Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第7页

Conditioned taste aversion as instrumental punishment. 作为工具惩罚的条件性味觉厌恶。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-07-01 Epub Date: 2013-04-29 DOI: 10.1037/a0031822

Kuang-Chu Li, Sigmund Hsiao, Jay-Shake Li

{"title":"Conditioned taste aversion as instrumental punishment.","authors":"Kuang-Chu Li, Sigmund Hsiao, Jay-Shake Li","doi":"10.1037/a0031822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031822","url":null,"abstract":"Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is traditionally viewed as an instance of pavlovian conditioning. This interpretation rests on the lack of an instrumental contingency between the tastant and the gastric malaise in a standard procedure of CTA. To investigate a role for instrumental punishment in CTA, we present 2 tastants sequentially (\"sucrose then NaCl\" or \"NaCl then sucrose\") in a daily alternating and counterbalanced order to rats with an explicit positive contingency between the dosage of the lithium chloride (LiCl) administered and the amount of 1 tastant drunk on that trial. In the beginning of experiment, rats suppressed their intake of both tastants. With the increase of conditioning trials, rats gradually learned to resume the intake of noncontingent solution while selectively suppressing the intake of LiCl-contingent solution. This selective suppression in CTA is the first report indicating that rats are sensitive to the subtle cues related to the covariations between the magnitude of stimulus and the magnitude of responses in a punishment paradigm involving a long delay between the gustatory stimulus of tastant ingestion and the aversive effect of LiCl injection.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0031822","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31393986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Extinction of reinstated or ABC renewed fear responses renders them resistant to subsequent ABA renewal. 恢复或ABC更新的恐惧反应的消失使它们抵抗随后的ABA更新。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-07-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1037/a0031986

Nathan M Holmes, R Frederick Westbrook

{"title":"Extinction of reinstated or ABC renewed fear responses renders them resistant to subsequent ABA renewal.","authors":"Nathan M Holmes, R Frederick Westbrook","doi":"10.1037/a0031986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031986","url":null,"abstract":"Three experiments used an ABA renewal paradigm to study deepening of response loss produced by extinction of reinstated or ABC renewed fear responses. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with two stimuli, S1 and S2, in context A and extinguished to S1 in context B and S2 in context C, shocked in B but not in C, and subjected to additional extinction of S1 in B and S2 in C. Rats froze less to S1 than S2 when subsequently tested in A. In Experiments 2 and 3, following training of S1 and S2 in A, one group received extinction of S1 in B and S2 in C followed by extinction of S1 in C and S2 in B. This group froze less to S1 in A or to S2 in a novel context, D, than a group always extinguished to S1 in B and S2 in C or a group extinguished to both S1 and S2 in B and C. These results show that additional extinction of a conditioned stimulus (conditional stimulus [CS]) exhibiting either reinstatement or ABC renewal renders that CS resistant to ABA renewal. They are consistent with theories that allow a role for context in extinction learning and that use error-correction mechanisms to update this learning.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0031986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31426407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Associative models of instrumental learning: a response to Dupuis and Dawson. 工具性学习的联想模型:对Dupuis和Dawson的回应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0033348

Noam Miller, Sara J Shettleworth

引用次数: 5

Blocking and associability change. 阻塞和关联性改变。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-07-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1037/a0032254

