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“On the ruins of seriality”: The scientific journal and the nature of the scientific life “在序列的废墟上”:科学期刊与科学生活的本质。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100885
Dorien Daling
{"title":"“On the ruins of seriality”: The scientific journal and the nature of the scientific life","authors":"Dorien Daling","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Twenty-first-century discourse on science has been marked by narratives of crisis. Science is said to be experiencing crises of public trust, of peer review and publishing, of reproducibility and replicability, and of recognition and reward. The dominant response has been to “repair” the scientific literature and the system of scientific publishing through open science. This paper places the current predicament of scholarly communication in historical perspective by exploring the evolution of the scientific journal in the second half of the twentieth century. I focus on a new genre of scientific journal invented by Dutch commercial publishers shortly after World War II, and on its effects on the nature of the scientific life. I show that profit-oriented publishers and discipline-building scientists worked together to make postwar science more open, while also arguing that formats of scientific publication have their own agency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016093272300042X/pdfft?md5=81d4e016384856ad19a9560b4be29013&pid=1-s2.0-S016093272300042X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The reductionism of genopolitics in the context of the relationships between biology and political science 生物学与政治学关系背景下的基因政治还原论。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100874
Mateusz Wajzer
{"title":"The reductionism of genopolitics in the context of the relationships between biology and political science","authors":"Mateusz Wajzer","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The past two decades have seen an increase in the use of theories, data, assumptions and methods of the biological sciences in studying political phenomena. One of the approaches that combine biology with political science is genopolitics. The goal of the study was to analyse the basic ontological, methodological and epistemological assumptions for the reductionism of genopolitics. The results show that genopolitics assumes methodological reductionism but rejects ontological and epistemological reductionism. The key consequences of the findings are the irreducibility of political science to biology and the complementarity of genopolitical explanations and political science explanations based on culturalism. If my findings prove to be correct, they give rise to the formation of a hypothesis regarding the anti-reductionist orientation of the contemporary links between political science and biology. An important step towards confirming or falsifying such a hypothesis will be exploring the reductionism of contemporary biopolitical approaches such as neuropolitics or evolutionary political psychology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10038755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long life: Aging and the anxieties of longevity from the premodern to the present 长寿：从前现代到现在的衰老和对长寿的焦虑。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100876
Caroline Wechsler , Hannah Marcus
{"title":"Long life: Aging and the anxieties of longevity from the premodern to the present","authors":"Caroline Wechsler ,&nbsp;Hannah Marcus","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed concerns around life span and aging, but these tensions and anxieties around longevity are not new. Physicians, scientists, and philosophers have been meditating on the idea and consequences of life extension for many centuries. In this short article, we put into conversation some of the ways that people have understood longevity from the early modern period to the present. We trace the history of texts like Alvise Cornaro's <em>Treatise on the Sober Life</em> through present-day dieting manuals, consider accounts of extreme old age from Old Man Parr in the sixteenth century to Jeanne Calment in the twentieth, and reflect on the role of caretakers for older adults, from Gabriele Zerbi’s fifteenth-century <em>gerontocomos</em> to graphic novel representations of aging parents in the present. Our goal is to represent the history of human longevity and aging as integrated, dynamic processes, helping us better explain and address the present treatment of elders and how to improve their care in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Colima volcano’s archive of observations: The invention of a geological history from Johann Mortiz Rugendas to Paul Waitz 科利马火山的观测档案：从约翰·莫蒂兹·鲁根达斯到保罗·韦茨的地质史的发明。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100884
Omar Olivares Sandoval
{"title":"Colima volcano’s archive of observations: The invention of a geological history from Johann Mortiz Rugendas to Paul Waitz","authors":"Omar Olivares Sandoval","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1936 the Austrian geologist Paul Waitz published a seminal bibliographical, historical essay on Colima volcano, Mexico. His article exemplifies well the paths by which geology became what Lorraine Daston has termed sciences of the archive, that is, the manner in which scientific disciplines became concerned with archival work. Waitz's historical description of studies of Colima volcano built a genealogy of observations, ultimately constructing a history of the volcano itself. By bringing attention not only to Waitz’s discourse but also to his treatment of visual objects, such as pictorial and photographic landscapes, my article points out how long-term aesthetics, such as the picturesque and the sublime, functioned as tropes which enabled a standardized perception, essential to visualize a clear history of scientific observations, from the landscape paintings of the nineteenth-century artist Johann Moritz Rugendas to Waitz’s own photographs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Barbie and not Oppenheimer 为什么是芭比而不是奥本海默
