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‘The Menace of Acclimatization’: the advent of ‘anekeitaxonomy’ in Australia 适应的威胁"：澳大利亚 "nekeitaxonomy "的出现
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1071/hr24019
Simon Farley
{"title":"‘The Menace of Acclimatization’: the advent of ‘anekeitaxonomy’ in Australia","authors":"Simon Farley","doi":"10.1071/hr24019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acclimatisation has been a profoundly important force in Australia’s history, yet scholars have routinely ignored or denigrated it, leaving it under-studied and misunderstood. Most accounts frame acclimatisation as a fad, briefly flourishing around the 1860s; scholars typically blame the spread of animal pests such as the rabbit for the sudden loss of interest in this branch of science. This article attempts to revise such accounts, demonstrating, on the contrary, that settler Australians continued to exhibit favourable attitudes towards acclimatisation and acclimatised wildlife well into the twentieth century. Focusing on wild birds, the article argues that acclimatisation was not consistently opposed by Australian naturalists until the second half of the 1930s, and indeed, that attempts to acclimatise non-native birds continued into the 1960s. Settler nationalism and xenophobia—rather than improved ecological theories or field data—are identified as the underlying motivation for the opponents of acclimatisation. The implications for present-day research into and management of non-native wildlife species are briefly considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protecting Australia’s plant health: plant quarantine in an evolving biosecurity system † 保护澳大利亚植物健康：不断发展的生物安全体系中的植物检疫 †
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1071/hr24012
Mark Whattam, Stacey Azzopardi, David Nehl, Aaron Maxwell, Kevin Davis
{"title":"Protecting Australia’s plant health: plant quarantine in an evolving biosecurity system †","authors":"Mark Whattam, Stacey Azzopardi, David Nehl, Aaron Maxwell, Kevin Davis","doi":"10.1071/hr24012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a geographically isolated and island continent, Australia has historically been protected from the impact of many damaging plant pests found overseas. However, the advent of modern transport systems and greater global trade in live plants, seed and plant products is increasing the movement of pests including invertebrates, pathogens, and weeds. Exclusion of these threats through an effective biosecurity system is essential to support and protect Australia’s agricultural producers and unique flora. Biosecurity measures must balance risk-based regulation with successful trade of goods, including live plants, seed and plant products. Although achievement of zero biosecurity risk is not a broadly practical outcome, geographic exclusion of threats is an effective approach to support and protect Australia’s unique environment. This is particularly important in the trade of live plants as nursery stock. Latent infection presents a significant hurdle for detection of plant pathogens in border inspections to exclude their entry with imported plants. Post-entry plant quarantine enables latent infection to be expressed as visible symptoms, while providing sufficient time for targeted testing of asymptomatic plants. Here we provide a synopsis of the pivotal role plant quarantine has and continues to play in Australia’s biosecurity system.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Problems with Fenner and Marshall’s method of estimating myxoma virus virulence delayed a closer understanding of rabbit-virus coevolution 芬纳和马歇尔估算肌瘤病毒毒力的方法存在问题，延迟了对兔病毒共同进化的更深入了解
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1071/hr24010
Brian Cooke
{"title":"Problems with Fenner and Marshall’s method of estimating myxoma virus virulence delayed a closer understanding of rabbit-virus coevolution","authors":"Brian Cooke","doi":"10.1071/hr24010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When myxoma virus was first released in Australia it was seen not only as a means of controlling rabbits but also an opportunity to understand the evolution of a disease in a new host. The virus quickly attenuated into less virulent variants while simultaneously rabbits built heritable resistance to the disease. Nonetheless, rather than rabbits quickly outstripping virus virulence, myxoma viruses have adapted and kept pace with increases in rabbit resistance by increasing in virulence and other attributes necessary for remaining highly transmissible. As well as benefitting the biological control of pest rabbits, this previously unrevealed chapter details the evolution of myxomatosis while also documenting the delays in reaching a consensus on the coevolution of myxoma virus virulence and rabbit resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From internment in Trial Bay to exile in Berkeley: the German physicist Peter Pringsheim and his connection with Australia 从被关押在审判湾到流亡伯克利：德国物理学家彼得-普林塞姆及其与澳大利亚的联系
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1071/hr24006
James N. Bade
{"title":"From internment in Trial Bay to exile in Berkeley: the German physicist Peter Pringsheim and his connection with Australia","authors":"James N. Bade","doi":"10.1071/hr24006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peter Pringsheim, best known as professor of physics at the University of Berlin, has an unusual connection with Australia. His attendance at the 1914 conference of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, which was held in Melbourne, coincided with the outbreak of World War 1, and he was interned as an enemy alien at the Trial Bay Internment Camp in New South Wales from October 1914 until July 1919. However, with the support of key Australian and New Zealand scientists, Pringsheim used his time at Trial Bay to write a scientific paper on fluorescence and phosphorescence which established him as a world authority on this branch of atomic physics. On his return to Berlin, he was promoted to professor and it seemed that nothing could now stand in the way of his career. In a grim twist of fate, however, political developments in Germany in the 1930s then forced him into exile in Belgium and the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"333 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
David Albert Cooper 1949–2018 戴维-艾伯特-库珀 1949-2018
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1071/hr23032
Anthony D. Kelleher, Suzanne Crowe, Anthony Cunningham
{"title":"David Albert Cooper 1949–2018","authors":"Anthony D. Kelleher, Suzanne Crowe, Anthony Cunningham","doi":"10.1071/hr23032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr23032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>David Cooper was an internationally renowned immunologist and HIV clinician who spearheaded Australia’s world-leading HIV response. Known for advocacy and community engagement, he made several world-first discoveries on HIV pathogenesis and treatment. He was involved in the development of every HIV drug used in Australia and drove the introduction of antiretroviral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in NSW. He established, then led, the Kirby Institute for thirty-two years, remaining at the forefront of communicable disease research in Australia and internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Angus McEwan 1937–2018 安格斯-麦克尤恩 1937-2018