Peter M Jones, Mark Haselgrove

{"title":"Blocking and associability change.","authors":"Peter M Jones, Mark Haselgrove","doi":"10.1037/a0032254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032254","url":null,"abstract":"Blocking of learning about a conditioned stimulus (the \"blocked\" cue) occurs when it is trained alongside an additional stimulus (the \"blocking\" cue) that has been previously presented with the outcome. A number of theories (e.g., N. J. Mackintosh. 1975a. A Theory of Attention: Variations in the Associability of Stimuli With Reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82, 276-298; J. M. Pearce & G. Hall. 1980. A Model for Pavlovian Learning: Variation in the Effectiveness of Conditioned But Not Unconditioned Stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 532-552) account for this attenuation in learning by proposing that attention paid to the blocked cue is restricted. In three experiments, we examined the associability of both blocked and blocking cues. In Experiment 1, rats were trained with a blocking protocol before being given a test discrimination composed of two components; one of these components required the use of the previously blocked cue as a discriminative stimulus, and the other component was soluble by using the blocking cue. To our surprise, the component that depended on the blocked cue was more readily solved than the component dependent on the blocking cue. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 suggest that this is due to the quantity of exposure that each stimulus received during initial training. Implications for theories of blocking, and more widely associative learning, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0032254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31426406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Within-compound associations explain potentiation and failure to overshadow learning based on geometry by discrete landmarks. 复合内关联解释了增强和失败的遮蔽学习基于几何离散的标志。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-07-01 Epub Date: 2013-04-29 DOI: 10.1037/a0032525

Joe M Austen, Yutaka Kosaki, Anthony McGregor

{"title":"Within-compound associations explain potentiation and failure to overshadow learning based on geometry by discrete landmarks.","authors":"Joe M Austen, Yutaka Kosaki, Anthony McGregor","doi":"10.1037/a0032525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032525","url":null,"abstract":"In three experiments, rats were trained to locate a submerged platform in one of the base corners of a triangular arena above each of which was suspended one of two distinctive landmarks. In Experiment 1, it was established that these landmarks differed in their salience by the differential control they gained over behavior after training in compound with geometric cues. In Experiment 2, it was shown that locating the platform beneath the less salient landmark potentiated learning based on geometry compared with control rats for which landmarks provided ambiguous information about the location of the platform. The presence of the more salient landmark above the platform for another group of animals appeared to have no effect on learning based on geometry. Experiment 3 established that these landmark and geometry cues entered into within-compound associations during compound training. We argue that these within-compound associations can account for the potentiation seen in Experiment 2, as well as previous failures to demonstrate overshadowing of geometric cues. We also suggest that these within-compound associations need not be of different magnitudes, despite the different effects of each of the landmarks on learning based on geometry seen in Experiment 2. Instead, within-compound associations appear to mitigate the overshadowing effects that traditional theories of associative learning would predict.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0032525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31485382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Modeling human sequence learning under incidental conditions. 偶然条件下人类序列学习建模。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0031922

F Yeates, F W Jones, A J Wills, R P McLaren, I P L McLaren

{"title":"Modeling human sequence learning under incidental conditions.","authors":"F Yeates, F W Jones, A J Wills, R P McLaren, I P L McLaren","doi":"10.1037/a0031922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031922","url":null,"abstract":"This research explored the role that associative learning may play in human sequence learning. Two-choice serial reaction time tasks were performed under incidental conditions using 2 different sequences. In both cases, an experimental group was trained on 4 subsequences: LLL, LRL, RLR, and RRR for Group \"Same\" and LLR, LRR, RLL, and RRL for Group \"Different,\" with left and right counterbalanced across participants. To control for sequential effects, we assayed sequence learning by comparing their performance with that of a control group, which had been trained on a pseudorandom ordering, during a test phase in which both experimental and control groups experienced the same subsequences. Participants in both groups showed sequence learning, but the group trained on \"different\" learned more and more rapidly. This result is the opposite that predicted by the augmented simple recurrent network used by F. W. Jones and I. P. L. McLaren (2009, Human sequence learning under incidental and intentional conditions, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, Vol. 35, pp. 538-553), but can be modeled using a reparameterized version of this network that also includes a more realistic representation of the stimulus array, suggesting that the latter may be a better model of human sequence learning under incidental conditions.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0031922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31358623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

A further assessment of the Hall-Rodriguez theory of latent inhibition. 霍尔-罗德里格斯潜在抑制理论的进一步评估。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0031724

