Southwestern Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"WARBLERS SCAVENGED BY A COMMON RAVEN IN THE IVANPAH VALLEY, MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE, CALIFORNIA, USA","authors":"Collin J. Richter, K. Buhlmann","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45510895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIODIVERSITY IN SPRING-FED HABITATS OF THE RIO SONOYTA BASIN: VARIATION AMONG HABITAT TYPES AND SEASONS","authors":"Kelsey D. Hollien, M. Bogan","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.54","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Springs are essential sources of water for humans and wildlife in the Sonoran Desert and, despite their isolation, they often support diverse aquatic communities. However, flows in these systems are declining due to groundwater pumping and increasing temperatures and aridity. In the western Sonoran Desert, two spring-fed systems represent the vast majority of perennial surface water along the U.S.-Mexico border: Quitobaquito, an upland hillslope spring, and a nearby spring-fed reach of the Rio Sonoyta. In this study, we quantified how aquatic invertebrate species richness and community composition varied by habitat type and season at these two sites. We found that habitat was a significant driver of composition for both sites, but seasonal variation was only influential for species richness in the Rio Sonoyta. Continued declines in flow will likely lead to significant losses of aquatic invertebrate biodiversity at both sites.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"54 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATTERNS OF WILDLIFE ACTIVITY AND PREDATOR-PREY DYNAMICS IN A HIGHLY TOURISTED AREA","authors":"Molly R. Caldwell, J. Mario, K. Klip","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tourist activity in natural areas may impact species' behavior and ecology as well as predator-prey dynamics. Although previous research has demonstrated effects of human disturbance on wildlife communities, only a limited number of studies have focused on small mammals and coyote predator-prey systems. To generate an overview of human impacts on these wildlife communities, we analyzed camera trap data from a human-disturbed site at Lake Tahoe, California. To compare species' activity patterns in relation to distances from human-disturbed areas, we used single-species occupancy models, estimations of species' temporal activity overlaps, and the time between detections of different species at camera sites. We found that in general black bears (Ursus americanus) avoided areas of high human disturbance, whereas coyotes (Canis latrans), rodents, and lagomorphs favored them. However, rodents and lagomorphs also avoided areas with high coyote detections, indicating that rodents and lagomorphs mostly used human-disturbed areas that were not highly frequented by coyotes. Additionally, all aforementioned species avoided humans temporally and this avoidance increased in closer proximity to human-disturbed areas. These findings indicate that while some species frequented human-disturbed areas more than others, all species studied exhibited greater temporal avoidance of humans when closer to areas of higher human activity. Our results also indicate that rodents' and lagomorphs' activity patterns overlapped more with coyotes' activity patterns closer to human-disturbed areas and rodents and lagomorphs avoided coyotes less in these areas. The greater overlap of the species' activity patterns suggests that there is likely more interaction between coyotes and their prey closer to areas of high human activity. The changes in the behavior and ecology of wildlife communities closer to human-disturbed areas reported here emphasize how proximity to human-disturbed areas may influence both predator and prey demographics.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"35 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46437102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DENSITY AND HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF THE WOODHOUSE'S SCRUB-JAY IN CENTRAL TEXAS","authors":"J. L. Reidy, F. Thompson","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Woodhouse's scrub-jay (Aphelocoma woodhouseii texana) is a relatively understudied subspecies inhabiting juniper scrub and woodland in central Texas. We estimated density and examined habitat associations at the eastern edge of their breeding range. Scrub-jays were strongly associated with intermediate proportions of juniper land cover at a 100-m scale and showed lower density in areas of greater mixed oak-juniper woodland and greater urban land cover at a 1-km scale.