DNA ResearchPub Date : 2021-05-02DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsab001
Kenta Shirasawa, Akihiro Itai, Sachiko Isobe
{"title":"Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) variety 'Nijisseiki'.","authors":"Kenta Shirasawa, Akihiro Itai, Sachiko Isobe","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsab001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsab001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed the genome sequence of a Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) to facilitate its genetics and genomics as well as breeding programs, in which a variety 'Nijisseiki' with superior flesh texture has been used as a parent for most Japanese pear cultivars. De novo assembly of long sequence reads covered 136× of the Japanese pear genome and generated 503.9 Mb contigs consisting of 114 sequences with an N50 value of 7.6 Mb. Contigs were assigned to Japanese pear genetic maps to establish 17 chromosome-scale sequences. In total, 44,876 high-confidence protein-encoding genes were predicted, 84.3% of which were supported by predicted genes and transcriptome data from Japanese pear relatives. As expected, evidence of genome-wide duplication was observed, consistent with related species. This is the first chromosome-scale genome sequence analysis reported for Japanese pear, and this resource will support breeding programs and provide new insights into the physiology and evolutionary history of Japanese pear.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsab001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25411649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De novo genome assembly of two tomato ancestors, Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, by long-read sequencing.","authors":"Hitomi Takei, Kenta Shirasawa, Kosuke Kuwabara, Atsushi Toyoda, Yuma Matsuzawa, Shinji Iioka, Tohru Ariizumi","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ancestral tomato species are known to possess genes that are valuable for improving traits in breeding. Here, we aimed to construct high-quality de novo genome assemblies of Solanum pimpinellifolium 'LA1670' and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 'LA1673', originating from Peru. The Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long-read sequences with 110× and 104× coverages were assembled and polished to generate 244 and 202 contigs spanning 808.8 Mbp for 'LA1670' and 804.5 Mbp for 'LA1673', respectively. After chromosome-level scaffolding with reference guiding, 14 scaffold sequences corresponding to 12 tomato chromosomes and 2 unassigned sequences were constructed. High-quality genome assemblies were confirmed using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs and long terminal repeat assembly index. The protein-coding sequences were then predicted, and their transcriptomes were confirmed. The de novo assembled genomes of S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme were predicted to have 71,945 and 75,230 protein-coding genes, including 29,629 and 29,185 non-redundant genes, respectively, as supported by the transcriptome analysis results. The chromosome-level genome assemblies coupled with transcriptome data sets of the two accessions would be valuable for gaining insights into tomato domestication and understanding genome-scale breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38777431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The physiological potential of anammox bacteria as revealed by their core genome structure.","authors":"Takashi Okubo, Atsushi Toyoda, Kohei Fukuhara, Ikuo Uchiyama, Yuhki Harigaya, Megumi Kuroiwa, Takuma Suzuki, Yuka Murakami, Yuichi Suwa, Hideto Takami","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present here the second complete genome of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, Candidatus (Ca.) Brocadia pituitae, along with those of a nitrite oxidizer and two incomplete denitrifiers from the anammox bacterial community (ABC) metagenome. Although NO2- reduction to NO is considered to be the first step in anammox, Ca. B. pituitae lacks nitrite reductase genes (nirK and nirS) responsible for this reaction. Comparative genomics of Ca. B. pituitae with Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and six other anammox bacteria with nearly complete genomes revealed that their core genome structure contains 1,152 syntenic orthologues. But nitrite reductase genes were absent from the core, whereas two other Brocadia species possess nirK and these genes were horizontally acquired from multiple lineages. In contrast, at least five paralogous hydroxylamine oxidoreductase genes containing candidate ones (hao2 and hao3) encoding another nitrite reductase were observed in the core. Indeed, these two genes were also significantly expressed in Ca. B. pituitae as in other anammox bacteria. Because many nirS and nirK genes have been detected in the ABC metagenome, Ca. B. pituitae presumably utilises not only NO supplied by the ABC members but also NO and/or NH2OH by self-production for anammox metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38755097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Whole-genome sequence diversity and association analysis of 198 soybean accessions in mini-core collections.","authors":"Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae, Hideki Nagasaki, Akito Kaga, Ko Hirano, Eri Ogiso-Tanaka, Makoto Matsuoka, Motoyuki Ishimori, Masao Ishimoto, Masatsugu Hashiguchi, Hidenori Tanaka, Ryo Akashi, Sachiko Isobe, Hiroyoshi Iwata","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We performed whole-genome Illumina resequencing of 198 accessions to examine the genetic diversity and facilitate the use of soybean genetic resources and identified 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2.8 million small indels. Furthermore, PacBio resequencing of 10 accessions