Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第5页

A three-component model of relational responding in the transposition paradigm. 转置范式中关系反应的三分量模型。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000004

Olga F Lazareva, Michael E Young, Edward A Wasserman

{"title":"A three-component model of relational responding in the transposition paradigm.","authors":"Olga F Lazareva, Michael E Young, Edward A Wasserman","doi":"10.1037/xan0000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000004","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new model of transposition behavior that involves 3 predictors: (a) the disparity in generalized associative strength from the previously reinforced and nonreinforced stimuli (g) to the stimuli in the testing pair; (b) relational disparity (r), the difference in the logarithmically scaled sensory values of the testing stimuli; and (c) familiarity (f), the inverse of the Euclidean distance from the testing pair to the nearest training pair in 2-dimensional stimulus space. We evaluated the model with pigeons as subjects and with circle diameter (Experiment 1) and speed of motion (Experiment 2) as sensory dimensions. In each experiment, we presented 1, 2, or 3 training pairs as well as a wide range of testing pairs, including those comprising nonadjacent training stimuli. The control that was exerted by g did not depend on the number of training pairs and predicted behavior better than r and f after 1-pair training. In contrast, the influence of r increased dramatically with an increase in the number of training pairs. The contribution of f depended on the stimulus domain: When circle area was used (Experiment 1), the influence of f was similar to r; however, when speed of motion was used (Experiment 2), f had no discernible effect on pigeons' behavior. In sum, our results suggest that pigeons' transposition behavior is affected by both reinforcement history (g) and the relation between the experimental stimuli (r and f); our model provides a principled means for assessing the relative contribution of each predictor to choice behavior.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/xan0000004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31786537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Dissociations in the effect of delay on object recognition: evidence for an associative model of recognition memory. 延迟对物体识别的影响中的解离:识别记忆的联想模型的证据。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000003

Shu K E Tam, Jasper Robinson, Dómhnall J Jennings, Charlotte Bonardi

{"title":"Dissociations in the effect of delay on object recognition: evidence for an associative model of recognition memory.","authors":"Shu K E Tam, Jasper Robinson, Dómhnall J Jennings, Charlotte Bonardi","doi":"10.1037/xan0000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000003","url":null,"abstract":"Rats were administered 3 versions of an object recognition task: In the spontaneous object recognition task (SOR) animals discriminated between a familiar object and a novel object; in the temporal order task they discriminated between 2 familiar objects, 1 of which had been presented more recently than the other; and, in the object-in-place task, they discriminated among 4 previously presented objects, 2 of which were presented in the same locations as in preexposure and 2 in different but familiar locations. In each task animals were tested at 2 delays (5 min and 2 hr) between the sample and test phases in the SOR and object-in-place task, and between the 2 sample phases in the temporal order task. Performance in the SOR was poorer with the longer delay, whereas in the temporal order task performance improved with delay. There was no effect of delay on object-in-place performance. In addition the performance of animals with neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus was selectively impaired in the object-in-place task at the longer delay. These findings are interpreted within the framework of Wagner's (1981) model of memory.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31703606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Relative salience versus relative validity: cue salience influences blocking in human associative learning. 相对显著性与相对效度:提示显著性影响人类联想学习中的阻塞。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000006

Mike E Le Pelley, Tom Beesley, Oren Griffiths

引用次数: 21

The effect of a prior investment on choice: the sunk cost effect. 先前投资对选择的影响:沉没成本效应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000007

Paula Magalhães, K Geoffrey White

{"title":"The effect of a prior investment on choice: the sunk cost effect.","authors":"Paula Magalhães, K Geoffrey White","doi":"10.1037/xan0000007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000007","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of prior investment on choice in pigeons, namely, the sunk cost effect, which is a tendency to continue an endeavor once a prior investment has been made, despite a better option being available. In a concurrent-chains procedure, pigeons chose between left and right keys in the choice phase leading to different work requirements in the outcome phase. Within each session, two components were signaled by red or green keys in the choice phase. Components were identical, except that in red components, the choice was preceded by a prior investment of 20 pecks on the left key, whereas in green components, the investment of 20 pecks was on the right key. Preference for the key with the prior investment was studied in a series of experiments in which we manipulated the absence or presence of the investment (Experiments 1a and 1b) and size of the investment (Experiments 2 and 3). We also investigated whether the bias observed was a result of carryover effects or of the sunk cost effect (Experiment 4). Overall, the results showed that choice was biased toward the alternative associated with the prior investment, consistent with the sunk cost effect, an effect that can be understood in terms of within-trial contrast and the delay-reduction hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/xan0000007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32392988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Persistence in extinction: the sunk time effect. 灭绝中的坚持:沉没时间效应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000009

