Journal of Experimental Agriculture International最新文献

{"title":"Selection of Tropical Inbred Lines for Yield and Morpho-agronomical Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Swargam Vaishnavi, V. Swarnalatha, D. Bhadru, B. Mallaiah","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82716","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine the genetic parameters and the magnitude of association between yield and morpho-agronomical traits to improve the efficiency of selection in further crossing programme for high density planting. \u0000Study Design: Randomized Block Design with two replications. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Maize Research Centre, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in Kharif 2023. \u0000Methodology: The present investigation was carried out to asses correlation, cause and cause effect relationship among 52 maize tropical inbred lines for the morpho-agronomical traits such as Number of leaves above the ear, Number of leaves below the ear, Tassel branch number, Tassel main axis length (cm), Plant height (cm), Ear height (cm), Leaf angle, Leaf length, Leaf width, Total number of leaves per plant which influences the leaf and stem architecture of maize. \u0000Results: Results suggested that traits like plant height, total number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, No. of Kernels per row, No. of rows per cob and shelling percent were important for selection of genotypes as these traits recorded moderate to high range of GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance over mean and exhibited positive significant correlations along with direct effects on yield/cob for some of the mentioned traits. So, these traits were taken into consideration for selection of promising inbred lines GP88, PFSR29, PFSR32, PFSR51, BML6, BML20 among 52 genotypes for further crossing programme.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"79 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Combined Application of Treated Sewage Sludge and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Attributes of Maize Crop (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Sowmya G, Shailaja K, P. K, Revathi P","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82715","url":null,"abstract":"In present day scenario the production wastes has increased tremendously to point where its disposal is a concern. The sewage sludge generated from sewage treatment plants (STP) contains nutrients which are beneficial to plants. Due to these beneficial qualities, it can be used for agricultural purpose. The purpose of the conducted study was to know the effect of combined application of sewage sludge along with inorganic fertilizers on yield of maize crop. Randomized block design involving 10 treatments and 3 replications was adopted for the study. The experiment was carried out from October 2023 to February 2024 at college farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The T10 (100% RDF+5 t ha-1 ss) treatment showed significant results when compared with T2 (100% RDF) treatment.  The results obtained revealed that application of sewage sludge along with inorganic fertilizers (T10=100% RDF+5 t ha-1 ss) showed significant results when compared to application of inorganic fertilizers alone. The significantly highest grain yield, grain weight cob-1, no. of grains cob-1 and no. of seed rows cob-1 were observed in T10 (100% RDF+5 t ha-1 ss) treatment followed by T9 (100% RDF+ 2.5 t ha-1 ss), T8 (75 % RDF + 5 t ha-1 ss) and T2 (100% RDF). According to the results obtained, sewage sludge can be used as source of nutrients for agricultural application by reducing the quantities of inorganic fertilizers and also reduces resource consumption for disposal of sewage sludge.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"72 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Economic Dynamics of Rice (Oryza sativa l.) Cultivation: An Experimental Study of Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Yekula Deepak, A. Renukadevi, S. Porpavai, K. L. Harika, M. S. V. R. Teja","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82717","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment on rice treatments to improve soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India during the rabi season, 2021-2022 with an objective to assess the economic dynamics of rice crop in combination to green manure crops. The experiment consists of ten treatments of rice which were sown on 9th September 2021 after harvesting of kharif crop in sandy loam soils. The results revealed that incorporating green manure crops along with rice yielded higher paddy output compared to the traditional rice-only practice. The highest test weight (24.1 g) was recorded under the treatment T3-Rice+Dhaincha (5:1) which was statistically on par with T4-Rice+Dhaincha (10:1). The Harvest index recorded highest (0.45) for the treatments T3-Rice+Dhaincha (5:1) and T8-Rice (Co 52). The economics of the experiment were worked and the cost of cultivation (Rs. 51500), gross income (Rs. 123487), net income (Rs. 71987), and benefit-cost ratio (2.40) were recorded highest in T3-Rice+Dhaincha (5:1) variety. Additionally, the results unveiled a substantial correlation between grain yield and economic indicators. Notably, grain yield demonstrated a significant association, reaching a significance level of 95%, with both gross income and net income. Furthermore, an impressive positive correlation, significant at the 99% level, was identified between grain yield and two essential yield traits: test weight and harvest index. These findings underscore the potential of incorporating green manure crops in rice farming to enhance soil fertility, boost crop productivity, and ensure economic viability, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Marketing Channels of Papaya in Middle Gujarat, India","authors":"Viraj Shekhaliya, Snehal Mishra","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82713","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the marketing channels, price spread, and constraints faced by papaya producer and intermediaries in the middle Gujarat region, specifically in the districts of Vadodara, Anand, and Ahmedabad. A total of 150 farmers, 25 papaya wholesalers, and 25 papaya retailers were surveyed randomly using structured questionnaires to collect data on marketing channels, price spread, and constraints faced. Three main marketing channels were identified: Channel I (Farmer – Pre-harvest contractor – Wholesaler cum commission Agent – Retailer – Consumer), Channel II (Farmer – Wholesaler cum commission Agent – Retailer – Consumer), and Channel III (Farmer – Retailer – Consumer). The study reveals that Channel III is the most efficient and beneficial for papaya farmers, offering the highest net price, the lowest price spread, and the best marketing efficiency. Price spreads were notably high in Channel I at Rs. 5000 per quintal, compared to Rs. 4670 per quintal in Channel II and a significantly reduced Rs. 2835 per quintal in Channel III. Constraints faced by papaya producers include disease and pests especially viral attacks, uncertain weather conditions, and high initial investment. Wholesalers and retailers face challenges related to transportation, wastage/spoilage, and lack of storage facilities. The findings suggest that adopting Channel III can enhance profitability for papaya farmers and improve the efficiency of the marketing chain. The study identifies the need for optimizing marketing channels and addressing constraints to ensure fair profit distribution and marketing of papaya.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"19 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth Regulators in Abiotic Stress Resilience of Plants: A Review","authors":"M. Madhumitha, V. Sundaram","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82714","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the global demand for vegetables has surged alongside population growth. However, biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly hinder seed germination, growth and yields. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) acting as chemical messengers are crucial in regulating plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Key phytohormones like abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid play pivotal role in stress responses of vegetable crops. These hormones enable plants to sense and adapt to adverse conditions such as drought, salinity and extremities of temperatures. Through enzyme activation and hormone synthesis, plants enhance their resilience to stressors.  The growth regulators initiate/activate a cascade event either on their own or by evolving a cross - talk within them that final recruits various transcription factors those in turn activate or suppress a variety of genes. The vital role of PGRs in mitigating stress impacts on vegetable crops, highlighting their potential in agricultural sustainability in future.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"30 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Grain Legumes in Enhancing Soil Health and Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Practices: A Review","authors":"Kallem Kalyan, Deshraj Gurjar, Bijendra Kumar, Tammineni Varun Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82712","url":null,"abstract":"It is commonly acknowledged that sustainable agricultural practices are essential, and that diversifying cropping systems is crucial to reaching this objective. Legumes made of grains are essential to farming systems because they provide benefits for both income creation and the security of food and nutrition. Legume-based cropping systems can help with a variety of agricultural issues, such as controlling pests and diseases, improving soil fertility, preserving biodiversity, and reducing food poverty. The function of legumes in sustainable agricultural systems is covered in this chapter, with an emphasis on the benefits of incorporating legumes into various agroecosystems and farming techniques. Legumes boost the potential for crop productivity, offering a calculated response to poor crop yields and assisting in the transition to more environmentally friendly farming methods. Additionally, due to their health and environmental benefits, it is crucial to focus on breeding grain legumes that optimize their natural ability for biological nitrogen fixation and thrive despite abiotic and biotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and pathogen and insect infestations.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Carrot Root Borer, Melanagromyza sp. in Carrot Dacus carota L","authors":"N. Ramesha, Chava Asritha, C. Rafee, M. Hegde, S. Hiremath","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82710","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during rabi/summer 2021-22 at Nagaral village of Ron taluka in Gadag district, Karnataka to identify the appropriate causal agent for carrot root damage and to assess the field efficiency of different insecticide molecules against agromyzid fly, Melanagromyza sp. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated thrice. The crop was cultivated during 1st January 2022 as per the recommended package of practices except the insect protection measures. Observation on per cent infestation by agromyzid fly was recorded in each treatment by adopting a destructive sample technique from 40 days after sowing to 100 days after sowing. Per cent damage and yield parameters were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Result indicated that highest reduction of agromyzid fly damage over untreated control was recorded in treatment with soil application with chlorantraniliprole 0.4% GR @ 10 kg/ha at 35 DAS (71.86% reduction over control) and soil application with fipronil 0.3 % GR @ 20 kg/ha at 35 DAS with 69.10 per cent reduction over control. These are followed by seed treatment with cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% @10 ml/kg, seed treatment with thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 10 ml/kg, seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 10ml/kg and soil drenching with chlorpyriphos 20% EC @ 3 ml/l at 35 DAS, these treatments registered a maximum reduction of agromyzid fly viz., 69%, 58.03%, 56.79% and 58.03%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Subsidies on farm Profitability and Sustainability","authors":"Nikita Mishra, Anjali Tiwari, Milind D. Joshi, Gaurav, Dhirendra Kumar, Vipin Kumar Misra","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82711","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural subsidies have been a contentious topic in the global discourse on farm profitability and sustainability. This article explores the impact of agricultural subsidies on farm profitability and sustainability across the world, with a specific focus on Asia and India. The study employs a comprehensive literature review and data analysis to assess the effectiveness of various subsidy programs in promoting agricultural productivity, income stability, and