Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress最新文献

{"title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and stress regulation: preclinical insights and unresolved challenges.","authors":"Margherita Barbetti, Luca Carnevali, Andrea Sgoifo","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2684153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2684153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic stress exposure contributes to the onset and maintenance of a wide range of mental and physical disorders. Non-invasive modulation of vagal pathways has received increasing attention as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of stress-related conditions, given the central role of the vagus nerve in brain-body communication. By stimulating auricular vagal afferents, transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) is proposed to engage stress regulatory circuits, with downstream effects that may modulate stress-related physiology. Consistent with this mechanistic rationale, preclinical rodent research has begun investigating the effectiveness of taVNS as a non-invasive approach to mitigate stress-related outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize this emerging preclinical evidence, focusing on potential mechanisms involving central neural circuits implicated in stress regulation, as well as downstream autonomic function, inflammatory signaling pathways, and gut microbiota composition. Collectively, available studies support taVNS as a multi-system modulator of stress responses acting through interconnected neural, autonomic, immune, and gut-brain pathways. However, preclinical taVNS research remains at an early stage. Major unresolved challenges include the lack of standardized stimulation parameters and insufficient consideration of biological sex as a critical experimental variable. Addressing these limitations will be essential to improve reproducibility and strengthen translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2684153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting cortisol and testosterone: are they markers of readiness to perform?","authors":"Benjamin G Serpell, Christian J Cook","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2723347","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2723347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Readiness in sport is a topic of interest for many coaches, athletes, and performance support staff alike. In the context of hormones, it has been viewed as a response to stress (i.e. increasing free cortisol and testosterone). However, whether a causal relationship exists for cortisol and testosterone with performance remains unclear. Free cortisol and testosterone possibly remain best viewed as relevant biomarkers of the stress response, with this response also being, in part, a proxy measure of readiness. The priming of cortisol and testosterone through exercise, warm-up, or other stimuli to prepare for performance has been a recurring theme amongst research; however, the results in terms of both the magnitude of hormone change and influence on subsequent performance are highly variable. In fact, cortisol and testosterone change in the context of readiness appears individual in nature and are affected by physiology, training status, age, sex, trained state, and individuals' perceptions of both their liking and the magnitude of the stressor. The importance of individuality in this context is poorly understood, and an opportunity exists to undertake research to increase the understanding and application of strategies that may enhance readiness to perform in females and males.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2723347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of genes and pathways associated with chronic restraint stress-induced anxiodepressive-like behaviors in female mice by transcriptomic and genome-wide DNA methylation combinational-analysis.","authors":"Ming-Lian Luo, Yi-Heng Li, Yuan-Jian Yang, Xue-Mei Gao","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2723356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2026.2723356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women are at a higher risk for depression and anxiety than men, yet research into the biological mechanisms and pharmacological treatments for female-specific mental disorders, such as perinatal and perimenopausal depression, remains insufficient. DNA methylation, a key epigenetic modification, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. In this study, we exposed female mice to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 2 weeks, which induced both depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors. We then collected genomic DNA and total RNA from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region critically involved in depression pathophysiology, and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and whole-genome enzymatic methylation sequencing (EM-seq) to investigate stress-related transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Transcriptomic analysis identified 105 upregulated and 71 downregulated genes in the mPFC of CRS-exposed mice. Notably, CRS increased the expression of genes associated with the complement and coagulation cascades, while downregulating the expression of genes encoding neurotransmitter receptors, their downstream signaling regulators, and markers of neuronal activity. Epigenetic profiling revealed 6,848 hypermethylated and 4,530 hypomethylated regions, with CRS altering both CG- and CHH-type DNA methylation. Integrative analysis uncovered 13 downregulated genes with significant hypermethylation, most of which were implicated in neuronal activity regulation, and 8 upregulated genes with hypomethylation. Our findings suggest that CRS-induced DNA hypermethylation at CG and CHH sites in the female mPFC may contribute to stress-induced transcriptional dysregulation, potentially driving anxiodepressive-like behaviors. These results provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying sex-specific stress responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2723356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of stress by sex and stress model: the source matters.","authors":"P Torres-Carrillo, Y B Vidal-de-la-O, D B Paz-Trejo, L D Ochoa-de-la-Paz, N Trujillo-Gutiérrez, F Sánchez-Flores, H Sánchez-Castillo","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2712384","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2712384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been shown that stress is related to survival and adaptation. However, the same adaptive response can become noxious and produce disruptions that are related to the development of different disorders, such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc. These dual effects of stress (positive/negative) could be related to the type of stress, intensity, and recently it has been shown that sex has a major role in the behavioral output. