Journal of Experimental Agriculture International最新文献

{"title":"Management of Sunflower Necrosis and Sunflower Leaf Curl Diseases by Using Insecticides","authors":"Poornima, V. N. Ghante, Vikas V. Kulakarni, Umesh M.R.","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i72552","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment on management of Sunflower Necrosis and Sunflower Leaf Curl disease was conducted for three years during rabi season at Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur. The experiment was planned with seven treatments (six insecticides and one untreated) in three replications for three successive years i.e., rabi 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19. The insecticides used were imidacloprid 17.8 SL, fipronil 5 SC, triazophos 40 EC, diafenthiuron 50 WP, flonicamid 50 WG and spiromesifen 24 SC. For six treatments (T1 to T6) seed treatment was done with imidacloprid 600 FS and for T7 was maintained without seed treatment. Pooled analysis revealed that the treatment T4 :(Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS@ 5ml/kg seed+ foliar spray with Flonicamide 50WG @ 0.25g/l at 30, 45 and 60 DAS recorded the lesser Sunflower necrosis and Sunflower leaf curl incidence of 4.21% and 4.54% respectively with higher yield of 1630 kg/ha, which is followed by the treatment T5 : (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600FS @ 5ml/kg seed + foliar spray with Diafenthiuron 50 wp  @ 1gm/lit at 30, 45 and 60 DAS) recorded Sunflower necrosis and Sunflower leaf curl incidence of 6.34% and 7.06% respectively with higher yield of 1560 kg/ha and both were at par. Both the treatments recorded B:C ratio of 1.76 and 1.59 respectively. Higher incidence of Sunflower necrosis and Sunflower leaf curl 10.70% and 18.46% respectively and lower yield of 968.4 kg/ha was recorded in untreated control.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of INM on Growth Indices, Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)","authors":"Jagrati Chauhan, Sharad Pandey, Anupama Rawat, Anjana Chauhan, Pallavi Bhatt","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62530","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at farmers field in Haridwar district of Uttarakhand during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz. control (T1), 100 % RDF (T2), FYM @ 10 t/ha (T3), VC @ 5t/ha (T4), 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10t/ha (T5), 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha (T6), 50 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha (T7), 50 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha (T8), 50 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha + VC @ 5t/ha (T9), 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T10), 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11). The treatments were replicated thrice and were laid out in randomized block design (RBD). Wheat variety used for the experimentation was PBW 343. The net plot size was 5 m X 5 m and crop spacing was 20cm between rows. The results reported that wheat crop with the application of 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11) performed better in terms of growth parameters and yield under field condition compared to some of the treatments. Significantly higher B: C (2.9) ratio was calculated for 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11). Percent increase of 5.5 % and 3.6 % was recorded during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively in grain yield with the application of 75 % RDF + VC @ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB (T11) over 100 % RDF (T2). Maximum net returns were estimated in treatment T10 (75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB) of Rs. 97288 and Rs. 102005  followed by treatment T11 (75 % RDF + VC@ 5 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB) during both the years. Sowing on 20th November with GW 451 produced the highest returns and benefit-cost ratio. These results suggest that combined application of 75 % RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha+ Azospirillum + PSB or 75 % RDF + FYM @ 10 t/ha+ Azotobacter + PSB is effective to get higher yield net return in wheat cultivation, providing valuable insights for farmers and researchers.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Hybrid Tea Roses (Rosa x hybrida) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions","authors":"Raja Bundela, U. Fatmi","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62528","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, from November, 2022 to March, 2023. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with fifteen hybrids, replicated thrice. It was reported that hybrid H4 (Fatura)  performed better in parameters like plant height (71.2 cm), number of branches (5), stalk length (35.10 cm), stalk girth (5.4 mm), bud diameter (2.7 cm),  number  of cut flowers per plant (5), vase life of the cut flowers (11 days), number  of cut flowers per hectare (1,02,040), gross return (Rs 5,10,200 per ha), net return (Rs -2,36,354 per ha) and benefit cost ratio (0.7:1). However, days taken to first bud initiation (36 days) and days taken to first bud initiation to tight bud stage (13 days) were better in hybrid H5 (Brazil). Hence for quality cut flower production, vase life, yield, and economics, hybrid Fatura performed better under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tillage Practices and Fertilization Levels on Nutrient Uptake and Content in Grain and Straw of Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System","authors":"Rohit Yadav, R. A. Yadav, M. Siddiqui, Sanjeev Kumar, Mohit Yadav, Sanjay Babu, Yogesh Kumar, R. Sachan","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62529","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, CSAUAT, during rabi 2021-22 and 2022-23. The experiment was laid out into Split plot design with three replicates. The parameters were observed plant viz. nitrogen content in grain and straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1), phosphorus content in grain and straw (%), phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1), potassium content in grain and straw (%), nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (kg ha-1). Basis on the pooled data the results of study revealed that in case of tillage practices maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw (1.80 and 0.53%), Nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (93.34 and 36.26 kg ha-1). Phosphorus content in grain and straw (0.31 and 0.20%) Phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (16.23 and 13.80 kg ha-1), Potassium content in grain and straw (0.42 and 1.38%), Potassium uptake in grain and straw (22.15 and 93.88 kg ha-1) respectively was reported in conventional tillage whereas in case of various fertility levels maximum nitrogen content in grain and straw (1.83 and 0.59%), Nitrogen uptake in grain and straw (100.31 and 35.06 kg ha-1). Phosphorus content in grain and straw (0.35 and 0.25%) Phosphorus uptake in grain and straw (18.16 and 16.63 kg ha-1) respectively, Potassium content in grain and straw (0.45 and 1.41%), Potassium uptake in grain and straw (24.97 and 101.03 kg ha-1) respectively with the application of 125% RDF+ tebunconzole.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resources Use Efficiency of Cut Roses Farming in Karnataka, India","authors":"S. K. M., Ganeshagouda I. Patil, C. G. Yadava, G. M.D., G. G. M., Srinivasalu, G.B., .. Raghavendra","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62527","url":null,"abstract":"The flowers represent the most sensitive, delicate and loving feelings that ours words cannot portray. In India, roses are an essential and popular flower. It is an ornamental herb planted for its visually appealing and long-lasting blossoms. India has ample sunshine, plenty of land and the availability of skilled labour, all of which contribute to our ability to cultivate flowers in various locations. The cut flower growing farmers were selected from the Bengaluru rural districts of Karnataka by employing the simple random sampling techniques. The Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to determine the resource use efficiency of rose farming in Karnataka. The results reveals that land, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), fertilizer and labour contributed positively to the flower production, while farmers followed closer spacing and used more Plant Protection Chemicals (PPC). FYM and human labour were the most significantly influencing variables in protected rose cultivation. However, PPC was negative but non-significant. The ratio of Marginal Value of Product to Marginal Factor Cost (MVP to MFC) showed that FYM, fertilizers and human labour were under-utilized in open-field cultivation, suggesting potential for higher use. In protected conditions, there is a scope to increase FYM, fertilizers and human labour to optimize returns from cut rose production. However, land use, planting materials and plant protection chemicals should be reduced to optimize returns in protected conditions. Reorganizing expenditure among resources based on MVP to MFC ratios is necessary to optimize rose production. This includes reducing the use of PPC and following wider spacing in open-field cultivation. India's rose farming industry can benefit from increased efficiency and resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"37 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Nutrient Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): An Overview","authors":"Jag Mohan, Neha Negi, Babita Bharti","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62526","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is one of the major staple crops in the country in terms of both production and consumption. It is the nation's second-most significant food, after maize, in terms of calories consumed. Nutritious characteristics of wheat farming have been extensively researched and extensively recorded. Research being conducted in several parts of Ethiopia has shown that applying chemical fertilisers to achieve all the necessary nutrients has a detrimental effect on soil health, resulting in yields that are not sustainable. Therefore; there is a need to improve nutrient supply system in terms of integrated nutrient management involving the use of chemical fertilizers in conjunction with organic manures coupled with input through biological processes. However, the impact of important nutrients on crop physiology and their function on growth, quality, yield, and yield components of cereal crops—particularly wheat—are hardly in this level. Above all, the administration of essential nutrients to plants in the right amount and light ratio for a particular soil crop condition plays a crucial role in balanced fertilizer's ability to improve wheat production's yield, quality, and other characteristics. In association with this, research on integrated nutrient management in wheat and its effect on growth, yield, yield components and quality parameters are significance.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"104 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study Evaluated the Potential Viability of Seeds from Various Types of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Girish Goyal, Shwetank Shukla, Shubham Kumar Srivastava, Anand Kumar Diwakar, S. K. Tripathi, Jitender Bhati, P. Saini","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62525","url":null,"abstract":"Rice, a crucial staple crop for global food security, requires efficient production to meet the nutritional needs of an expanding population. Seed vigour is a crucial aspect of seed quality, and ANDUAT has introduced rice cultivars designed for the agricultural terrain of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology in India. This approach aims to improve seed vigour and quality in response to changing agro-climatic conditions. The study used a completely randomised design to assess seed vigour using various metrics such as electrical conductivity, field emergence, radicle emergence time, mean germination time, germination percentage, speed of emergence, shoot length, root length, days to first count, and days to final count. The study's findings revealed that rice types were categorized into three based on seed vigour. Eleven seeds showed varying levels of seed vigour potential, ranging from high to medium to low, NDR-359, IR-64, Damini, Sarjoo-52, Nagina-22, DRR-44, Barani Deep, Varalu, Lalat, NDR-2065 and NDR-2064. The study provides eleven categories for informed decision-making in seed management and cultivation, highlighting the suitability of high-vigor varieties for direct planting and improving agricultural yield.