The Open Ophthalmology Journal最新文献

{"title":"Role of Osmotic Response Element-Binding Protein in High Glucose-Induced Cataractogenesis: Involvement of ERK and p38 MAPK Pathways","authors":"Kun He, Binxin Pan, Pengfei Tian, Guoning Ye","doi":"10.2174/0118743641311706240722091620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641311706240722091620","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Osmotic Response Element-binding Protein (OREBP) is a key regulator in cellular responses to osmotic stress. However, its specific role in cataractogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms regulating OREBP expression in high-glucose environments and examine the associated signaling pathways.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Human Lens Epithelial Cells (HLEpiCs) were cultured and treated with normal (25 mmol/L) and high (300 mmol/L) concentrations of D-glucose. To assess the cellular response, western blot analysis was performed to detect the activation of ERK/p38MAPKs in HLEpiCs. The mRNA and protein expression levels of OREBP were measured using RT-PCR and western blot techniques, respectively. Specific inhibitors for ERK (U0126) and p38 MAPK (SB239063) were applied to assess their roles in OREBP expression. Additionally, OREBP expression was examined in the lens subcapsular epithelium of diabetic patients and rats using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Following exposure to varying glucose concentrations, OREBP mRNA levels in HLEpiCs peaked at 4 hours with 300 mM glucose, showing significant upregulation at 2 and 4 hours (Fig. 1A, Fig. B). Western blot analysis revealed a corresponding increase in OREBP protein levels after 24 hours of high glucose exposure. Morphologically, HLEpiCs exhibited compact growth and increased apoptosis under high glucose conditions, contrasting with their initial polygonal morphology. OREBP expression was markedly elevated in the lens subcapsular epithelium of diabetic patients and rats, correlating with high glucose stress. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK proteins was significantly induced within 45 minutes of exposure to 300 mM glucose. Inhibition experiments using ERK inhibitor U0126 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063 demonstrated substantial downregulation of OREBP mRNA expression. Combination treatment with both inhibitors consistently suppressed OREBP protein expression after 24 hours of high glucose exposure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In summary, our study reveals that OREBP is upregulated in response to high glucose levels through the activation of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of cellular responses to osmotic stress in high-glucose environments, offering potential therapeutic targets for diabetic cataracts. Future research should explore the specific functions of OREBP in cataractogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Surgical Outcomes of Persistent Fetal Vasculature: A Five-Year Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Eye Center in Kazakhstan","authors":"L. Orazbekov, Aida Sadyk, Kairat Ruslanuly","doi":"10.2174/0118743641302338240520094529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641302338240520094529","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To present the surgical outcomes of Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV) in a pediatric cohort over five years at the main referral tertiary eye care center in Kazakhstan.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 23 pediatric patients (24 eyes) under 18 years old who were treated for PFV at the Kazakh Eye Research Institute between 2017 and 2021. Clinical presentations of PFV, types of surgery performed, and postoperative functional outcomes were analyzed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average age at the time of surgery was 4.49 ± 4.24 years, ranging from 5 months to 16 years, with 39.1% boys and 60.9% girls. The anterior, posterior, and mixed forms of PFV were observed in 12.5%, 4.2%, and 83.3% of cases, respectively. PFV was most commonly accompanied by cataracts (95.8%), followed by strabismus (33.3%), microphthalmia (25%), and both nystagmus and microcornea (16.7% each). There was a significant overall improvement in visual acuity, from 2.24 ± 0.26 to 1.11 ± 0.66 logMAR (p < 0.001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings of this study confirm that timely surgery leads to improved anatomical and functional outcomes in PFV, influenced by a range of factors, both evident and less apparent.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141372744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Using Optical Coherence Tomography in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia","authors":"N. Almarzouki, Ayah M. Kurdi, Ibrahim S. Aladni, Mohammed A. Taha","doi":"10.2174/0118743641306823240520080815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641306823240520080815","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring optic nerve disease and physiological thinning. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique that provides real-time scans. This procedure is used for measuring RNFL thickness and macular thickness in chorioretinal pathologies.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to determine RNFL thickness in healthy individuals across different age groups using OCT scans.