms rarely noticed by contemporary naturalists. Becker compiled notes, sketches and collections of Australian fungi that he sent to Elias Fries in Sweden for identification. Unfortunately, this material has not survived, but Becker’s accounts of his time in Australia, especially that published in Das Ausland in 1873, contain remarkable first-hand observations, including some on exotic fungi. Becker’s article is one of the earliest stand-alone analyses of the affinities of the Australian mycota. Remarks on the use of fungi by Aboriginal peoples of south-eastern Australia are particularly significant, due to inclusion of a word presumed to be from Aboriginal language and the suggestion of gendered roles in the collection of edible fungi.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48882121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley 1922–2011 休·布莱恩·斯宾塞·沃默斯利1922-2011
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.1071/HR19003
S. Maroske
{"title":"Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley 1922–2011","authors":"S. Maroske","doi":"10.1071/HR19003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Hugh Bryan Spencer Womersley disliked the word ‘seaweed’, and objected every time it was spoken in his presence. To him algae were not ‘weeds’ but beautiful organisms, well worthy of making the subject of a lifetime of scientific study. As was common in the middle of the twentieth century, Womersley did not begin his career as a phycologist, but rather found himself specialising in this life form after discovering how richly represented and little known it was along the coast of southern Australia. In his seventy-year association with the University of Adelaide, Bryan transformed the study of phycology in Australia, attracting a pool of talented students to contribute to his grand project of a marine benthic flora of southern Australia, and to carry the study of algae forward into the next generation. Being a pioneer in the field gave him opportunities for ground-breaking research and an overview of the discipline as it developed, positioning him as the leading expert on Australian algae in the international phycological community.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42496168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anthony William Linnane 1930–2017 安东尼·威廉·林纳1930–2017
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.1071/HR19001
P. Nagley
{"title":"Anthony William Linnane 1930–2017","authors":"P. Nagley","doi":"10.1071/HR19001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR19001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Anthony (Tony) Linnane isolated mitochondria from bakers’ yeast during his doctoral studies at the University of Sydney in the 1950s. He subsequently pioneered research into the biogenesis of mitochondria, covering enzymology, membrane biochemistry, and molecular biology and genetics, over more than two decades until the mid-1980s. These discoveries were made mostly at Monash University and earned him election as FAA (1972) and FRS (1980). Linnane thereafter broadened his research towards medical topics, especially the role of mitochondria in human ageing, together with studies on interferon and cancer-specific mucinous antigens. After retirement from Monash in 1996, Linnane worked towards ameliorating disease through bioenergetic strategies, based at the Centre for Molecular Biology and Medicine in Melbourne. He played significant roles in the Australian Biochemical Society and the International Union of Biochemistry.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42737248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An introduction to the CSIRO Oral History Collection CSIRO口述历史集简介
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.1071/HR18026
H. A. Wolff, T. Healy, T. Spurling
{"title":"An introduction to the CSIRO Oral History Collection","authors":"H. A. Wolff, T. Healy, T. Spurling","doi":"10.1071/HR18026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR18026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper describes a project to record specialised oral histories of key individuals involved with Australia’s principal scientific research organisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The oral histories are intended to complement official governance documents in a larger project to write a history of CSIRO. Oral histories typically include perspectives on family backgrounds and childhood, professional training and career histories. Of particular interest in these interviews is the involvement of interviewees in the management of CSIRO and their reflections on the place of CSIRO in the Australian and international scientific environments. The interviews were conducted mainly by two of the authors (Spurling and Healy), both of whom were well known to the interviewees because they were themselves senior managers in CSIRO and familiar with the topics discussed. These histories are intended to illuminate important personal factors that have influenced decision-making in CSIRO. Also covered are plans to use other collections of interview materials in the CSIRO History Project (CHP), including those conducted by CSIRO historian Boris Schedvin, the Australian Academy of Science and the National Library of Australia. Details are provided of preparations for interviews, recording and transcription and preparation of materials for public access through CSIROpedia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45129979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anton Linder Hales 1911–2006 安东·林德·海尔斯1911-2006
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-05-03 DOI: 10.1071/HR18022
Kurt Lambeck
{"title":"Anton Linder Hales 1911–2006","authors":"Kurt Lambeck","doi":"10.1071/HR18022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR18022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Anton Linder Hales died in Canberra on 11 December 2006. He was a distinguished geophysicist of international renown who made major contributions to understanding the structure and evolution of the deep Earth through the combination of theoretical developments, field experimentation and laboratory measurements, including in whole-mantle convection, palaeomagnetism, geochronology and seismology. He was also a creative and highly successful builder of research institutions on three continents, in South Africa, the USA and Australia. The last of these was as Foundation Director of the Research School of Earth Sciences at the Australian National University, leaving behind one of the leading geoscience research institutions in the world. His career spanned a period in which earth science was undergoing rapid evolution—from a ‘fixist’ view of the planet to the ‘highly dynamic’ view that we have today, an evolution to which he made important contributions both through his own research and his scientific leadership at institutional and international level.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 2: post-Independence CSIRO和巴布亚新几内亚土地研究1950-2000:第2部分:独立后
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-01-25 DOI: 10.1071/HR18025
G. Keig, R. Hide, S. Cuddy, Heinz Buettikofer, J. Bellamy, P. Bleeker, D. Freyne, J. McAlpine
