Journal of Pain最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric properties of performance based tests in patients with Fibromyalgia: A systematic review","authors":"José Luis Socorro-Cumplido ,&nbsp;Joaquim Chaler ,&nbsp;Miriam Almirall ,&nbsp;Judith Sánchez-Raya ,&nbsp;Mireia Cano ,&nbsp;Blanca Roman-Viñas","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibromyalgia (FM) impacts patients’ health status, functioning and quality of life. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning require reliable, valid and responsive measures of these domains. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of performance based tests (PBTs) in FM and to quantify the availability of reliable, valid and responsive PBTs linked to key International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories related to functional impact. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist, and four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched. Eligible studies contained information on population, intervention (assessment), and outcomes (PBTs and their psychometric properties). The risk of bias and the methodological quality were assessed according to the COSMIN criteria. Twenty-two studies evaluating twenty-six PBTs were included. PBTs were linked to five ICF categories: exercise tolerance, muscle power and muscle endurance and changing basic body position and walking. The psychometric properties assessed were reliability, validity and responsiveness. The 6 min walking test was the most often assessed PBT with moderate quality of evidence for reliability, and very good methodological quality for validity. Overall, the methodological quality for reliability was rated as doubtful with very low to moderate evidence, for validity we found very good methodological quality with low to high evidence. No studies investigated criterion validity, and construct validity and responsiveness were seldom determined. Clinicians assessing FM patients should carefully select PBTs. Future research on PBTs psychometrics in FM should follow COSMIN recommendations, ensuring control of symptom variability.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This review confirms that the current understanding of the psychometric properties of PBTs for FM patients is limited, hindered by heterogeneous tests and insufficient evidence, complicating outcome comparisons across studies. This gap underscores the need for future research to enhance methodological quality and address missing ICF categories related to FM.</div></div><div><h3>Registered protocol at Prospero</h3><div>Registration number: CRD42022380709</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 104749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are some people more susceptible to placebos? A systematic review and meta-analysis of inter-individual variability in musculoskeletal pain","authors":"Tobias Saueressig PT, Dipl.-Vw ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Owen PhD (A/Prof.) ,&nbsp;Hugo Pedder PhD (Dr) ,&nbsp;Svenja Kaczorowski PT, MSc ,&nbsp;Clint T. Miller PhD (Dr) ,&nbsp;Lars Donath PhD (Prof.) ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Belavý PhD (Prof.)","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing data suggest placebo responses to treatments are small, but some people may be more likely to respond. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on interindividual variability in response to placebo interventions MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to September 2023. Trial registry searches, citation tracking, and searches for prior systematic reviews were completed. The PEDro scale assessed study quality. Random effects robust variance estimation estimated the log variability ratio (VR), identifying subgroups with varying responses. Twenty-six studies were included, comprising various musculoskeletal pain conditions. Analysis of pain intensity (VR: 1.06, 95%-confidence interval (CI):[0.97; 1.16], 95%-prediction interval (PI):[0.75; 1.51], p = 0.17, k = 26 studies, N = 52 outcomes, GRADE: low), physical function (VR: 1.14, 95%-CI:[0.97; 1.34], 95%-PI:[0.62; 2.11], p = 0.11, k = 19, N = 40, GRADE: low), and health-related quality of life (VR: 1.14, 95%-CI:[0.91; 1.41], 95%-PI:[0.72; 1.80], p = 0.19, k = 7, N = 13, GRADE: low) outcomes revealed minimal, non-statistically significant variability in placebo response compared to control. However, wide prediction intervals suggest uncertainty regarding individual response patterns. There are likely no distinct subgroups of people who are more likely to respond to placebo interventions in musculoskeletal pain; although the available data limits the certainty of this assessment. Future work should consider individual participant data meta-analyses to better elucidate potential responder subgroups and optimize treatment strategies for musculoskeletal pain.