S. Ferraris, M. Miola, A. Bistolfi, G. Fucale, M. Crova, A. Massè, E. Verné
{"title":"In Vitro Comparison between Commercially and Manually Mixed Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements","authors":"S. Ferraris, M. Miola, A. Bistolfi, G. Fucale, M. Crova, A. Massè, E. Verné","doi":"10.5301/JABB.2010.6068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/JABB.2010.6068","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the differences and, eventually, of the advantages or disadvantages of manual formulations with respect to industrial ones. Methods Medical-grade bone cements (Palacos R® and Palacos LV®), based on poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and used clinically in several cemented prosthetic devices were manually enriched with gentamicin sulphate during preparation and then compared with a commercially-available, antibiotic-loaded cement (Palacos R+G®) by means of an in vitro antibacterial test (inhibition zone evaluation). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences and advantages or disadvantages, if any, of manual formulations compared to commercial ones. The use of a different antibiotic (vancomycin) alone or in addition to gentamicin-containing bone cements was also considered. Results and Conclusion The commercial formulation produces an inhibition zone that is a bit larger and more regular than the manually mixed preparation. The vancomycin halo is smaller but clearer than the gentamicin halo. The addition of vancomycin to gentamicin-containing bone cements does not significantly increase the halo dimensions but could be an interesting strategy in the prevention of multiple and resistant infections.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 1","pages":"166 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/JABB.2010.6068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70590682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teresa Russo, Antonio Gloria, Vincenzo D-Antò, Ugo D'Amora, Gianluca Ametrano, Flavia Bollino, Roberto De Santis, Giovanni Ausanio, Michelina Catauro, Sandro Rengo, Luigi Ambrosio
{"title":"Poly(ε-caprolactone) reinforced with sol-gel synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid fillers as composite substrates for tissue engineering.","authors":"Teresa Russo, Antonio Gloria, Vincenzo D-Antò, Ugo D'Amora, Gianluca Ametrano, Flavia Bollino, Roberto De Santis, Giovanni Ausanio, Michelina Catauro, Sandro Rengo, Luigi Ambrosio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The importance of polymer-based composite materials to make multifunctional substrates for tissue engineering and the strategies to improve their performances have been stressed in the literature. Bioactive features of sol-gel synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone)/TiO₂ or poly(ε-caprolactone)/ZrO₂ organic-inorganic hybrid materials are widely documented. Accordingly, the aim of this preliminary research was to develop advanced composite substrates consisting of a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix reinforced with sol-gel synthesized PCL/TiO₂ or PCL/ZrO₂ hybrid fillers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Micro-computed tomography and atomic force microscopy analyses allowed to study surface topography and roughness. On the other hand, mechanical and biological performances were evaluated by small punch tests and Alamar Blue™ assay, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Micro-computed tomography and atomic force microscopy analyses highlighted the effect of the preparation technique. Results from small punch tests and Alamar Blue™ assay evidenced that PCL reinforced with Ti2 (PCL=12, TiO₂=88 wt%) and Zr2 (PCL=12, ZrO₂=88 wt%) hybrid fillers provided better mechanical and biological performances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PCL reinforced with Ti2 (PCL=12, TiO₂=88 wt%) and Zr2 (PCL=12, ZrO₂=88 wt%) hybrid fillers could be considered as advanced composite substrates for hard tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 3","pages":"146-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29685470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Ferraris, Marta Miola, Alessandro Bistolfi, Giacomo Fucale, Maurizio Crova, Alessandro Massé, Enrica Verné
{"title":"In vitro comparison between commercially and manually mixed antibiotic-loaded bone cements.","authors":"Sara Ferraris, Marta Miola, Alessandro Bistolfi, Giacomo Fucale, Maurizio Crova, Alessandro Massé, Enrica Verné","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the differences and, eventually, of the advantages or disadvantages of manual formulations with respect to industrial ones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical-grade bone cements (Palacos R® and Palacos LV®), based on poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and used clinically in several cemented prosthetic devices were manually enriched with gentamicin sulphate during preparation and then compared with a commercially-available, antibiotic-loaded cement (Palacos R+G®) by means of an in vitro antibacterial test (inhibition zone evaluation). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences and advantages or disadvantages, if any, of manual formulations compared to commercial ones. The use of a different antibiotic (vancomycin) alone or in addition to gentamicin-containing bone cements was also considered.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The commercial formulation produces an inhibition zone that is a bit larger and more regular than the manually mixed preparation. The vancomycin halo is smaller but clearer than the gentamicin halo. The addition of vancomycin to gentamicin-containing bone cements does not significantly increase the halo dimensions but could be an interesting strategy in the prevention of multiple and resistant infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 3","pages":"166-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29685474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Fuentes, V. Sáenz de Viteri, A. Igartua, R. Martinetti, L. Dolcini, G. Barandika