{"title":"CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 2: post-Independence","authors":"G. Keig, R. Hide, S. Cuddy, Heinz Buettikofer, J. Bellamy, P. Bleeker, D. Freyne, J. McAlpine","doi":"10.1071/HR18025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR18025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Following Papua New Guinea (PNG) Independence in 1975, the new administration approached Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) directly concerning the need to address issues related to food security and village-based agriculture. A subsequent series of collaborative research projects between CSIRO and PNG government departments built upon the existing survey information to provide PNG with one of the earliest national-level, computer-based resource information systems, with widespread applications, particularly in agriculture, forestry, environmental management and planning. Part 1 of this historical review discussed the evolution, conduct and outcomes of the CSIRO integrated surveys over the period 1950–75, while Part 2 describes the subsequent research projects that arose from the surveys and concluded in 2000. In addition, the legacy of CSIRO involvement in land research in PNG is examined in relation to advances made both within individual scientific disciplines and in other relevant technological fields, and to operational challenges and structural change within the organisation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1071/HR18025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47236047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Corrigendum to: An introduction to the CSIRO Oral History Collection 勘误表:CSIRO口述历史收藏简介
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/hr18026_co
H. A. Wolff, T. Healy, T. Spurling
{"title":"Corrigendum to: An introduction to the CSIRO Oral History Collection","authors":"H. A. Wolff, T. Healy, T. Spurling","doi":"10.1071/hr18026_co","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr18026_co","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a project to record specialised oral histories of key individuals involved with Australia's principal scientific research organisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The oral histories are intended to complement official governance documents in a larger project to write a history of CSIRO. Oral histories typically include perspectives on family backgrounds and childhood, professional training and career histories. Of particular interest in these interviews is the involvement of interviewees in the management of CSIRO and their reflections on the place of CSIRO in the Australian and international scientific environments. The interviews were conducted mainly by two of the authors (Spurling and Healy), both of whom were well known to the interviewees because they were themselves senior managers in CSIRO and familiar with the topics discussed. These histories are intended to illuminate important personal factors that have influenced decision-making in CSIRO. Also covered are plans to use other collections of interview materials in the CSIRO History Project (CHP), including those conducted by CSIRO historian Boris Schedvin, the Australian Academy of Science and the National Library of Australia. Details are provided of preparations for interviews, recording and transcription and preparation of materials for public access through CSIROpedia.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59255958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robert (Robin) Harold Stokes 1918–2016 罗伯特(罗宾)哈罗德·斯托克斯1918-2016
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/HR18018
T. Spurling, B. Noller
{"title":"Robert (Robin) Harold Stokes 1918–2016","authors":"T. Spurling, B. Noller","doi":"10.1071/HR18018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR18018","url":null,"abstract":"Robin Stokes was born in the village of Southsea, on Portsea Island, UK, on 24 December 1918 and died in Armidale, NSW, Australia, on 15 November 2016. He came from a long line of distinguished scientists and mathematicians. Robin was educated at Auckland Grammar School, Auckland University College and the University of Cambridge. He commenced his academic career at the University of Western Australia in 1945 during the post-war reconstruction period, left there to pursue his PhD at Cambridge in 1947 and returned as a senior lecturer in 1950. He took the chair of chemistry at the University of New England in 1955 and remained there for the rest of his career. He made outstanding contributions to our understanding of electrolyte solutions. His book with R. A. Robinson has more than 12,000 citations.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59255760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
George Szekeres 1911–2005 乔治·塞克雷斯1911-2005
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/HR18012
M. Cowling, D. Hunt, J. Steele
{"title":"George Szekeres 1911–2005","authors":"M. Cowling, D. Hunt, J. Steele","doi":"10.1071/HR18012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR18012","url":null,"abstract":"George Szekeres was a distinguished Hungarian-Australian mathematician, who worked in many different areas of mathematics, and with many collaborators. He was born in Budapest in 1911. His youth between the two World Wars was spent in Hungary, a country that, as a result of historical events, went through a golden age and produced a great number of exceptional intellects; his early mathematical explorations were in the company of several of these. However, for family reasons, he trained as a chemist rather than a mathematician. From 1938 to 1948, he lived in Shanghai, China, another remarkable city, where he experienced the horrors of persecution and war but nevertheless managed to prove some notable mathematical results. In 1948, he moved to Australia, as a lecturer, then senior lecturer, and finally reader, at the University of Adelaide, and then in 1964 he took up the Foundation Chair of Pure Mathematics at the University of New South Wales; in Australia he was able to bring his mathematical talents to fruition. After many years in Sydney, he returned to Adelaide, where he died in 2005. We discuss his early life in Hungary, his sojourn in Shanghai, and his mature period in Australia. We also discuss some aspects of his mathematical work, which is extraordinarily broad.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59255220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joseph Mark Gani 1924–2016 Joseph Mark Gani 1924–2016
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/HR18014
E. Seneta
{"title":"Joseph Mark Gani 1924–2016","authors":"E. Seneta","doi":"10.1071/HR18014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/HR18014","url":null,"abstract":"Joe Gani, as he was universally known, was born in Cairo, Egypt, on 15 December 1924 and died in Canberra on 12 April 2016. A visionary leader, mentor, and brilliant organizer, he created the Journal of Applied Probability, and was Chief of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Division of Mathematics and Statistics. A distinguished academic career included posts at the Universities of Sheffield, Kentucky, California at Santa Barbara, and the Australian National University. His numerous research contributions are dominated by stochastic modelling, especially epidemic theory.","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59255362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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