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The medical records of 257 patients from the clinic specialized in glaucoma were reviewed between October 2022 and October 2023. The analyzed variables included age, gender, and RNFL thickness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study included participants aged 18 to 84 years, with an average age of 48.11 years. Females comprised the majority (59.1%) of the subjects compared to males (40.9%). The results indicated a significant association between age and RNFL thickness in various eye regions. Specifically, the superior, inferior, and temporal areas decreased in thickness with advancing age, particularly after 40. The most pronounced age-related changes were observed in the superior and inferior regions. Furthermore, females displayed a thicker RNFL in their right eye than males. The temporal and nasal regions showed a negative correlation with age, indicating a gradual but still noteworthy reduction in thickness in these areas.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to establish a normative database contributing to the increase in quality of care in ophthalmology in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, providing valuable guidance in diagnosing, managing, and researching glaucoma, ultimately improving patient outcomes in the region.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optic Disc Infiltration as a First Sign of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Relapse: A Case Report","authors":"Saeed S. Alamri, Abdullah A. Jammah, Saleh A Alkhaldi, Abdulkarim A. AlKharashi, Adel A. Aljatham","doi":"10.2174/0118743641302926240520102811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641302926240520102811","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This case report presents a unique manifestation of relapsed B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) involving the ocular system. This study contributes to the scientific literature by providing documented evidence of ocular complications, specifically central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and optic nerve infiltration, in a patient experiencing the relapse of ALL.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 17-year-old male with a history of B-cell ALL presented with decreased vision in the right eye. Clinical examination revealed CRVO, CRAO, and optic nerve infiltration by leukemic cells. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of a retro-orbital mass and subretinal choroidal involvement. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy confirmed relapsed of ALL. The patient was subsequently referred for further management.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This case highlights the importance of considering ocular manifestations, such as CRVO, CRAO, and optic nerve infiltration, in patients with relapsed ALL. Ophthalmological evaluation should be included in the follow-up and management of ALL patients to detect and manage ocular complications promptly. Early recognition and treatment of ocular manifestations can improve outcomes and quality of life for these patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Mild Graves’ Ophthalmopathy","authors":"Giang Thi Huong Bui, Dong Ngoc Pham, Tung Quoc Mai, Van Trong Pham","doi":"10.2174/0118743641301105240521104937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641301105240521104937","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to assess dry eye in patients with mild Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (GO) at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional descriptive study evaluated dry eye syndrome in 40 eyes from 20 mild Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients from January 2021 to December 2021 at the Vietnam National Eye Hospital. As an age-matched control group, 44 eyes of 22 adults without thyroid disease were selected. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Tear Break-up Time (TBUT), Schirmer I tear test, and Corneal Fluorescein Staining (CFS) were assessed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that dry eye in patients with mild GO disease was significantly higher (65%), i.e., 3.98 times compared to the control group (65% and 30%, p<0.001, OR=3.98). The mean Schirmer I tear test score, TBUT score, CFS score, and OSDI score had a significant difference between GO and controls. Dry eye indices (TBUT, Schirmer I test, CFS) in mild GO patients were linearly correlated with proptosis, Margin-to-reflex Distance 1 (MRD1), and Clinical Activity Score (CAS). In the group of patients with active GO, the results of TBUT, Schirmer I test, CFS, and OSDI were statistically significantly higher than the inactive group (p < 0.05). Dry eye in the inflammatory group was 5.14 times higher than the non-inflammatory group (85.7% vs. 53.8%, p< 0.001, OR = 5.14).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Dry eye syndrome was frequently found in patients with mild GO, 3.98 times higher than the control group. Dry eye findings and the ocular surface damage in GO were severe in the group with active mild GO and 5.14 times higher than the inactive group.