Medicinski Glasnik最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes and complications of exposed Kirschner wire fixation for metacarpal fractures: a retrospective study.","authors":"Andrea Cruciani, Silvia Pietramala, Alessio Greco, Alessandro El Motassime, Camillo Fulchignoni, Lorenzo Rocchi","doi":"10.17392/2015-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2015-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Metacarpal fractures are common hand injuries, frequently treated with closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) using Kirschner wires (K-wires). While exposed K-wires allow for simple hardware removal and early mobilization, their use is traditionally associated with a higher risk of pin tract infections. There is a lack of studies focusing exclusively on exposed K-wires in metacarpal fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was retrospectively reviewed 134 patients who underwent CRIF with exposed K-wires for metacarpal fractures between January 2023 and March 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 118 patients were analyzed. Demographics, fracture characteristics, complications, and follow-up data were collected. Functional outcomes were assessed using the QuickDASH and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) before hardware removal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients were male, 88 (75%), with a mean age of 39.3 years. The little finger was the most frequently injured, 71 (60%). In 102 (86%) cases, a single metacarpal fracture was observed. The average number of wires used was 1.7, and hardware was removed after a mean of 40.1 days. The rate of pin tract infection was &lt;4%, all classified as superficial and managed conservatively. Only one case required reoperation due to secondary displacement. The mean QuickDASH score was 25, and the average MHQ score was 70.15, indicating overall good functional and patient-reported outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposed K-wire fixation for metacarpal fractures appears safe and reliable, with low complication rates and favorable patient-reported outcomes, supporting its use in outpatient pathways without compromising safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"196-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic supplementation on gut health in rabbits.","authors":"Taghreed Al-Fakje, Faeha Al-Mashhadane, ِAsmaa Al-Nuaimy","doi":"10.17392/2035-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2035-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The research examined the effects of prolonged oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus intake on rabbit intestinal tissue morphology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included twelve male rabbits aged 10&ndash;12 months and weighing 1.5&ndash;2.0 kg who received random assignment to two groups of six animals each. The control group received distilled water but the experimental group received L. rhamnosus orally at 0.25 mL/kg/day for 45 days. The research team performed histological and morphometric analysis on duodenal samples to measure villus height and width and crypt depth and villus area and VH/CD ratio and muscularis thickness through ImageJ software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extended probiotic treatment caused villus disorganization and epithelial necrosis and villus fusion and inflammatory infiltration and submucosal edema. The quantitative analysis showed that all measured parameters including villus height and VH/CD ratio and villus area and muscularis thickness demonstrated significant decreases (p&lt;0.05) when compared to the control group. The results show that absorptive capacity was impaired.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The duodenal mucosa developed structural and functional changes because of extended exposure to high L. rhamnosus concentrations which indicates that long-term probiotic use could be harmful. Research needs to determine the correct dosage amounts and duration of treatment for non-rodent species.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"76-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poorer histopathological differentiation in colorectal cancer: a study from a Southeast Asian Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Edwin Saleh Siregar, Muhammad Al Anas, Dedy Hermansyah","doi":"10.17392/2012-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2012-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pre-treatment NLR and histopathological differentiation in colorectal cancer, and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of NLR as a predictive biomarker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at Adam Malik Haji Center General Hospital Medan, North Sumatera. Medical records of 45 colorectal cancer patients treated between January and December 2024 were reviewed. Pre-treatment NLR values were calculated from peripheral blood counts. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine diagnostic performance, and correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between NLR and tumour grade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean NLR was 6.33&plusmn;4.92. ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.874, indicating excellent diagnostic ability. An NLR cutoff value of 6.25 provided a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 72.5% for predicting poor histopathological differentiation. A moderate positive correlation (r=0.612; p&lt;0.001) was found between higher NLR values and poorer differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-treatment NLR correlated with histopathological grade and showed promise as a simple, non-invasive biomarker for assessing tumour aggressiveness in colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Von Mises stress analyses using finite element model in two patients with chronic low back pain.","authors":"Arief Indra Perdana Prasetya, Tri Indah Winarni, Jamari Jamari, Ardiyansyah Syahrom","doi":"10.17392/2080-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2080-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate biomechanical properties of low back pain, which is a pervasive issue with a profound impact on an individual's quality of life due to pain and daily activity limitations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two female patients suffering from chronic low back pain were presented. Patient 1 had severe compression fractures at L2 and L4, while Patient 2 had degenerative lumbar scoliosis due to L4-5 disc degeneration. We utilized Finite Element Analysis based on patient-specific CT scan data of lumbosacral 3D reconstruction to quantify the stress intensity as a measurement, known as Von Mises Stress. The reconstruction of the data was performed using specialized software, and simulations were conducted using Ansys 2020. To validate our results, we compared them to previous simulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient 1 exhibited the highest Von Mises stress in the annulus fibrosus at L2-L3 during axial rotation (84.168 MPa) and in the nucleus pulposus at L2-3 during anterior flexion (16.722 MPa). Patient 2 displayed the highest Von Mises stress both the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus at L1-L2 during axial rotation (0.515 MPa and 0.0594 MPa, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings can help identify the segments at the highest risk for developing lumbar spondylosis and disc degenerative disorders by quantifying Von Mises stress in the lumbosacral region.