{"title":"Structural Characterization and Mechanical Performance of Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds and Natural Bones: A Comparative Study","authors":"E. Fuentes, V. Sáenz de Viteri, A. Igartua, R. Martinetti, L. Dolcini, G. Barandika","doi":"10.5301/JABB.2010.6092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/JABB.2010.6092","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The knowledge of the mechanical response of bones and their substitutes is pertinent to numerous medical problems. Understanding the effects of mechanical influence on the body is the first step toward developing innovative treatment and rehabilitation concepts for orthopedic disorders. Methods This was a comparative study of 5 synthetic scaffolds based on porous calcium phosphates and natural bones, with regard to their microstructural, chemical, and mechanical characterizations. The structural and chemical characterizations of the scaffolds were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The mechanical characterization of bones and bone graft biomaterials was carried out through compression tests using samples with noncomplex geometry. Results Analysis of the chemical composition, surface features, porosity, and compressive strength indicates that hydroxyapatite-based materials and trabecular bone have similar properties.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"46 1","pages":"159 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/JABB.2010.6092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70590783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila F Borgognoni, Marina J S Maizato, Adolfo A Leirner, Bronislaw Polakiewicz, Marisa M Beppu, Olga Z Higa, Ronaldo N M Pitombo
{"title":"Effect of freeze-drying on the mechanical, physical and morphological properties of glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium: evaluation of freeze-dried treated bovine pericardium properties.","authors":"Camila F Borgognoni, Marina J S Maizato, Adolfo A Leirner, Bronislaw Polakiewicz, Marisa M Beppu, Olga Z Higa, Ronaldo N M Pitombo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Biomaterials have been widely used in the field of regenerative medicine. Bovine pericardium tissue has been successfully used as a bioprosthetic material in manufacturing heart valves, but studies concerning the tissue are ongoing in order to improve its storage, preservation and transportation. This article provides an overview of the characteristics of bovine pericardium tissue chemically treated after the freeze-drying process. These characteristics are essential to evaluate the changes or damage to the tissue during the process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mechanical properties of the tissue were analyzed by three different methods due to its anisotropic characteristics. The physical properties were analyzed by a colorimetric method, while the morphological properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The freeze-dried bovine pericardium showed no significant change in its mechanical properties. There was no significant change in the elasticity of the tissue (p>0.05) and no color change. In addition, SEM analysis showed that the freeze-dried samples did not suffer structural collapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium tissue showed no significant change in its properties after the freeze-drying process.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 3","pages":"186-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29685472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Russo, A. Gloria, V. D’antò, U. D'Amora, G. Ametrano, F. Bollino, R. De Santis, G. Ausanio, M. Catauro, S. Rengo, L. Ambrosio
{"title":"Poly(∊-Caprolactone) Reinforced with Sol-Gel Synthesized Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Fillers as Composite Substrates for Tissue Engineering","authors":"T. Russo, A. Gloria, V. D’antò, U. D'Amora, G. Ametrano, F. Bollino, R. De Santis, G. Ausanio, M. Catauro, S. Rengo, L. Ambrosio","doi":"10.5301/JABB.2010.6094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/JABB.2010.6094","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The importance of polymer-based composite materials to make multifunctional substrates for tissue engineering and the strategies to improve their performances have been stressed in the literature. Bioactive features of sol-gel synthesized poly(∊-caprolactone)/TiO2 or poly(∊-caprolactone)/ZrO2 organic-inorganic hybrid materials are widely documented. Accordingly, the aim of this preliminary research was to develop advanced composite substrates consisting of a poly(∊-caprolactone) matrix reinforced with sol-gel synthesized PCL/TiO2 or PCL/ZrO2 hybrid fillers. Methods Micro-computed tomography and atomic force microscopy analyses allowed to study surface topography and roughness. On the other hand, mechanical and biological performances were evaluated by small punch tests and Alamar Blue™ assay, respectively. Results Micro-computed tomography and atomic force microscopy analyses highlighted the effect of the preparation technique. Results from small punch tests and Alamar Blue™ assay evidenced that PCL reinforced with Ti2 (PCL=12, TiO2=88 wt%) and Zr2 (PCL=12, ZrO2=88 wt%) hybrid fillers provided better mechanical and biological performances. Conclusions PCL reinforced with Ti2 (PCL=12, TiO2=88 wt%) and Zr2 (PCL=12, ZrO2=88 wt%) hybrid fillers could be considered as advanced composite substrates for hard tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 1","pages":"146 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/JABB.2010.6094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian K G Spies, Stefan Schnürer, Tobias Gotterbarm, Steffen J Breusch