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141378489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Contact Lens Wear and Improper Use Among Students of Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Mahadi Bashir, Ali Alghamdi, Aimun A. E. Ahmed, Sarah S. Taishan, Wafaa S. Taishan, Mohammed G. Alghamdi, H. A. Alghamdi, L. M. Alsakka, N. A. Alghamdi, H. M. Alzahrani, A. Alghamdi","doi":"10.2174/0118743641306553240313061238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641306553240313061238","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and practice of contact lens wear (CLW) among Al-Baha University medical students.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms. The questionnaire had three domains: sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, CLW hygiene practices, and CLW-related complications.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 432 students were enrolled. Almost half of them (203,47%) were CLs wearers. Almost half of the participants, 95 (46.8%), used CL for therapeutic and 108 (53.2%) cosmetic purposes. 81 (40%) wore their CLs for a duration of (1-10 hours/day), 149 (73.4%) did not sleep while wearing their CLs, 61 (30%) shared theirs with others, 110 (54.2%) washed their hands before putting on their CLs and 90 (44.2%) replaced their CL cleaning solution regularly. Only 10 (5%) of the participants did not experience any complications related to CLW, while 108(52.6%), 102 (50%), and 97 (47.8%) experienced dry eye, tears, and foreign body sensations, respectively. Moderate satisfaction of the users was reported.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The medical students at Al-Baha University showed a high CLW ratio and used CL predominantly for cosmetic reasons; both male and female students were very aware of hygienic practices, and moderate satisfaction, with moderate complications, was reported.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-lamellar Polychromatic Keratopigmentation: A Novel Approach for Corneal Tattooing","authors":"Katerina Kiroshka, Igor Keiserman","doi":"10.2174/0118743641269201240101104359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641269201240101104359","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Corneal keratopigmentation, commonly known as corneal tattooing, is a cosmetic procedure designed to enhance the visual appearance of non-functional eyes due to congenital, traumatic, or other ocular conditions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This case study presents the outcomes of polychromatic lamellar keratopigmentation, a novel technique employed in three patients. The study assesses cosmetic improvements, patient satisfaction, pigment stability, and procedural complications.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study evaluated the outcomes of polychromatic lamellar keratopigmentation in three patients. The procedure achieved an average cosmetic improvement rating of 4.2 on a scale of 1 to 5, reflecting substantial enhancement in corneal appearance. Patients reported a mean satisfaction rating of 9.2 on a scale of 1 to 10, indicating high contentment. Pigment stability over 1 to 3.5 years was excellent, with no complications reported. This underscores the procedure's effectiveness, durability, and safety as a cosmetic enhancement for non-functional eyes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The novel polychromatic lamellar keratopigmentation technique is highly effective, with quantifiable improvements in cosmetic appearance, exceptional patient satisfaction, and remarkable pigment stability. This procedure offers a promising and durable option for enhancing the appearance of non-functional eyes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"311 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mono-canalicular Lacrimal Stent Intubation for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Treatment","authors":"Ali Nema Abushnein, Muthanna Basheer Yasir, W. Yosif","doi":"10.2174/0118743641298283240315153809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641298283240315153809","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Epiphora, marked by tear overflow at the eyelid margin, is a prevalent condition in ophthalmology, affecting over 20% of infants. The causes involve hypersecretion due to anterior segment diseases or compromised lacrimal drainage systems. While \u0000 congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) \u0000 in children often resolves spontaneously, persistent cases may necessitate surgical intervention. The management, which includes probing, stent insertion, and dacryocystorhinostomy, remains challenging due to the miniaturized and variable anatomy of the lacrimal pathways.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aims to investigate the efficacy of mono-canalicular Lacrijet stent insertion in managing \u0000 congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO)\u0000 in pediatric patients, particularly those aged over 24 months. It focuses on assessing success rates in cases with prior probing or no previous probing. The study aims to contribute valuable insights to the existing literature on the effectiveness of Lacrijet intubation as a management option for CNLDO.