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between polymorphism of interleukin 3 receptor alpha Rs6603272 G/T gene with negative symptoms in Bataknese schizophrenia patients.","authors":"Dika Asrika Asrul, Elmeida Effendy, Mustafa Mahmud Amin, Vita Camellia, Zulham Yamamoto","doi":"10.17392/2067-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2067-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>There are many studies about the correlation between Bataknese and schizophrenia patients, one of the most common ethnic in Indonesia. Cytokine and its&rsquo; receptor disorder is one of the scope of immunology research in schizophrenia. Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is an important cytokine with various biologic roles in immune response. We would like to determine the association between the polymorphism of IL3RA gene with negative symptoms in Bataknese schizophrenia patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used comparative case control approach. The negative symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Blood sampling and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation used salting out method followed by IL3RA RS6603272 G/T &nbsp;genotype identification using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The data were analysed using &chi;2 and Kruskal Wallis test. A p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred participants were divided into schizophrenia and healthy control groups evenly. G alleles (49.5% and 50.5%) and GT genotypes (49% and 53%) were the most common alleles and phenotypes in both groups with no significant difference in both groups (p&gt;0.05). The analysis also did not reveal significant correlation between the polymorphism of IL3RA RS6603272 G/T with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (p &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was neither significant difference of the presence of G and T alleles, also GG, GT, and TT genotypes between two groups nor the correlation between polymorphism of IL3RA RS6603272 G/T with schizophrenia negative symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced volar locking plate fixation for intra and extra articular distal radius fractures: a retrospective study.","authors":"Giuseppe Rovere, Francesco Bosco, Giulio Vigni, Ennio Sinno, Andrea Perna, Fortunato Giustra, Francesco Liuzza, Amarildo Smakaj, Fernando De Maio, Antonio Ziranu, Giuseppe Tulumello, Lawrence Camarda","doi":"10.17392/2047-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2047-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distal radius fractures are among the most common orthopedic injuries, posing significant challenges due to their high prevalence and potential for long-term functional impairment. Volar locking plates have emerged as the gold standard for managing unstable and extra-articular fractures, offering superior outcomes compared to traditional methods. This study evaluates the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes of volar locking plate fixation in 34 patients with intra and extra-articular distal radius fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 34 patients treated for intra and extra-articular distal radius fractures with volar locking plates at a single orthopedic center. Patients were followed for a mean duration of 24 months (range: 12&ndash;36 months). Outcomes were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), and radiographic parameters. Complications, including hardware-related issues and soft tissue irritation, were recorded. Statistical analysis compared preoperative and postoperative outcomes, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean DASH score at the final follow-up was 4.2 &plusmn; 1.8, reflecting excellent functional recovery. Pain relief was complete, with all patients reporting a VAS score of 0. ROM restoration was highly satisfactory, achieving 93&ndash;98% of contralateral wrist motion. Radiographic evaluations confirmed 100% fracture consolidation with no cases of malunion or nonunion. Complications were minimal, with only two patients experiencing transient soft tissue discomfort, managed conservatively. No tendon irritation or hardware-related complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Volar locking plate fixation for intra and extra-articular distal radius fractures demonstrated excellent clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes in this cohort of 34 patients. The low-profile design and anatomical contouring of modern plates minimized complications while promoting effective pain relief and rapid functional recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"186-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of predictive factors for conception after saline infusion sonosalpingography.","authors":"Dalal Ramadhan, Marwa Al-Rasheedy, Luma Alsarraj","doi":"10.17392/2021-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2021-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>For evaluation of predictive factors of sponataneous conception after saline infused sonosalpingography (SIS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective study was conducted from August 2023 to December 2024 at reproductive medial unit&nbsp; at Mosul/Iraq. &nbsp;100 women were recruited and categorized in to &nbsp;two groups: pregnant after SIS &nbsp;&nbsp;and non pregnant after SIS , for achievement of&nbsp; conception, the two groups were followed for 6 months duration and their clinical characteristics were compared .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group where &nbsp;polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) positive ladies were included show the duration of infertility for &nbsp;positive pregnancy test &nbsp;ladies was&nbsp; &le; 2 years in 58% versus&nbsp; 42% &gt; 2 years (p=0.0001),the history of cesarean section(CS) shows significant difference between pregnant and non pregnant (p=0.11). time to get pregnant after Saline -enhanced sonography &nbsp;shows 79% &le; 2 months versus 21% &gt; 2 months. the PCOS &nbsp;variable shows significant difference between pregnant women and non (p=0.037),the incidence of &nbsp;pregnancy was 24% markedly &nbsp;higher in first 2 months after doing the SIS equal to 79% , anti-mullerian hormone( AMH) didn&rsquo;t show significant difference While in the group where PCOS positive ladies were excluded show the duration of infertility for pregnant ladies was&nbsp; &le; 2 years in 66.7% versus&nbsp; 33.3% &gt; 2 years (p=0.001),the history of CS shows considerable &nbsp;difference between pregnant and non pregnant (p=0.034). time neded to get pregnant after SIS shows 60% &le; 2 months versus 40% &gt; 2 months.,the pregnancy rate was 21.1% and notably higher in first 2 months after excuting &nbsp;hydrosalpingography equall to 60%&nbsp; ,AMH&nbsp; show significant difference in pregnant was 1.5ng/ml versus 1.2 in non Conclusion: The current study declare that SIS has positive effect on spontaneous conception this is must true in first two months after &nbsp;doing the SIS and it encourage considering expectant management for ladies with briefer duration of infertility, good ovarian capacity and less pelvic operation history.