Southwestern Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BIOMES OF TAMAULIPAS AND BIOSPHERE RESERVES, EL CIELO AND SIERRA DE TAMAULIPAS, IN MEXICO","authors":"Onésimo Rocha-Ugalde, J. G. Martínez-Ávalos, E. de la Rosa-Manzano, Juan Manuel Ortega-Rodríguez, C. Sáenz-Romero","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We analyzed the distribution of climatic habitat suitable for biomes of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, under the contemporary climate (1961–1990) and projected to the decade centered on the year 2030. This was achieved through previous modeling of the climatic habitat using random forest of the program R and six different climatic model scenarios. By the year 2030, there will be a reduction in the area occupied by a climatic habitat suitable for temperate biomes: conifer forests (–100% change relative to the area currently occupied), San Lucas pine-oak woodland (–100%), and Madrean-Transvolcanic pine-oak woodland (–34%). In contrast, climatic habitats suitable for dry biomes will expand and some will appear that do not currently exist in Tamaulipas, such as the Sinaloa–Guerrero thornscrub (+38% of the state area occupied). In the area occupied by the Biosphere Reserve “El Cielo,” suitable climatic habitat will diminish for the Gulf Coast thornscrub (–100%), tropical semievergreen forest (–100%), and cloud forest (–99%); however, suitable climatic habitat will increase inside that Reserve for the biomes chaparral (+1,703%) and Madrean-Transvolcanic pine-oak woodland (+33%). In addition, habitat suitable for the dry deciduous forest of Sinaloa will appear (+22% of the area of the Reserve, previously nonexistent). For the Biosphere Reserve “Sierra de Tamaulipas,” suitable climatic habitat will be lost mainly for the biomes chaparral (–92%) and Madrean-Transvolcanic pine-oak woodland (–89%). However, habitat suitable to the dry deciduous forest of Sinaloa will appear (66% of the area of the Reserve, which does not currently exist). Modification of the climatic habitat could imply serious challenges for the conservation and management of contemporary vegetation and may provide evidence that the in situ measures of conservation in place for these biome types in the state are insufficient, even within the Biosphere Reserves. Resumen La distribución del hábitat climático propicio para los biomas del estado de Tamaulipas, México, se analizó bajo el clima contemporáneo (1961–1990) y se proyectó a la década centrada en el año 2030. Esto se logró mediante el modelado previo del hábitat climático utilizando el módulo RandomForest del programa R y seis diferentes modelos-escenarios climáticos. Para el 2030, habrá una reducción en el área ocupada por un hábitat climático propicio para biomas templados: bosques de coníferas (pérdida: –100% de cambio en relación con el área actualmente ocupada), bosques de pino-encino de San Lucas (–100%) y bosque de pino-encino de la Sierra Madre y Transvolcánico (–34%). En contraste, los hábitats climáticos propicios para biomas secos se expandirán y aparecerán algunos que actualmente no existen en Tamaulipas, como el matorral espinoso de Sinaloa-Guerrero (ganancia: +38% del área estatal ocupada). En el área ocupada por la Reserva de la Biosfera “El Cielo”, el hábitat climático adecuado disminuirá para el matorral es","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"120 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45495800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LATE PLEISTOCENE SHRUB-OX (EUCERATHERIUM COLLINUM), PONTATOC RIDGE SHELTER, SANTA CATALINA MOUNTAINS, SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA","authors":"J. Mead, Thomas R. Van Devender, G. M. Ferguson, S. Hale","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present the Late Pleistocene extinct shrub-ox, Euceratherium collinum (Bovidae), dung pellets recovered from Pontatoc Ridge Shelter, a dry alcove in the Santa Catalina Mountains of southern Arizona. The shelter is at the current upper edge of the Arizona Upland subdivision (the highest and coldest part) of the Sonoran Desert. Packrat (Neotoma) middens with macrobotanical fossils and a floor deposit consisting of midden debris and dung pellets were sampled and are described here. Six packrat middens radiocarbon date to 15,690–22,874 cal yr B.P. (calibrated years before present); dung pellets from the floor deposit date to 14,990 cal yr B.P. Macrobotanical fossils primarily from the middens but also from the floor deposit indicate that a woodland composed of Arizona cypress (Hesperocyparis [Cupressus] arizonica), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a hybrid singleleaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla var. fallax), border pinyon (Pinus discolor), juniper (Juniperus), manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens), and canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis) grew outside the shelter. Dung pellets were measured, compared with other extant and extinct species, and sampled for phytoliths and pollen. Based on size, morphology, DNA, and physiographic setting (cliff face), our assumption is that only a single taxon of slickrock-climbing ruminant used the small, extremely inaccessible Pontatoc Ridge Shelter and that all large pellets belong to the extinct shrub-ox. The distribution of Late Pleistocene shrub-ox is reviewed; the stocky, rather short ruminant is recovered mainly in mountainous and canyon-county terrains of western United States and northern Mexico. Resumen Presentamos los coprolitos del buey arbustivo Euceratherium collinum (Bovidae) extinto del Pleistoceno tardío recuperados del refugio Pontatoc Ridge, un nicho seco en las montañas de Santa Catalina en el sur de Arizona. El refugio se encuentra en el borde más alto actual de la subdivisión de las tierras altas de Arizona (la parte más alta y fría) del desierto de Sonora. Se tomaron muestras de basureros de la rata de campo (Neotoma) con fósiles macrobotánicos