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of the type of stressor on anxiety-like behaviors, depressive-like behaviors, and spatial and recognition memory. Male and female Wistar rats, 12 weeks old and weighing 200-340 g at the beginning of the experiment were used. The subjects were divided into control, Chronic Unpredictable Stress Battery (CUSB), and Predator Scent Stress (PSS) groups. They were evaluated using the following tests: open field, forced swim, elevated zero maze, saccharin preference, Barnes maze, and novel object recognition tests. The results revealed sex- and stressor-specific behavioral and neuroendocrine profiles, indicating that stress outcomes cannot be generalized without carefully considering the source of stress, the sex/gender of the subject, and other variables relevant to the pathophysiology of stress-related mental illnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2712384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation on autonomic function in posttraumatic stress disorder and opioid use disorder.","authors":"J Douglas Bremner, Asim H Gazi, Nil Z Gurel, Tamara P Lambert, Matthew T Wittbrodt, Justine W Welsh, Bradley D Pearce, Viola Vaccarino, Amit J Shah, Omer T Inan","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2726826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2026.2726826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vagus nerve has branches that extend to the brain and a number of peripheral organs. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) affects autonomic function through enhancement of parasympathetic activity and suppression of sympathetic activity. Because of these effects VNS has a number of potential therapeutic applications. This review focuses on the effects of transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) on autonomic function in two stress-related psychiatric disorders that are characterized by increased sympathetic function, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). We have studied the effects of tcVNS on physiology in patients with PTSD and OUD with brain imaging, blood biomarkers, and wearable sensing devices. These studies demonstrated that tcVNS has effects on autonomic tone, cardiovascular function, inflammatory responses, and central brain areas involved in the modulation of emotion, that are favorable in terms of promoting recovery for patients with PTSD and OUD, in particular through effects that mitigate autonomic system dysregulation that underlies the symptomatology of these disorders. The effects of tcVNS on autonomic function and other stress-related circuits and systems show promise for development of interventions for these stress-related disorders that are related to the underlying neurobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2726826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allostatic load in psychiatry: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sabine Finlay, Riana Marie, Donna Rudd, Brett McDermott, Blazej Misiak, Robert-Paul Juster, Zoltán Sarnyai","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2635367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2635367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is complex and involves multiple biological systems. The allostatic load (AL) model offers a framework to capture this multisystem dysregulation by assessing biomarkers that reflect the activity of different physiological systems. This systematic review aimed to summarise current literature on the association between AL and psychiatric disorders. The databases Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, Ovid Emcare, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to July 2025. A total of twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review, and sixteen were eligible for meta-analysis. We found that individuals with a psychiatric disorder demonstrated elevated AL compared to healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, the meta-analyses revealed an overall standardised mean difference of the between-group meta-analysis, which demonstrated higher AL in individuals with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis (SMD: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.18; <i>p</i> < .0001) compared to HCs. In contrast, no significant difference in AL was observed for individuals with major depressive disorder (SMD: 0.07; 95% CI: -0.23; 0.37; <i>p</i> = 0.67). In conclusion, the AL model may offer a valuable tool for evaluating the impact of chronic stress across various biological systems. This approach can be applied to the early intervention of the core pathophysiology as well as systemic comorbidities that are common among those with psychiatric symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2635367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146777111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodermal signatures of stress during tactical law enforcement training.","authors":"Marcelo Bigliassi, Jesse Curtis, Vivian Vu Yasutake, Kevin Acosta, Dawna Bagherian, Robert Laing, Melis Yilmaz Balban","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2723354","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2026.2723354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Law enforcement tactical training places sustained cognitive and emotional demands on recruits, making stress regulation a critical determinant of learning and performance. This study examined EDA as an objective index of stress regulation during standardized law enforcement scenarios. Objectives were to 1) predict individual change in tactical performance from electrodermal dynamics, 2) test whether a breathing-based intervention produces different pre- to post-physiological change than standard training across the full scenario periods, and 3) quantify peri-threat EDA dynamics during threat recognition. Fifty-three recruits completed repeated pre- and post-training evaluations. Continuous EDA was recorded via wearable sensors across four scenarios. Performance change was defined as post-training minus baseline performance scores and modeled using machine learning with repeated 5-fold cross-validation. Random forest models explained 30% of the variance in performance change, and improvers versus non-improvers were classified with 77.1% accuracy, driven primarily by sympathetic energy and phasic amplitude. Whole-scenario analyses showed robust Time effects but no reliable Group or Time × Group effects. In the peri-threat window, onset latency showed a Time × Group interaction (<i>p</i> = .031, d = 0.86), with shorter post-training latency in Controls and stable latency in Experimental. Findings indicate that officer recruit tactical performance can be predicted from electrodermal dynamics measured during scenario-based training, and that performance improvement can be predicted from stress regulation dynamics. Finally, a brief biofeedback-based breathing intervention significantly slowed down the threat-triggered sympathetic arousal. The results support the use of biofeedback-based stress interventions in recruit training to shape autonomic responses and improve tactical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"29 