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This study systematically reviewed and analyzed RCTs to assess interindividual variability in placebo responses for musculoskeletal pain. Findings suggest minimal variability in placebo response, with no distinct subgroups more likely to respond. Wide prediction intervals indicate uncertainty, highlighting the need for future individual participant data meta-analyses to better elucidate potential responder subgroups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 104745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture in postoperative recovery: Exploring individual differences, long-term effects, and synergistic approaches","authors":"Ningyuan Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104742","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 104742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood disadvantage and pain-related experiences in a pain psychology clinic: The mediating roles of pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear","authors":"Fenan S. Rassu Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Kavya Bhattiprolu ,&nbsp;Claudia M. Campbell ,&nbsp;Stephen T. Wegener ,&nbsp;Rachel V. Aaron","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage, measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and pain-related variables in a pain psychology clinic. We also examined the sequential mediating roles of pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear on these relationships. Participants (N = 509) completed questionnaires assessing usual pain intensity, fatigue, emotional distress, and interference with daily activities. The mean ADI score was 32.57 (SD = 22.65), with scores ranging from 1 to 100. Linear regression analysis, adjusting for age and gender, revealed that higher ADI (i.e., less advantage) was significantly associated with higher scores on pain-related variables (pain intensity: B = 0.026, p &lt; .001; fatigue: B = 0.018, p &lt; .001; emotional distress: B = 0.020, p &lt; .001; interference with daily activities: B = 0.014, p = .006). Sequential mediation analysis revealed pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear mediated these relationships, with significant indirect effects for fatigue (B = 0.001, 95% CI [0.000, 0.002]) and interference with daily activities (B = 0.001, 95% CI [0.001, 0.003]) — but not pain intensity or emotional distress. Pain catastrophizing alone mediated neighborhood disadvantage-pain relationship for all variables. The results suggest that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with higher scores on pain-related experiences and that consistent with the fear avoidance model, pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear may play a role in these relationships for fatigue and interference with daily activities. These findings underscore that neighborhood disadvantage is associated with worse pain-related experiences and highlight the importance of considering neighborhood factors in chronic pain management.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This study identifies potential pathways linking neighborhood disadvantage to chronic pain variables, highlighting the roles of pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to pain management that recognizes both individual cognitive-emotional factors and the broader social context in which pain occurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 104744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical phenotype and management of sound-induced pain: Insights from adults with pain hyperacusis","authors":"Kelly N. Jahn ,&nbsp;Sean Takamoto Kashiwagura ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saad Yousuf","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pain hyperacusis, also known as noxacusis, causes physical pain in response to sounds that do not bother most people. How sound causes excruciating pain that can last for weeks or months is not well understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of the condition, 32 adults attended a virtual focus group to describe their sound-induced pain. Focus group data were used to develop three follow-up surveys that aimed to identify the most common symptoms of pain hyperacusis as well as the participants’ use of therapies for pain relief. All participants endorsed negative effects of pain hyperacusis on psychosocial and physical function. Most reported sound-induced burning (80.77%), stabbing (76.92%), throbbing (73.08%), and pinching (53.85%) sensations that occur either in the ear or elsewhere in the body. Participants have used numerous pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions to alleviate their pain with varying degrees of pain relief. Benzodiazepines and nerve blockers emerged as the most effective analgesic options while non-pharmaceutical therapies were largely ineffective. Symptoms and therapeutic approaches were generally consistent with peripheral mechanistic theories of pain hyperacusis (e.g., trigeminal nerve involvement). An interdisciplinary approach to clinical studies and the development of animal models are needed to identify and treat the pathological mechanisms of pain hyperacusis.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This article presents the physical and psychosocial consequences of debilitating sound-induced pain (i.e., pain hyperacusis) and the interventions that sufferers have sought for pain relief. The results are largely consistent with peripheral mechanistic theories (e.g., trigeminal nerve involvement) and will guide future work to investigate neural mechanisms and effective therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 104741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-person relationships between catastrophizing and pain intensity during a mind-body intervention to prevent persistent pain and disability after acute traumatic orthopedic injury","authors":"Madelyn R. Frumkin ,&nbsp;Julie R. Brewer ,&nbsp;Julia E. Hooker ,&nbsp;Kate N. Jochimsen ,&nbsp;Ana-Maria Vranceanu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interventions aimed at preventing chronic pain after acute traumatic injury have significant potential to reduce healthcare expenditures and improve quality of life for millions of individuals. Given recent development of such interventions, limited research has examined mechanisms of change using repeated measures (e.g., session-by-session assessments). This study examines <em>within-person</em> relationships between pain catastrophizing and intensity during and after a four-session mind-body intervention for individuals with acute traumatic orthopedic injury (<em>N</em> = 76, <em>T</em> = 445). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to examine within-person autoregressive, contemporaneous, and cross-lagged effects between pain catastrophizing and pain intensity, after accounting for stable between-person differences. Our primary hypothesis that improvements in catastrophizing would be associated with subsequent reductions in pain intensity was partially supported by a significant within-person cross-lagged effect between catastrophizing at post-test and pain with activity reported at three-month follow-up (β = 0.421, SE = 0.099, p &lt; .001). Improvement in catastrophizing was also associated with same-session improvement in pain intensity midway through the intervention. Importantly, bidirectional within-person analyses allowed us to rule out the possibility that improvements in pain were responsible for subsequent improvements in catastrophizing, but not vice versa. Together, these findings suggest improvements in catastrophizing during psychosocial intervention may prevent transition from acute to chronic pain after injury. Future research with larger between-person sample sizes, more frequent within-person assessment, and comparable control group data is necessary to facilitate greater understanding of psychosocial mechanisms for preventing chronic pain after injury.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This study examines within-person relationships between pain catastrophizing and intensity during and after a four-session mind-body intervention to prevent persistent pain after acute traumatic orthopedic injury. Improved catastrophizing at post-test was associated with reduced pain with activity at three-month follow-up. Within-person analyses enhance understanding of psychosocial mechanisms for preventing chronic pain after injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The association between smoking, chronic pain, and prescription opioid use: 2013-2021” [J Pain 26 (2025) 104707]","authors":"William Encinosa PhD ,&nbsp;Didem Bernard PhD ,&nbsp;R. Burciaga Valdez PhD, MHSA","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104734","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing individual sensitivity to the Thermal Grill Illusion: A two-dimensional adaptive psychophysical approach","authors":"Camila Sardeto Deolindo ,&nbsp;Jesper Fischer Ehmsen ,&nbsp;Arthur S. Courtin ,&nbsp;Alexandra G. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Camilla E. Kraenge ,&nbsp;Niia Nikolova ,&nbsp;Micah G. Allen ,&nbsp;Francesca Fardo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Thermal Grill Illusion (TGI), the spatial alternation of non-noxious warm and cool temperatures elicits burning sensations that resemble the presence of noxious stimuli. Previous research has largely relied on the use of specific temperature values (i.e., 20 °C and 40 °C) to study this phenomenon in both healthy individuals and patient populations. However, this methodology fails to account for inter-individual differences in thermal sensitivity, limiting the precision with which TGI responses can be evaluated across diverse populations. To address this gap, we created a Two-Dimensional Thermal Grill Calibration (2D-TGC) protocol, enabling an efficient and precise estimation of the combinations of warm and cool temperatures needed to elicit burning sensations tailored to each individual. By applying the 2D-TGC protocol in 43 healthy participants, we demonstrated that the TGI can be thresholded using an adaptive psychophysical method, and that multiple combinations of warm and cool temperatures can elicit this phenomenon. More specifically, the protocol facilitated the identification of temperature combinations that elicit TGI with varying levels of probability, intensity, and perceived quality ranging from freezing cold to burning hot. Finally, our results indicate that TGI responsivity can be quantified as a continuous variable, moving beyond the conventional classification of individuals as responders vs. non-responders based on arbitrary temperature values in the innocuous temperature range. The 2D-TGC offers a comprehensive approach to investigate the TGI across populations with altered thermal sensitivity, and can be integrated with other methods (e.g., neuroimaging) to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for perceptual illusions in the thermo-nociceptive system.