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"30 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Urea Types in Minimizing Leaching Loss to Maximizing Its Use Efficiency","authors":"Vijayakumari Raveendra Channavar, Ashoka K R, Jakir Hussain K N, Nitin C Tongali, V. B. Santhkumar, Jagadeesh B R","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62523","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to investigate the behavior of nitrogen (N) when different types of urea fertilizers are used in Alfisol. Traditional chemical fertilizers have a low N use efficiency, around 30 to 35 percent, posing a significant challenge for improvement. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of urea coated with various materials compared to regular urea and prilled urea, focusing on how they affect N release dynamics and leaching losses. Results showed that urea coated with certain materials, such as CSPC @3% and neem-coated urea, resulted in lower levels of NH4+-N in the leachate compared to conventional and prilled urea. Specifically, CSPC @3% exhibited a gradual release pattern, with NH4+-N levels decreasing from 55.00 to 54.00 µg between the 0th and 50th day of leachate collection (DLC). Moreover, NO3--N levels were lowest in CSPC @3%, ranging from 17.71 to 31.00 µg during the same DLC period. These findings suggest that uncoated urea undergoes hydrolysis upon application, leading to conversion into various forms of nitrogen, including available, ammonical and nitrate. However, nitrate despite being present in smaller quantities is particularly susceptible to leaching losses. Therefore, the use of coated urea formulations like CSPC @3% and neem-coated urea can help minimize such losses, thus enhancing nitrogen use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization, Physico-chemical and Organoleptic Evaluation of Value added Ready-To-Serve (RTS) Beverage from Starfruit","authors":"Sreejitha S. Pillai, S. Topno, Vijay Bahadur","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62522","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to develop a ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage from starfruit value added with ginger, mint, aloe vera, lemon grass, basil and rosemary with the objective of assessing the physico-chemical and organoleptic properties. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and three replications. Based on the results of assessment, it has been concluded that treatment T1 (Starfruit Juice + Ginger Juice 2%) performed best in terms of physico-chemical properties viz. pH, acidity, TSS, vitamin C, reducing sugar and total sugar. On the basis of sensory evaluation, treatment T1 (Starfruit juice + Ginger Juice 2%) was found most acceptable in terms of organoleptic properties viz. colour, taste, flavour and overall acceptability.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"111 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides against Anthracnose of Betelvine (Piper betle L.)","authors":".. Mouna H. N., S. D. Ekabote, .. Ramesh A. N., .. Anagha G., .. Ravichandra","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62521","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Betelvine is important commercial crop and the most profitable among all cultivated crops, which plays a vital role in the overall livelihood security of farm families. Diseases are the major yield constraints of crop plants. One of the most serious fungal diseases of dragon fruit is anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species. Since less information available on anthracnose of betel vine, this study was undertaken. \u0000Methods: The efficacy of non-systemic, systemic and combination fungicides were tested against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using poisoned food technique (Vincent 1947) under in vitro condition. Six non-systemic fungicides  Chlorothalonil 75% WP, Captan 50% WP, Mancozeb 75% WP, Copper oxychloride 50% WP, Propineb 70% WP and Copper hydroxide 53.8% at (250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm), six systemic fungicides Hexaconazole 5% EC, Propiconazole 25 % EC, Azoxystrobin 25% SC, Tebuconazole 25.9% EC, Difenaconazole 25% EC and Picoxystrobin 22.5% SC at (100ppm, 150ppm, 250ppm) and six combi fungicides Propiconazole 13.9% + Difenoconazole 13.9% EC, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG, Fluropyram 200 g/L + Tebuconazole 200 g/L SC, Fluxopyroxad 250 g/l + pyraclostrobin 250g/L, Fluopyram 250 g/L + Trifloxystrobin 250 g/L SC, Azoxystrobin 16.7% + Tricyclazole 33.3% SC at  (150 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm) were evaluated. \u0000Results: Among six non-systemic fungicides evaluated against C. gloeosporioides which was obtained from the isolated sample and results revealed that the Copper hydroxide gave 69.90 % inhibition which was superior over all other fungicides evaluated and least inhibition was recorded with Mancozeb 40.30%. Difenconazole, Tebuconazole were the best systemic fungicides found best with inhibition % of 98.28 and 95.17 when evaluated against C. gloeosporioides. Out of the six evaluated combination products, propiconazole + difenconazole exhibited the highest inhibition rate at 99.78 %. Following closely, Fluopyram 200 g/L + Tebuconazole 200 g/L SC and Tebuconazole 50% EC + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG displayed inhibition rates of 89.47% and 87.50 % respectively.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"101 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}