y de un depósito en el suelo compuesto por coprolitos y escombros de los basureros de ratas del campo, que se describen aquí. Seis basureros de ratas de campo tienen fechas de radiocarbono 15,690–28,874 años cal A.P. (calibrado años antes del presente); los coprolitos tomados del piso del refugio tienen una fecha de 14,990 años cal A.P. Los fósiles macrobotánicos principalmente de los basureros de ratas del campo, pero también de los depósitos del piso, indican que un bosque compuesto de ciprés de Arizona (Hesperocyparis [Cupressus] arizonica), abeto de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii), pino ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa), un híbrido de pino piñón de una sola hoja (Pinus monophylla var. fallax), piñón de borde (Pinus discolor), enebro (Juniperus), manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens) y encino de cañón (Quercus chr","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"102 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48180966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF POGONOMYRMEX OCCIDENTALIS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDEAE), WESTERN HARVESTER ANT, COLONY SURVIVAL IN WESTERN NEBRASKA","authors":"K. Keeler","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I observed individual western harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) colonies, marked between 1977 and 1994, to live a mean of 15.65 years (n = 112). The longest-lived colony lived 42 years. Resumen Observé que colonias de hormigas cosechadoras occidentales (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis), marcadas entre 1977 y 1994, sobrevivieron una media de 15.65 años (n = 112). La colonia que vivió más tiempo sobrevivió 42 años.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"114 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXTRAORDINARY ACCUMULATION OF ARVICOLINE RODENTS FROM LITTLE DELL DAM (PLEISTOCENE), UTAH","authors":"Charles B. Withnell, C. J. Bell, C. Jass","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An accumulation of Pleistocene owl pellets (strigilites) containing 30 arvicoline rodent teeth was found at the Little Dell Dam fossil site outside of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah, in 1992. The accumulation was recovered in a single block of matrix with partially exposed teeth. We used high-resolution x-ray computed tomography (CT) to segment, digitally prepare, and describe teeth belonging to Allophaiomys pliocaenicus, Mictomys kansasensis, or Mictomys meltoni, and a previously recognized but unnamed morphotype of Phenacomys. Digital preparation revealed 10 associated upper or lower dentitions of those taxa. A reinterpretation of the age of the site (∼150 thousand years ago) using arvicoline rodent biochronology was made based on recent research at Cathedral Cave, Nevada. The new estimate is a much younger age for the Little Dell Dam fauna from Locality 2 than was previously reported. Resumen Se encontró en 1992 una acumulación de regurgitaciones estrígidas del Pleistoceno (estrigilitas) que contienen 30 dientes de roedor arvicolina en el sitio de fósiles de la presa Little Dell, en las afueras de Salt Lake City, condado de Salt Lake, Utah. La acumulación se recuperó en un solo bloque de matriz con dientes parcialmente expuestos. Utilizamos tomografía computarizada (TC) de rayos X de alta resolución para segmentar, preparar digitalmente y describir dientes pertenecientes a Allophaiomys pliocaenicus, Mictomys kansasensis o Mictomys meltoni, y un morfotipo de Phenacomys previamente reconocido pero sin nombre. La preparación digital reveló diez denticiones superiores o inferiores asociadas de esos taxones. Se realizó una reinterpretación de la edad del sitio (∼ 150 ka) usando biocronología de roedores arvicolina basada en una investigación reciente en Cathedral Cave, Nevada. Esa es una edad mucho más temprana para la fauna de la presa Little Dell de la localidad 2 de lo que se informó anteriormente.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"91 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAIN-HARVEST DRINKING BY PHRYNOSOMA DITMARSI IN SONORA, MEXICO","authors":"W. C. Sherbrooke, Cecilia Aguilar-Morales, Nora L. Villanueva-Gutiérrez, Thomas R. Van Devender","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44691089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFENSIVE HORN RAISING BY HORNED LIZARDS (PHRYNOSOMA): A UNIQUE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE IN PHRYNOSOMATID LIZARDS?","authors":"W. C. Sherbrooke, Cecilia Aguilar-Morales, Thomas R. Van Devender","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44430074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIET OF BRAZILIAN FREE-TAILED BATS (CHIROPTERA: MOLOSSIDAE: TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS): A REVIEW","authors":"Brandi M. Christiano, M. Ryan","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE ENDANGERED LEON SPRINGS PUPFISH IS INEFFECTIVE AGAINST THE ENDANGERED EGG PREDATOR PECOS GAMBUSIA","authors":"J. L. Snekser, M. Itzkowitz","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-67.2.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45105334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO-OCCURRENCE OF FOUR ENDANGERED MAMMALS IN THE MEXICO–UNITED STATES BORDERLANDS: JAGUAR (PANTHERA ONCA), OCELOT (LEOPARDUS PARDALIS), BEAVER (CASTOR CANADENSIS) AND BLACK BEAR (URSUS AMERICANUS)","authors":"Kinley Ragan, Ganesh Marin, Chelsey R. Tellez, R. Sierra‐Corona, J. Schipper","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48430204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POPULATION STRUCTURE RESPONSE AND LIFE-CYCLE COMPRESSION IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS IN A KEYSTONE SPECIES","authors":"T. Drezner","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.84","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49098534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}