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This study reveals that the Thermal Grill Illusion can be accurately measured using psychophysical methods. The innovative Two-Dimensional Thermal Grill Calibration protocol allows for personalized temperature assessments, enhancing our understanding of thermal sensitivity variations and perceptual illusions in the thermo-nociceptive system across different populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 104732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaphorical markers of pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and pain interference in people with chronic pain","authors":"Jasmine Heath Hearn Dr ,&nbsp;Imogene Munday Dr ,&nbsp;Stella Bullo Dr ,&nbsp;Kris Rogers Dr ,&nbsp;Toby Newton-John Dr ,&nbsp;Ian Kneebone Dr","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metaphor to communicate chronic pain can reflect psychological appraisals of pain, and its impact, and may be beneficial in enhancing understanding of pain, its aetiology, and facilitating communication and shared decision-making. This cross-sectional study examined metaphor use and relationships with pain intensity, pain interference, mood, and pain catastrophizing. Seventy participants with chronic pain completed measures of depression, anxiety and stress, the Brief Pain Inventory, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. They provided descriptions of their pain through metaphor and a primary condition related to their pain. Pain catastrophizing significantly predicted frequency of metaphor use (<em>R</em>² =.07, <em>F</em>(1, 62)= 4.55, <em>p</em> = .041). More frequent use of metaphor was correlated with pain catastrophizing (<em>r =</em> .29, <em>p =</em> .03), rumination (<em>r =</em> .26, <em>p =</em> .05), magnification (<em>r =</em> .28, <em>p =</em> .03), helplessness (<em>r =</em> .28, <em>p =</em> .04), depression (<em>r =</em> .30, <em>p =</em> .02), and pain interference (<em>r =</em> .30, <em>p =</em> .02). Metaphors relating pain to physical damage were significantly associated with anxiety (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.35, <em>p =</em> .02) and magnification (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.57, <em>p</em> = .02). Metaphors referring to pain as caused by an external agent were significantly associated with depression (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.23, <em>p =</em> .04) and pain duration (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.11, <em>p</em> = .04). The findings indicate that there may be specific metaphorical markers of psychological and pain-related outcomes in the language used by people with chronic pain. Appreciation of metaphor may facilitate enhanced patient-provider communication and support for people with chronic pain.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>People with chronic pain can use metaphorical expressions to communicate their experiences. This study found that pain interference, depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing are reflected in metaphor use by people with chronic pain. In particular, pain catastrophizing was significantly predictive of more frequent metaphor use, demonstrating the reflection of pain catastrophizing in language.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the representativeness of a cohort study of low back pain: Using electronic health record data to make direct comparisons of study participants with non-participants from the study population","authors":"Pradeep Suri MD, MS ,&nbsp;Adrienne D. Tanus ,&nbsp;Ian Stanaway ,&nbsp;Hazel Scott ,&nbsp;Hannah F. Brubeck ,&nbsp;Bianca Irimia ,&nbsp;Clinton J. Daniels ,&nbsp;Mark P. Jensen ,&nbsp;Sean D. Rundell ,&nbsp;Andrew K. Timmons ,&nbsp;Daniel Morelli ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Heagerty","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Representativeness is an important component of generalizability. Few studies have rigorously examined the representativeness of randomized trials or observational studies of pain or musculoskeletal conditions with regards to a wide range of factors beyond age, sex, race, and ethnicity. We conducted the first study of a pain condition that uses individual-level data to directly compare the enrolled study sample to the population from which it was drawn. We used electronic health record data from the Veterans Affairs health system to compare participants in an observational study of low back pain (n = 417) with the study population of potentially eligible non-participants who were contacted about the study (n = 15,218). There were no statistically significant differences between participants and non-participants for most factors examined, and differences when present were of small or very small magnitude. Participants were more likely to be older (odds ratio [OR]=1.02 per each additional year of age [95 % CI 1.01–1.03], p &lt; 0.001), women (OR=1.59 [95 % CI 1.26–2.01], p &lt; 0.001), have had a prior diagnosis of lumbosacral radicular syndrome (OR=1.37 [95 % CI 1.08–1.74], p = 0.01), and report lower pain intensity (OR=0.96 per NRS point [95 % CI 0.93–1.00], p = 0.04). Current smokers (OR=0.54 [95 % CI 0.39–0.75], p &lt; 0.001) and people of Asian descent (OR=0.62 [95 % CI 0.39–0.98], p &lt; 0.001) were less likely to participate. This study illustrates an approach to directly compare research participants with non-participants from the study population. This approach can be considered as a standard method to examine the representativeness of study samples in pain research.</div></div><div><h3>Perspective</h3><div>This article illustrates how electronic health record data can be used to directly compare the representativeness of participants in a study of pain to the study population from which participants were selected. This approach should be considered as a standard method to examine the representativeness of study samples during reporting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51095,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pain","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 104730"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}