1","pages":"2723354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness as a driver of allostatic load: mechanisms linking social disconnection to physiological dysregulation and health disparities.","authors":"Alison Warren","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2594067","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2594067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loneliness is increasingly recognized as a multisystem stressor that contributes to morbidity and premature mortality. This narrative review draws on searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus (2000-2025), focusing on studies linking loneliness to neuroendocrine, immune, neural, and cardiometabolic pathways associated with allostatic load. Evidence is strongest in older adults and clinical subgroups, though emerging findings suggest relevance and mechanistic insight across community populations. Loneliness is associated with dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, elevated inflammatory biomarkers, altered amygdala reactivity, and cardiometabolic risk factors. These patterns highlight loneliness as both a psychological and biological risk factor. Limitations include heterogeneous measures and reliance on cross-sectional designs, underscoring the need for longitudinal and mechanistic studies. Addressing loneliness requires early detection through screening and implementation of evidence-based interventions, including psychosocial therapies (e.g. cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based approaches), social prescribing, and trauma-informed primary care. Reframing loneliness as a modifiable determinant of health underscores its importance for translational research, clinical care, and public health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"28 1","pages":"2594067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota and immune response under chronic social stress in an LPS-induced inflammatory model.","authors":"Pavlo Petakh, Yaroslav Stravskyy, Iryna Halabitska, Alina Pavliuk, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2595777","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2595777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic psychological stress is a known modulator of immune responses and gut microbiota composition. However, its impact on the host's inflammatory response to leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains insufficiently studied. This study aimed to evaluate how chronic social stress alters immune gene expression and gut microbiota composition in a rat model of leptospiral LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Male Wistar rats were divided into control (<i>n</i> = 6), LPS-induced inflammation group (<i>n</i> = 6), and LPS-induced inflammation group with chronic stress group (<i>n</i> = 12). Inflammation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS from <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> (10 mg/kg). Chronic social stress was applied through 14-day overcrowding. Gene expression in peripheral blood was analyzed using RT² Profiler PCR Arrays, and gut microbiota composition was evaluated via culture-based quantification of selected taxa. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post hoc comparisons, PCA, and Spearman's correlation. LPS administration significantly upregulated six immune-related genes compared to controls, including <i>Il6</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Ifng</i>, <i>Il10</i>, <i>Ccl3</i>, and <i>Ccl5</i> (log₂FC ≥ 2, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In the LPS+Stress group, only <i>Il10</i> and <i>Tnf</i> remained significantly upregulated above the same threshold. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct clustering of the gut microbiota profiles between the experimental groups. Significant alterations were found in the relative abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i><i>spp.</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i><i>spp.</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>spp.</i>, <i>Morganellaceae</i>, and <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i>. Notably, <i>Klebsiella</i><i>spp.</i> abundance positively correlated with <i>Il1b</i> expression in both LPS (<i>r</i> = 0.613, <i>p</i> = 0.0342) and LPS+Stress groups (<i>r</i> = 0.663, <i>p</i> = 0.0188), while <i>Alcaligenes faecalis</i> abundance correlated with <i>Tnf</i> expression in the LPS+Stress group (<i>r</i> = 0.616, <i>p</i> = 0.0330). Chronic social stress modifies the leptospiral LPS-induced immune response and contributes to significant alterations in gut microbiota. The observed correlations between specific microbial taxa and proinflammatory gene expression indicate microbiota-immune interactions that may underlie stress-associated changes in systemic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"28 1","pages":"2595777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of ATF4 in fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis induced by mechanical trauma through the miR-93-3p/Smad7 axis.","authors":"Wei Li, Haitang Chen, Xueyan Hu, Peifan Yang, Mingmin Liu","doi":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2579503","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10253890.2025.2579503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a serious disease for females. This study attempts to explore the role of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in mechanical trauma-induced SUI fibroblast cell proliferation and apoptosis, thereby finding a candidate target for SUI treatment. A cell model simulating the condition of SUI was established for the assessment of ATF4, miR-93-3p and Smad7 expression. Cellular biological behaviors were evaluated, and levels of PCNA and Caspase-3 were measured. Mechanically, the enrichment of ATF4 on the miR-93-3p promoter was analyzed. The binding relation between ATF4 and miR-93-3p promoter and between miR-93-3p and Smad7 3'UTR was verified. The mechanism of the ATF4/miR-93-3p/Smad7 pathway in mechanical trauma-induced fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis was validated. ATF4 was upregulated in mechanical trauma-induced fibroblast, and ATF4 silencing promoted mechanical trauma-induced fibroblast proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. ATF4 bound to the miR-93-3p promoter and inhibited miR-93-3p expression. miR-93-3p targeted Smad7 3'UTR to downregulate Smad7 expression. miR-93-3p depletion or Smad7 overexpression could partially neutralize the role of ATF4 knockdown in mechanical trauma-induced fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. ATF4 promotes apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of mechanical trauma-induced fibroblasts via the miR-93-3p/Smad7 axis, providing a potential candidate therapeutic target for mechanical trauma-induced SUI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51173,"journal":{"name":"Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress","volume":"28 1","pages":"2579503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}