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1071/hr24005
Trevor J. McDougall, John A. Church, John Zillman
{"title":"Angus McEwan 1937–2018","authors":"Trevor J. McDougall, John A. Church, John Zillman","doi":"10.1071/hr24005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dr Angus McEwan FAA FTSE who died on 5 September 2018, aged 81, was a renowned Australian fluid dynamicist, specialising in designing and conducting experimental studies in geophysical fluid dynamics, and providing outstanding leadership of national and international research programs in oceanography and meteorology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dr W.R. (Bill) Blevin 1929–2022 W.R. (Bill) Blevin 博士 1929-2022
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1071/hr24016
B. D. Inglis
{"title":"Dr W.R. (Bill) Blevin 1929–2022","authors":"B. D. Inglis","doi":"10.1071/hr24016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>William Roderick (Bill) Blevin graduated from the University of New England (UNE) with First Class Honours in science in 1950, completed a Diploma of Education in 1951 and a Master of Science degree in 1952. He joined the CSIRO Division of Physics in 1953 as a research scientist and became the leader of the Optical Radiometry and Pyrometry Group. In 1972, he was awarded a DSc from the University of New England and in 1976 became a chief research scientist within CSIRO. In 1988, he was appointed chief of the CSIRO Division of Applied Physics. For much of his distinguished research career his focus was on improving measurement standards for optical radiometry and photometric measurement. Among his many achievements was an independent experimental determination of the Stefan–Boltzmann constant which advanced the accuracy of agreement with theoretical determinations by more than an order of magnitude. His work on the Stefan–Boltzmann constant and his determination in the face of international opposition eventually led to the redefinition of the candela, the SI (International System) unit for light intensity, in terms of the unit for power. His work was widely recognised internationally and brought great credit to CSIRO as well as gaining great respect for metrology in Australia. Bill served as president of the International Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR) for some twelve years and served as a member, secretary and vice-president of the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM). He received many awards and honours throughout his illustrious career, including recognition as a Member of the Order of Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jeremy David Pickett-Heaps 1940–2021 † 杰里米-戴维-皮克特-希普斯 1940-2021 †
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1071/hr24017
Peter Beech, Arthur Forer
{"title":"Jeremy David Pickett-Heaps 1940–2021 †","authors":"Peter Beech, Arthur Forer","doi":"10.1071/hr24017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jeremy Pickett-Heaps was a biologist whose acute observational powers were fed by a deep fascination for how cells work; he had an affinity for the myriad diversity of algae and other protists in general and for what they could teach us about all cells. An early adopter of the electron microscope, he made fundamental discoveries in plant cell division and green algal phylogeny that developed into studies on cell division in general: first with the highly-ordered diatoms and other protists, and later with animal cells. In the latter part of his career, Jeremy mastered time-lapse micro-cinematography to document the dynamic lives of cells and, through the resultant movies and his enthusiastic teaching, introduced many to the wonders of microscopic life.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stuart Ross Taylor 1925–2021 斯图尔特-罗斯-泰勒 1925-2021
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1071/hr24009
Scott M. McLennan, Roberta L. Rudnick
{"title":"Stuart Ross Taylor 1925–2021","authors":"Scott M. McLennan, Roberta L. Rudnick","doi":"10.1071/hr24009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stuart Ross Taylor, born and raised in New Zealand, spent most of his career at the Australian National University where his laboratory research focused on trace element geochemistry. He made fundamental contributions toward understanding the composition and evolution of the Moon and Earth, the origin of tektites and solar system evolution. He carried out the first-ever chemical analyses of Apollo 11 lunar samples. Ross Taylor received many awards and honours and was a Companion of the Order of Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Where does a female plant pathologist work?’: Gretna Weste (née Parkin) AM DSc 女植物病理学家在哪里工作？Gretna Weste（女，帕金）AM DSc
IF 0.3 4区 哲学
Historical Records of Australian Science Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1071/hr24008
David I. Guest
{"title":"‘Where does a female plant pathologist work?’: Gretna Weste (née Parkin) AM DSc","authors":"David I. Guest","doi":"10.1071/hr24008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/hr24008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gretna Weste was a remarkable plant pathologist born to Australian parents in the United Kingdom (UK) during World War 1. She studied at the University of Melbourne and was employed in the Forests Commission of Victoria as a ‘temporary typist’ while investigating the preservation of timber logs burnt in the 1939 Black Friday bushfires. Weste returned to the School of Botany at the University of Melbourne briefly before raising a family. Once her children reached high school she returned to the School of Botany as a senior demonstrator, and enrolled as a PhD student part-time to study the cause of take-all disease of wheat. She was awarded a PhD in 1968. After take-all research was claimed by the Faculty of Agriculture in 1970, Gretna’s focus shifted to the newly discovered dieback disease affecting the forests of Western Australia and Victoria. Her research laid the foundations of our understanding of dieback disease, and underpinned the recognition of <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> as a Key Threatening Process under the Australian <i>Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act</i> (1999). Dr Weste was awarded a DSc in 1983, appointed Member of the Order of Australia in 1989 for her significant service to plant pathology and became an Honorary Member of the Australasian Plant Pathology Society in 1992. Her distinguished career reflects a spirit and resilience that enabled her to overcome, or dodge, a series of gender-based obstacles in research, government and university hierarchies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51246,"journal":{"name":"Historical Records of Australian Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141495976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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