environmental sustainability. The findings suggest that while subsidies have contributed to increased farm output and income in the short term, their long-term impact on profitability and sustainability remains questionable. In many cases, subsidies have led to overproduction, market distortions, and environmental degradation, undermining the overall sustainability of agricultural systems. The article highlights the need for a more targeted and efficient approach to agricultural support, one that prioritizes resource conservation, climate resilience, and rural development. It also emphasizes the importance of investing in research and development, infrastructure, and extension services to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the agricultural sector. The study concludes by recommending a gradual shift from input subsidies to more decoupled support measures, such as direct income support and agri-environmental schemes, to align agricultural policies with profitability and sustainability goals. The findings of this article have significant implications for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in the agricultural sector, as they seek to develop more effective and sustainable support mechanisms for farmers worldwide.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"43 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability of Heading Time and Grain Yield of 12 Open Pollinated Sorghum Varieties across Different Agro-ecological Zones in Burkina Faso","authors":"N. Ouédraogo, A. P. Sawadogo, Moustapha Koala, Issouf Kouraogo, B. Nebié, Vernon Gracen","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82709","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum is the most important crop grown in Burkina Faso and is a staple food for millions of people in rural areas. However, sorghum grain production is mainly from local varieties which are low yielding. Introduced exotic varieties were high yielding but low adopted due to bad grain quality for local dishes. Therefore, it is important to popularize new varieties that meet farmer’s needs. We assessed the agronomic performance and stability of 12 sorghum varieties in different agro-ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Studies were conducted in one location (Kamboinse research station) during 2022 and in six locations (Farako-Bâ, Kamboinse, Fada, Sabou, Zoula and Andemtenga) during rainy season 2023. Twelve sorghum varieties including checks (Kapelga, ICSV 1049) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with genotypes as studied factors. Agromorphological parameters along with midge damage and number of Striga plants were collected in all the sites. Genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interactions were significant for heading time and grain yield. The varieties had different heading times and different grain yields within environments and across the six environments. The GGE biplot discriminated the study areas into a unique mega-environment for heading time and three mega-environments for yield potential. The majority of varieties yielded more than the average sorghum yield in sub-Sahara Africa, however low yielding varieties were found in environments affected by biotic and abiotic constraints. Some high yielding varieties (Sariaso 43 = 3960.94 kg/ha, 014-SB-EPDU-1004 = 3681.64kg/ha, Sariaso 42 = 3478,52 kg/ha and Sariaso 39 = 3427.73 Kg/ha) were clearly identified in constraintless mega-environments of Kamboinse and Farako-Ba. In conclusion, the GGE biplot analysis revealed that Sariaso 43 was the best genotype that combined suitable heading time and high grain yield across environments. The best performing genotypes for heading time were Sariaso 39 and PR3009B for grain yield. Identified high yielding varieties will be submitted for released and cultivation in suitable agro climatic areas.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"99 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Different Plant Densities and Fertilizer Levels on Yield Attributes, Yield and Fibre Quality Characters of Bt Cotton in HDPS","authors":"Hemalatha G, Nagabhushanam U, Veeranna G., Ramulu. Ch","doi":"10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82706","url":null,"abstract":"Adopting a high-density planting system in cotton cultivation has resulted in increased yields compared to traditional methods. Despite the clear benefits, farmers face various challenges throughout the cultivation process, from sowing to harvesting. However, selecting appropriate plant spacings, fertilizer levels and implementing tailored cultivation techniques can significantly enhance productivity. A field experiment was conducted at Siddapur research farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana, India during kharif 2023 to investigate the “Impact of different plant densities and fertilizer levels on yield attributes, yield and fibre quality characters of cotton in high density planting system (HDPS)”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (factorial) and replicated thrice, consisting of 12 treatment combinations comprising of three plant spacings S1: 80 x 20 cm (62,500 plants ha-1), S2: 90 x 15 cm (74,074 plants ha-1), S3: 90 x 60 cm in factor I and four fertilizer levels (F1: 100%RDF, F2: 125%RDF, F3: 100%RDF + Microbial consortia, F4: Control) in factor II. Both the factors significantly influenced the number of bolls per plant, number of bolls m-2 and seed cotton yield per hectare. The results revealed that higher no. of bolls plant-1 were recorded in 90 x 60 cm (18,518 plants ha-1) however, higher no. of bolls m-2, seed cotton yield (2233 kgha-1) obtained from higher plant density (74,074 plants ha-1) with the spacing 90 x 15 cm. Boll weight was not significantly influenced by varied plant spacings and fertilizer levels. Among the different levels of fertilizer, 125%RDF recorded highest no. of bolls per plant, no. of bolls m-2 and seed cotton yield (2362 kgha-1). Fibre quality characters viz., Upper half mean length(mm), micronaire(µginch-1), tenacity(gtex-1) and uniformity index (%) were not significantly influenced by both plant spacings and fertilizer levels as they are primarily governed by genetic makeup of cotton genotypes. For optimum seed cotton yield, cotton should be sown at closer spacing 90 x 15 cm and the application of 125%RDF was economically feasible in high density planting system.","PeriodicalId":510783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Agriculture International","volume":"125 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}