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A prospective observational study following 25 pediatric patients diagnosed with epiphora in an ophthalmology hospital. The procedure included using mono-canalicular Lacrijet intubation. Patients were followed for 180 days post-operatively via subjective and objective measures. Independent and paired t-tests were used for numerical variables. Chi-square was applied to check the significant association of variables with outcome. A p-value less than or equal to 5% is considered significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 More than half of the sample was 3-6 years of age (56%), males (52%), and had previous probing attempts (56%). Seven (28%) patients were relieved from symptoms within less than 5 days, 12 (48%) recovered within 5-9 days, and 2 (8%) patients were symptom-free after 10 days. The success rate was 84%. Only 4 patients (16%) had unsuccessful outcomes. There was no significant difference in outcome regarding patients’ age, gender, affected eye, previous probing, and site of intubation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Mono-canalicular Lacrijet stent insertion appears as a simple, safe, and reliable outpatient procedure for treating CNLDO in children. Age and prior failed probing did not significantly impact success rates. Early and detailed assessments are recommended for children with epiphora, with consideration for mono-canalicular stenting. Future research could compare outcomes between probing and intubation as initial treatments for pediatric epiphora.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"27 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Layer Sign and Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Patients Treated with Subthreshold Laser for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","authors":"Christian Enders, Gabriele E. Lang, B. Mayer, Jens Ulrich Werner","doi":"10.2174/0118743641275908231228114029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641275908231228114029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous detachments of the central neurosensory retina. Besides, other alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the focal detachment of the RPE can occur. We explored the frequency of RPE detachment and double layer sign in OCT in our patient population, the influence of subthreshold photocoagulation (ST-LP) on these parameters and the possibility of correlations with visual acuity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent ST-LP based on the diagnosis of CSCR in a German university eye clinic from 2009 to 2014. Measurements in OCT were performed regarding pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and double layer sign (DLS).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 54 eyes of 49 patients were included in the study. The frequency of PEDs dropped from 66% of cases at baseline to 50% after 3 months. No significant differences in calculated areas of lift-off volume of PED were identified. The frequency of a DLS was significantly lower 8 weeks after ST-LP compared to baseline (63%, p<0.05), but not after 12 weeks.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conclude that PEDs and DLS are common in CSCR. In this study, no convincing correlation can be identified between BCVA before ST-LP or at the last visit and different characteristics of PED as well as DLS. While the area of PED becomes smaller after ST-LP, the extent of the DLS seems to increase. Further prospective studies are required, and DLS with respect to the occurrence of CNV should also be given attention.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"197 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Findings and Blurring of Vision Associated with COVID-19 Virus during Pandemics in Iraq","authors":"Zainab Adel Hashim, Suzan Kahatan M. Salih, Marwan Younis Abdulla","doi":"10.2174/0118743641277380231212063936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118743641277380231212063936","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged with a number of ophthalmologic manifestations. The most significant ocular symptoms included conjunctival discharge, redness, tears, itching, and a feeling of a foreign body in the eye.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To review and critically appraise ophthalmologic manifestations of COVID-19 in the form of rate and severity of visual impairment following ocular and systemic COVID-19 infections.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study that was carried out at the outpatients’ clinic in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were 135 patients seeking advice regarding their ocular complaints. They are PCR and /or CT-scan approved COVID-19 infection. Comprehensive eye examination done for these patients started with visual acuity assessment by Snellen chart, then refraction followed by examination of the eye and its adnexa by slit lamp for signs of inflammation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The patients had a mean age of 47.5 years, and the rate of blurring of vision was 39.3%, whether they had ocular manifestation or not, and it showed substantial association with disease severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 COVID-19 infection was associated with visual impairment, and the ophthalmologic manifestations severity was related to systemic morbidity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":512318,"journal":{"name":"The Open Ophthalmology Journal","volume":"56 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}