Paula Magalhães, K Geoffrey White

{"title":"Persistence in extinction: the sunk time effect.","authors":"Paula Magalhães, K Geoffrey White","doi":"10.1037/xan0000009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xan0000009","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the sunk time effect, persistence in a nonpreferred option owing to prior investment of time in that option. Pigeons chose between two concurrently available keys-2 fixed-interval (FI) food requirements were arranged on 1 key, and an escape option, which terminated the current trial and started a new one, on a second key. One FI was longer than the other, and the shorter FI was always more probable on any given trial. In most conditions, the different FI schedules were not signaled. In this situation, the optimal behavior would be for pigeons to escape from the long FI once the duration equivalent to the short FI had elapsed without reinforcement. Several variables that could influence persistence or escape behavior were manipulated: the presence and absence of cues signaling the type of trial in effect (Experiments 1 and 2), extinction in the long interval (Experiments 3, 4, and 5), the intertrial-interval duration (Experiments 5 and 6), and the duration of the FI schedules (Experiments 1-6). Overall, the results showed that pigeons tend to persist and finish the current trial, even with extinction in the long interval, a result consistent with the sunk time effect.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/xan0000009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32392989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Editorial explaining the change in name of this journal to Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition. 解释本刊更名为《实验心理学杂志:动物学习与认知》的社论。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000015

Ralph R Miller

引用次数: 0

Suboptimal choice by pigeons may result from the diminishing effect of nonreinforcement. 鸽子的次优选择可能是非强化效应递减的结果。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/xan0000010

Jennifer R Laude, Jessica P Stagner, Thomas R Zentall

{"title":"Suboptimal choice by pigeons may result from the diminishing effect of nonreinforcement.","authors":"Jennifer R Laude, Jessica P Stagner, Thomas R Zentall","doi":"10.1037/xan0000010","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xan0000010","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeons prefer an alternative that provides them with a stimulus 20% of the time that predicts 10 pellets of food and a different stimulus 80% of the time that predicts 0 pellets, over an alternative that provides them with a stimulus that always predicts 3 pellets of food, even though the preferred alternative provides them with considerably less food. It appears that the stimulus that predicts 10 pellets acts as a strong conditioned reinforcer, despite the fact that the stimulus that predicts 0 pellets occurs 4 times as often. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that early in training conditioned inhibition develops to the 0-pellet stimulus, but later in training it dissipates. We trained pigeons with a hue as the 10-pellet stimulus and a vertical line as the 0-pellet stimulus. To assess the inhibitory value of the vertical line, we compared responding to the 10-pellet hue with responding to the compound of the 10-pellet hue and the vertical line early in training and once again late in training, using both a within-subject design (Experiment 1) and a between-groups design (Experiment 2). We found that there was a significant reduction in inhibition between the early test (when pigeons chose optimally) and late test (when choice was suboptimal). Thus, the increase in suboptimal choice may result from the decline in inhibition to the 0-pellet stimulus. Implications for human gambling behavior are considered.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330565/pdf/nihms-555621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32392987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Renewal effects in interference between outcomes as measured by a cued response reaction time task: further evidence for associative retrieval models. 由提示反应反应时间任务测量的结果间干扰的更新效应:联想检索模型的进一步证据。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-10-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1037/a0033528

Pedro L Cobos, Estrella González-Martín, Sergio Varona-Moya, Francisco J López

引用次数: 5

Does constraining field of view prevent extraction of geometric cues for humans during virtual-environment reorientation? 在虚拟环境重定向过程中，限制视场是否会阻止人类提取几何线索?

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-10-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0032543

Bradley R Sturz, Zachary A Kilday, Kent D Bodily

{"title":"Does constraining field of view prevent extraction of geometric cues for humans during virtual-environment reorientation?","authors":"Bradley R Sturz, Zachary A Kilday, Kent D Bodily","doi":"10.1037/a0032543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032543","url":null,"abstract":"Environment size has been shown to influence the reliance on local and global geometric cues during reorientation. Unless changes in environment size are produced by manipulating length and width proportionally, changes in environment size are confounded by the amount of the environment that is visible from a single vantage point. Yet, the influence of the amount of the environment that is visible from any single vantage point on the use of local and global geometric cues remains unknown. We manipulated the amount of an environment that was visually available to participants by manipulating field of view (FOV) in a virtual environment orientation task. Two groups of participants were trained in a trapezoid-shaped enclosure to find a location that was uniquely specified by both local and global geometric cues. One group (FOV 50°) had visually less of the environment available to them from any one perspective compared to another group (FOV 100°). Following training, we presented both groups with a control test along with three novel-shaped environments. Testing assessed the use of global geometry in isolation, in alignment with local geometry, or in conflict with local geometry. Results (confirmed by a follow-up experiment) indicated that constraining FOV prevented extraction of geometric properties and relationships of space and resulted in an inability to use either global or local geometric cues for reorientation.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0032543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31546797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Pigeons use low rather than high spatial frequency information to make visual category discriminations. 鸽子使用低而不是高的空间频率信息来进行视觉类别区分。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2013-10-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.1037/a0033104

Stephen E G Lea, Guido De Filippo, Ruth Dakin, Christina Meier

引用次数: 7