{"title":"Efficacy of Bone Source™ and Cementek™ in comparison with Endobon™ in critical size metaphyseal defects, using a minipig model.","authors":"Christian K G Spies, Stefan Schnürer, Tobias Gotterbarm, Steffen J Breusch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To examine and compare biocompatibility, osteocompatibility, rate of resorption, and remodelling dynamics of 2 calcium phosphate cements in comparison with a well-established hydroxyapatite ceramic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In a randomised fashion, Bone Source™, Cementek™, and Endobon™ were implanted bilaterally into the proximal metaphyseal tibiae of 35 Göttinger minipigs in a direct right vs. left intra-individual comparison. Fluorescent labelling was used. Histological and morphometric evaluations were carried out at 6, 12, and 52 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All bone substitutes showed good biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity. Endobon™ was not degraded over the follow-up period. Cementek™ was degraded constantly and significantly over the time intervals, whereas Bone Source™ was degraded mainly from the 6 week to 12 week interval. After 52 weeks, a significant difference of residual material within the defect zone was detected between all substitutes, with the highest resorption rate for Cementek™. Bone Source™ was least degraded. Defects filled with Endobon™ were characterised by a significantly continuous bony ingrowth over the time intervals. Bone formation within the defects filled with Cementek™ and Bone Source™ showed significant peaks 12 weeks after implantation. After 52 weeks, a significant difference in the amount of new bone within the defect area was detected, with the highest levels for Endobon™, followed by Cementek™.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After 1 year a restitution ad integrum could not be observed in any treatment group. The ceramic Endobon™ showed the expected response histologically. Based on its porosity it excelled in osteoconductivity. Concerning the calcium phosphate cements, a thorough osseous incorporation seemed to inhibit further degradation of both bone substitute materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 3","pages":"175-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29685473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Fuentes, Virginia Sáenz de Viteri, Amaya Igartua, Roberta Martinetti, Laura Dolcini, Gotzone Barandika
{"title":"Structural characterization and mechanical performance of calcium phosphate scaffolds and natural bones: a comparative study.","authors":"Elena Fuentes, Virginia Sáenz de Viteri, Amaya Igartua, Roberta Martinetti, Laura Dolcini, Gotzone Barandika","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The knowledge of the mechanical response of bones and their substitutes is pertinent to numerous medical problems. Understanding the effects of mechanical influence on the body is the first step toward developing innovative treatment and rehabilitation concepts for orthopedic disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a comparative study of 5 synthetic scaffolds based on porous calcium phosphates and natural bones, with regard to their microstructural, chemical, and mechanical characterizations. The structural and chemical characterizations of the scaffolds were examined by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The mechanical characterization of bones and bone graft biomaterials was carried out through compression tests using samples with noncomplex geometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the chemical composition, surface features, porosity, and compressive strength indicates that hydroxyapatite-based materials and trabecular bone have similar properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 3","pages":"159-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29685469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protein adsorption on biomaterial and nanomaterial surfaces: a molecular modeling approach to study non-covalent interactions.","authors":"Giuseppina Raffaini, Fabio Ganazzoli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atomistic computer simulations of protein adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of biomaterials and nanomaterials are reviewed. First, we present a very brief introduction to some relevant issues concerning force fields and the computational methodologies currently used, in particular molecular dynamics simulations for studying non-covalent interactions in general. The main results are then discussed, considering the adsorption of different protein subdomains and of whole proteins on different surfaces of an unlike nature. In particular, we review our results for lysozyme and some protein subdomains with a different secondary structure on a strongly hydrophobic graphite surface and on a highly hydrophilic polymeric surface, and preliminary results of protein adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes, focusing on the effect of the surface topography and curvature. We also discuss the results obtained in other groups for other proteins or protein subdomains being adsorbed on ceramic materials, either purely ionic (MgO, hydroxyapatite) or covalent (SiO₂, taken as a model for mica), and on self-assembled monolayers terminated with various chemical functionalities. The insights gained from these simulations are commented on critically, in particular the use of an implicit solvent or the use of explicit water and the lack of final equilibrium usually achieved in the latter case. Finally, we present some open issues for computer simulations of protein adsorption at an interface, and provide an outlook about possible future work in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 3","pages":"135-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29686509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Fassina, E. Saino, S. van Vlierberghe, V. Maliardi, M. D. De Angelis, L. Visai
{"title":"Electromagnetic vs. Ultrasound Stimulus of Gelatin-Based Cryogels for Bone Tissue Engineering","authors":"L. Fassina, E. Saino, S. van Vlierberghe, V. Maliardi, M. D. De Angelis, L. Visai","doi":"10.1177/228080001000800216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/228080001000800216","url":null,"abstract":"Materials and methods Human SAOS-2 osteoblasts were seeded on the surface of gelatin-based cryogels and cultured for 22 days in the presence of electromagnetic or ultrasonic stimulus. The cryogels were prepared as described earlier (1), whereas the electromagnetic and ultrasonic stimuli were performed according to a preceding work (2). The cell-matrix distribution of the two culture systems was monitored and compared with a non-stimulated, “static” set-up.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"8 1","pages":"112 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65484990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}