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"5 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44465934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SMALL MAMMALS OF OTONGA FOREST RESERVE, COTOPAXI PROVINCE, ECUADOR","authors":"T. E. Lee, Nicolás Tinoco, F. G. Allred, Andrew Hennecke, M. A. Camacho, Santiago F. Burneo","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 2012, we conducted a mammal survey in the cloud forest of the Otonga Forest Preserve on the western slope of the Andes in Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador. We used Sherman traps, Tomahawk traps, pitfall traps, and mist nets to collect mammal specimens at 2,070 m in elevation. We collected 148 specimens representing 19 species from the survey area. The species collected include Caenolestes convelatus, Marmosops caucae, Sturnira bidens, Sturnira erythromos, Sturnira ludovici, Anoura caudifer, Anoura peruana, Platyrrhinus dorsalis, Platyrrhinus nigellus, Myotis oxyotus, Mazama rufina, Melanomys caliginosus, Neusticomys monticolus, Thomasomys baeops, Thomasomys silvestris, Nephelomys moerex, Dasyprocta fuliginosa, and Bassaricyon neblina. We documented Notosciurus granatensis with photography.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"48 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF PRIORITY IN DETERMINING THE RESTRICTED DISTRIBUTION OF TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA","authors":"Amberly McGee, R. Zufall","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Species distributions may be determined by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. The model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila exhibits an unusual distribution limited to the eastern United States. In this study, we assess the roles of species interactions and habitat requirements in driving this restricted distribution by studying laboratory populations of T. thermophila and Tetrahymena gruchyi. We find that priority effects and habitat requirements are likely to be important factors driving the distribution of Tetrahymena species.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYSTEMATIC LARVAL FISH SURVEYS AND ABIOTIC CORRELATES CHARACTERIZE EXTANT NATIVE FISH ASSEMBLAGE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE COLORADO RIVER, WESTERN GRAND CANYON, ARIZONA","authors":"E. Gilbert, W. Brandenburg, Adam L. Barkalow, Ron B. Kegerries, Brandon C. Albrecht, B. Healy, Emily C. Omana Smith, James R. Stolberg, M. McKinstry, S. Platania","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Systematic larval fish surveys increase the probability of detecting rare species and provide ecological insights for more common species that can be difficult to infer from surveys of older life-stages. To characterize the reproductive success of the extant fish assemblage in the western Grand Canyon portion of the Colorado River, we conducted systematic larval fish surveys in 2014 and 2015. The effort identified endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) as initiating spawning in February with a continuation through July. We collected recently hatched protolarval fish throughout the study area including the most upstream sample sites, suggesting fish spawned throughout and upstream of the study area. Our collection of a protolarval endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha) supports the hypothesis that the population increased in range within the Grand Canyon from its dramatic 2001 contraction into the Little Colorado River and suggests localized spawning. Back-calculating hatching dates indicated humpback chub began hatching in late April and continued through mid-May. Native fishes numerically dominated larval fish collections (97.6 and 99.3% for 2014 and 2015, respectively) and recruitment to the early juvenile life-stage was documented for all fish species captured except razorback sucker. Abundance, measured as catch per unit effort and frequency of occurrence, was different between years for each native species captured (n = 5). Interannual differences in abiotic factors (discharge, diel fluctuations in discharge, and water temperature) were significantly different for most months between years. A redundancy analysis, evaluating the relationship between abiotic environmental factors and catch rates, suggested both discharge and water temperature were associated with speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus), bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus), and flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), with a positive correlation to water temperature and a negative correlation to discharge. We were unable to identify associations between abiotic factors and the endangered fishes, which may have been due to the lack of variability in those species' catch rates. Improving our understanding of the relationship between reproductive success and abiotic factors would enhance management of the system to benefit native fishes.