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and big data applications in chronic disease management: clinical outcomes, challenges, and future directions.","authors":"Sana'a Abu-Qbeitah, Muayyad Ahmad","doi":"10.17392/2061-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2061-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To synthesize applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data in chronic disease management, evaluate clinical and economic outcomes, challenges, and future directions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and CINAHL for studies published between 2015-2025, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251036828). Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed empirical, narrative, and systematic studies focused on AI and big data in chronic diseases care. Twelve studies were appraised using validated appraisal tools appropriate to each the study design, which conducted across clinical, technological and public health setting, reflecting application of AI and big data in hospital, digital health platform and diseases management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI models achieved predictive accuracies between 88%-96% across diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular conditions. Outcomes included a 25% reduction in readmissions, a 30% decrease in CKD progression, and a 25% improvement in treatment adherence. Technologies included machine learning, electronic health record integration, wearable devices, and multi-omics platforms. Major challenges identified were data fragmentation, bias, and regulatory gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AI and big data offer transformative potential for chronic disease management from early prediction to personalized treatment, but realizing this requires addressing data fragmentation, ethical and privacy concerns, and ensuring equity and accountability through transparent, explainable AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cognitive impairments on the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Aida Šehanović, Suljo Kunić, Anida Šehanović, Dževdet Smajlović, Emir Tupković, Omer Ć Ibrahimagić","doi":"10.17392/1984-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/1984-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the impact of cognitive impairments on various domains of quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 135 MS patients and 50 healthy controls. Participants were divided into three groups: patients with MS for more than one year (n=85), newly diagnosed MS patients (n=50), and healthy individuals (n=50). Neurocognitive assessments included the Mini-Mental State Examination, Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Revised Beta Test, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Audio-Verbal Learning Test, and the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cognitive impairments were present in 40&ndash;60% of MS patients, with memory dysfunctions being the most prominent (30&ndash;60%). Longer disease duration was associated with poorer visuospatial, visuoconstructive, and attention-related abilities. Patients also showed reduced logical and working memory. Quality of life was significantly lower in MS groups compared to controls, with a notable correlation between cognitive impairment and decreased MMSE scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive impairments in MS patients, particularly those affecting memory, executive functioning, and attention, significantly reduce quality of life. Cognitive testing should be considered essential in assessing disease severity and treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"124-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An animal model in rat for secondary osteoporosis: the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, low calcium diet, and immobilization on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels.","authors":"Panji Sananta, Respati Suryanto Dradjat, Istan Irmansyah Irsan, Andhika Yudistira, Aditya Rosid Dwi Anwar","doi":"10.17392/2081-23-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17392/2081-23-01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Osteoporosis is a global health concern, characterized by reduced bone density, microarchitectural changes, and an increased risk of fractures. The prevalence of osteoporosis is rising, particularly in developing countries. In Indonesia, the incidence of upper femur fractures due to osteoporosis is notably high. As human studies are limited, animal models are crucial for investigating osteoporosis, with several methods used to induce the condition. This study proposes an alternative model using leuprolide acetate, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, combined with a low-calcium diet and immobilization, to induce secondary osteoporosis in animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study employed a post-test-only control group design with 12 groups of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Three control groups received no treatment, while nine experimental groups were administered leuprolide acetate along with a low-calcium diet and immobilization. The study measured tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels in rat bone tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increase in TRACP-5b and decrease in PINP levels were observed on days 21, 28, and 35 in the treated groups. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The experimental model successfully demonstrated a reliable and reproducible method for inducing secondary osteoporosis. Elevated TRACP-5b and reduced PINP levels indicate increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity resulting from excessive bone remodelling. The combination of leuprolide acetate, a low-calcium diet, and immobilization is an effective and alternative method for inducing secondary osteoporosis in experimental animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":51129,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Glasnik","volume":"23 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}