Hiu Tin Leung, A S Killcross, R Frederick Westbrook

{"title":"A further assessment of the Hall-Rodriguez theory of latent inhibition.","authors":"Hiu Tin Leung, A S Killcross, R Frederick Westbrook","doi":"10.1037/a0031724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031724","url":null,"abstract":"The Hall-Rodriguez (G. Hall & G. Rodriguez, 2010, Associative and nonassociative processes in latent inhibition: An elaboration of the Pearce-Hall model, in R. E. Lubow & I. Weiner, Eds., Latent inhibition: Data, theories, and applications to schizophrenia, pp. 114-136, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press) theory of latent inhibition predicts that it will be deepened when a preexposed target stimulus is given additional preexposures in compound with (a) a novel stimulus or (b) another preexposed stimulus, and (c) that deepening will be greater when the compound contains a novel rather than another preexposed stimulus. A series of experiments studied these predictions using a fear conditioning procedure with rats. In each experiment, rats were preexposed to 3 stimuli, 1 (A) taken from 1 modality (visual or auditory) and the remaining 2 (X and Y) taken from another modality (auditory or visual). Then A was compounded with X, and Y was compounded with a novel stimulus (B) taken from the same modality as A. A previous series of experiments (H. T. Leung, A. S. Killcross, & R. F. Westbrook, 2011, Additional exposures to a compound of two preexposed stimuli deepen latent inhibition, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, Vol. 37, pp. 394-406) compared A with Y, finding that A was more latently inhibited than Y, the opposite of what was predicted. The present experiments confirmed that A was more latently inhibited than Y, showed that this was due to A entering the compound more latently inhibited than Y, and finally, that a comparison of X and Y confirmed the 3 predictions made by the theory.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0031724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31358622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Changing room cues reduces the effects of proactive interference in Clark's Nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana. 改变房间线索可减少克拉克胡桃钳（Nucifraga columbiana）主动干扰的影响。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0031979

Jody L Lewis, Alan C Kamil, Kate E Webbink

引用次数: 0

Overshadowing of geometry learning by discrete landmarks in the water maze: effects of relative salience and relative validity of competing cues. 水迷宫中离散标志对几何学习的遮蔽:竞争线索的相对显著性和相对效度的影响。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-04-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-18 DOI: 10.1037/a0031199

Yutaka Kosaki, Joe M Austen, Anthony McGregor

{"title":"Overshadowing of geometry learning by discrete landmarks in the water maze: effects of relative salience and relative validity of competing cues.","authors":"Yutaka Kosaki, Joe M Austen, Anthony McGregor","doi":"10.1037/a0031199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031199","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of stimulus salience and cue validity in the overshadowing of geometric features of an enclosed arena by discrete landmarks were investigated in rats using the water maze paradigm. Experiment 1 established that in a rhomboid-shaped arena, the acute corner was more salient than the obtuse corner. In Experiment 2, rats were trained to find a submerged platform either in one of the acute, or obtuse, corners. In addition to the information provided by corner angle, the platform was also signaled by the presence of a spherical landmark suspended above the platform for rats in the experimental group. The landmark was a more valid cue for predicting the location of the platform than the angle of the corner. This training resulted in overshadowing of learning about the angle of the corner by the presence of the landmark. The final experiment extended this result by showing that when the predictive validities of the angle and the landmark were matched in the experimental group, learning about geometry was still overshadowed by the presence of landmarks, but only in animals that were trained with the platform at an obtuse, but not acute, corner. These results uniquely demonstrate that learning about geometry can be overshadowed by discrete landmarks, and also that whether overshadowing is observed depends on the stimulus salience and the relative validity of the competing cues. These findings imply that learning based on geometric cues follows the same basic rules that apply to a wide range of other learning paradigms.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0031199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31248686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Improved spontaneous object recognition following spaced preexposure trials: evidence for an associative account of recognition memory. 间隔曝光前试验后自发性物体识别的改善:识别记忆关联解释的证据。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-04-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-18 DOI: 10.1037/a0031344

Emma Whitt, Jasper Robinson

引用次数: 14