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"67 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORIGINS AND DIVERSITY OF PERIPHERAL POPULATIONS OF RIO GRANDE SUCKER (PANTOSTEUS PLEBEIUS) IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES","authors":"T. F. Turner, A. Cameron, M. Osborne, D. Propst","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rio Grande sucker (Pantosteus plebeius) is continuously distributed in parts of its range, but occurs in geographically isolated populations at the periphery. We used 10 microsatellites and DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to characterize genetic diversity and reconstruct evolutionary relationships of five peripheral populations in the southwestern United States. An isolated population in Rio Bonito (Pecos River drainage) is most closely related to a central Rio Grande population in Alamosa Creek, and part of the monophyletic Rio Grande lineage. Another disjunct population, Bluewater Creek in the western Rio Grande drainage, has a Mimbres lineage mtDNA haplotype that likely originated via interbasin transfer. Both peripheral populations are important for conservation of the species as a whole. Three other isolated populations are closely related to mainstem “core” populations in the Mimbres and Gila rivers that colonized these intermittently connected tributaries. One peripheral population in Allie Canyon, Mimbres River, has persisted longer in isolation than Rocky Canyon or Trout Creek in the Gila system. In general, a process of range expansion during relatively cool and wet periods, followed by retreat to wetted refugia during warm and dry periods, leads to genetic differentiation of peripheral populations of Rio Grande sucker at local and across-basin scales.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"25 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PIGEON'S EYE VIEW OF A UNIVERSITY CAMPUS","authors":"Erin E Stukenholtz, T. Hailu, Sean Childers, Charles Leatherwood, Lonnie Evans, Don Roulain, Dale Townsley, Marty Treider, Roy Nelson Platt, S. Fritts, D. Ray, J. Zak, R. Stevens","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing urbanization over the last century has resulted in a greater abundance of invasive species. Invasive feral pigeons (Columba livia) damage critical urban infrastructure and pose risks to human health. Universities, including Texas Tech University (TTU), located in Lubbock, Texas, have difficulty decreasing adverse effects caused by pigeons. Assessing reliable estimates of population demographics is an important first step to understanding and managing damaging pigeon populations. Our goal was to estimate pigeon abundances at TTU and understand the underlying mechanisms that facilitated pigeon persistence on campus. We surveyed 23 independent locations from March to April 2017 to estimate pigeon abundance across the entire campus. Separately, we also examined pigeon densities on two campus buildings from March to December 2017 to assess and quantify variation in pigeon detection probabilities and abundance both during the diurnal period and among calendar seasons. Our estimates suggested campus abundance was comparable to other urban areas (1,584.4 pigeons/km2, SE = 43.58, 95% CI = ±1,969). Our results indicated hot spots (i.e., high pigeon abundances) existed on campus; for example, we estimated ∼2,819 pigeons (SE = 76, 95% CI = ±138) on a single building on campus during our surveys. Enumeration of pigeon abundance on two campus buildings (mean = 326, SE = 16, 95% CI = ±11) indicated abundance was greatest in the fall and during the morning hours, and peak abundance occurred shortly after 0700 h and declined during the day. Our results suggested pigeons were abundant on campus due to structure and composition of buildings that facilitated nesting and loafing spots that likely maximized efficiency and effectiveness of thermal regulation as well as direct access to water during the study period. In general, pigeons clustered on two buildings on campus and our findings suggested success of population-control measures may be maximized if they are implemented around these buildings.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"13 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46392096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOTEWORTHY RECORD OF THE SOLITARY EAGLE (BUTEOGALLUS SOLITARIUS) IN THE SIERRA DEL ABRA TANCHIPA, NORTHEASTERN MEXICO","authors":"Romeo Tinajero, J. R. Aguirre-Rivera","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-65.3-4.278","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report our observation of an adult solitary eagle (Buteogallus solitarius) in northeastern Mexico, in the Sierra del Abra Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve, on 18 October 2019. We took photographs of the solitary eagle for identification and then reviewed available records of its distribution in Mexico from different information sources. Recent sightings of the solitary eagle are very rare in Mexico, and our observation in northeastern Mexico is noteworthy considering (1) the rarity of the species and (2) that our sighting was outside of its known distribution.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"65 1","pages":"278 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}