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100873
Robert Luke Naylor
{"title":"Why Barbie and not Oppenheimer","authors":"Robert Luke Naylor","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100873","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49899243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“In the shape of a cooking pot over the fire”: Records of solar prominences in the 1180s “火上锅的形状”：1180年代日珥的记录。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100875
Giles E.M. Gasper , Brian K. Tanner
{"title":"“In the shape of a cooking pot over the fire”: Records of solar prominences in the 1180s","authors":"Giles E.M. Gasper ,&nbsp;Brian K. Tanner","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The second half of the 1180s witnessed an unusual number of solar eclipses visible within Europe in quick succession. These were recorded or referenced in a wide range of sources, from chronicles in Latin and Old Church Slavonic to the earliest epic poem from the medieval Rus’. A comparison between key elements of these accounts reveals several notable features. First, the identification of solar prominences. The account of the 1185 total eclipse from the Rus’ <em>Laurentian Chronicle</em> is well established in this context as the first probable textual witness to the phenomenon in Europe. It may not be the only one, however. A similar identification can be made within a Latin chronicle from England, by Gervase, monk of the community at Christ Church Cathedral Priory, for the total eclipse of 1187. Second, the contemporaneous nature of the descriptions is noteworthy, and more so in comparison with other contemporary accounts. A third area for focus concerns the nature of the observations and a case-study of Gervase of Canterbury who, if not an eye-witness to what he records, includes generally accurate accounts. These make his occasional inaccuracies all the more intriguing. Fourth, the wider comparison highlights the importance of taking account historical records across the European medieval heritage, Slavic and Orthodox alongside Latin and Catholic traditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10192876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
书评
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100858
Daniel J. Kevles
{"title":"","authors":"Daniel J. Kevles","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42762468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escaping Nazi Germany: Jewish refugee dentists and their post-emigration careers in the United States of America 逃离纳粹德国：犹太难民牙医及其移民后在美利坚合众国的职业生涯
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100861
Lena Norrman, Dominik Gross
{"title":"Escaping Nazi Germany: Jewish refugee dentists and their post-emigration careers in the United States of America","authors":"Lena Norrman,&nbsp;Dominik Gross","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is the first to examine the collective of dental lecturers and scientists who emigrated from Nazi Germany to the United States of America. We pay special attention to the socio-demographic characteristics, emigration journeys, and further professional development of these individuals in the country of immigration. The paper is based on primary sources from various German, Austrian, and United States archives and a systematic evaluation of the secondary literature on the persons concerned. We identified a total of eighteen male emigrants. The majority of these dentists left the “Greater” German Reich between 1938 and 1941. Thirteen of the eighteen lecturers were able to find a position in American academia, mainly as full professors. Two-thirds of them settled in New York and Illinois. The study concludes that most of the emigrated dentists studied here succeeded in continuing or even expanding their academic careers in the USA, although they usually had to retake their final dental examinations. No other destination country for immigration offered similarly favorable conditions. Not a single dentist decided to remigrate after 1945.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9851991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Telegraphic code for fingerprints: How justice was denied to the innovator who helped ameliorate the criminal justice system 指纹电报编码：帮助改善刑事司法系统的创新者如何被剥夺正义
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100863
Jasjeet Kaur , Gurvinder S. Sodhi
{"title":"Telegraphic code for fingerprints: How justice was denied to the innovator who helped ameliorate the criminal justice system","authors":"Jasjeet Kaur ,&nbsp;Gurvinder S. Sodhi","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last decade of the nineteenth century, an Indian officer of the Bengal Police, sub-inspector Hem Chandra Bose (1867–1949) invented the telegraphic code system for fingerprints and published it in 1916. Sir Charles Stockley Collins of Scotland Yard, who is worldwide recognized as the originator of fingerprint telegraphic technique, published his findings in 1921—five years after Bose’s publication. Likewise Bose devised the single digit fingerprint classification system three years prior to Harry Battley, also of the Scotland Yard. The then British government honored Bose by awarding him an honorarium of Rs. 5000/- and by conferring the title of Rai Bahadur on him. However, this is not enough; Bose ought to be more widely recognized as a pioneer of the science of fingerprinting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9861382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
书评
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100860
Matteo Colombo
{"title":"","authors":"Matteo Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45319445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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