{"title":"Blocking and overshadowing in human geometry learning.","authors":"Jose Prados","doi":"10.1037/a0020715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a two-dimensional computer-based search task, human participants were required to learn the location of a goal by using the geometric information available on the screen. When the goal location was defined by two shapes that differed in salience, the more salient shape overshadowed learning based on the less salient shape but not the other way round. Furthermore, when one shape was pretrained as a signal for the location of the goal, learning about the geometric cues of the other shape was blocked. These results suggest that spatial learning based on geometry is ruled by associative principles and support learning models that do not invoke a special status for geometric cues (e.g., Miller & Shettleworth, 2007).</p>","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"121-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0020715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40079765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trial and intertrial durations in Pavlovian conditioning: issues of learning and performance.","authors":"K M Lattal","doi":"10.1037/0097-7403.25.4.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.25.4.433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four experiments assessed the effects of trial (T) and intertrial (I) durations on magazine approach behavior in rats. In Experiments 1 and 2, different groups of animals were conditioned with various combinations of I and T durations. The rate of acquisition, in terms of the number of trials required to reach various acquisition criteria, generally was faster in groups trained with large I:T ratios. There also were differences in rate of acquisition and terminal response rates between groups trained with identical I:T ratios but with different absolute I and T durations. Differences evident at the end of conditioning persisted during a common test with various combinations of I and T durations. Experiments 3 and 4 provided a more specific test of the predictions of 2 general classes of theories and found results that were consistent with those theories that characterize group differences as indicative of differences in learning, rather than in performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"433-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/0097-7403.25.4.433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26944880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}