was performed, and a total of 2,033 structure variants were identified. Genetic diversity and structure analysis congregated the 198 accessions into three subgroups (Primitive, World, and Japan) and showed the possibility of a long and relatively isolated history of cultivated soybean in Japan. Additionally, the skewed regional distribution of variants in the genome, such as higher structural variations on the R gene clusters in the Japan group, suggested the possibility of selective sweeps during domestication or breeding. A genome-wide association study identified both known and novel causal variants on the genes controlling the flowering period. Novel candidate causal variants were also found on genes related to the seed coat colour by aligning together with Illumina and PacBio reads. The genomic sequences and variants obtained in this study have immense potential to provide information for soybean breeding and genetic studies that may uncover novel alleles or genes involved in agronomically important traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38791509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA ResearchPub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa031
Basdeo Kushwaha, Manmohan Pandey, Paramananda Das, Chaitanya G Joshi, Naresh S Nagpure, Ravindra Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Suyash Agarwal, Shreya Srivastava, Mahender Singh, Lakshman Sahoo, Pallipuram Jayasankar, Prem K Meher, Tejas M Shah, Ankit T Hinsu, Namrata Patel, Prakash G Koringa, Sofia P Das, Siddhi Patnaik, Amrita Bit, Mir A Iquebal, Sarika Jaiswal, Joykrushna Jena
{"title":"The genome of walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) unveils the genetic basis that may have facilitated the development of environmental and terrestrial adaptation systems in air-breathing catfishes.","authors":"Basdeo Kushwaha, Manmohan Pandey, Paramananda Das, Chaitanya G Joshi, Naresh S Nagpure, Ravindra Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Suyash Agarwal, Shreya Srivastava, Mahender Singh, Lakshman Sahoo, Pallipuram Jayasankar, Prem K Meher, Tejas M Shah, Ankit T Hinsu, Namrata Patel, Prakash G Koringa, Sofia P Das, Siddhi Patnaik, Amrita Bit, Mir A Iquebal, Sarika Jaiswal, Joykrushna Jena","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) (magur) is an important catfish species inhabiting the Indian subcontinent. It is considered as a highly nutritious food fish and has the capability to walk to some distance, and survive a considerable period without water. Assembly, scaffolding and several rounds of iterations resulted in 3,484 scaffolds covering ∼94% of estimated genome with 9.88 Mb largest scaffold, and N50 1.31 Mb. The genome possessed 23,748 predicted protein encoding genes with annotation of 19,279 orthologous genes. A total of 166 orthologous groups represented by 222 genes were found to be unique for this species. The Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE) analysis revealed expansion of 207 gene families and 100 gene families have rapidly evolved. Genes specific to important environmental and terrestrial adaptation, viz. urea cycle, vision, locomotion, olfactory and vomeronasal receptors, immune system, anti-microbial properties, mucus, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, air-breathing, detoxification, etc. were identified and critically analysed. The analysis clearly indicated that C. magur genome possessed several unique and duplicate genes similar to that of terrestrial or amphibians' counterparts in comparison to other teleostean species. The genome information will be useful in conservation genetics, not only for this species but will also be very helpful in such studies in other catfishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38796950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genome sequence of Hydrangea macrophylla and its application in analysis of the double flower phenotype.","authors":"Kenji Nashima, Kenta Shirasawa, Andrea Ghelfi, Hideki Hirakawa, Sachiko Isobe, Takuro Suyama, Takuya Wada, Takeshi Kurokura, Tatuya Uemachi, Mirai Azuma, Midori Akutsu, Masaharu Kodama, Yoshiko Nakazawa, Kiyoshi Namai","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to its high ornamental value, the double flower phenotype of hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is one of its most important traits. In this study, genome sequence information was obtained to explore effective DNA markers and the causative genes for double flower production in hydrangea. Single-molecule real-time sequencing data followed by a Hi-C analysis were employed. Two haplotype-phased sequences were obtained from the heterozygous genome of hydrangea. One assembly consisted of 3,779 scaffolds (2.256 Gb in length and N50 of 1.5 Mb), the other also contained 3,779 scaffolds (2.227 Gb in length, and N50 of 1.4 Mb). A total of 36,930 genes were predicted in the sequences, of which 32,205 and 32,222 were found in each haplotype. A pair of 18 pseudomolecules was constructed along with a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic linkage map. Using the genome sequence data, and two F2 populations, the SNPs linked to double flower loci (djo and dsu) were discovered. DNA markers linked to djo and dsu were developed, and these could distinguish the recessive double flower allele for each locus, respectively. The LEAFY gene is a very likely candidate as the causative gene for dsu, since frameshift was specifically observed in the double flower accession with dsu.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38592473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA ResearchPub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa030
Murukarthick Jayakodi, Mona Schreiber, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher
{"title":"Building pan-genome infrastructures for crop plants and their use in association genetics.","authors":"Murukarthick Jayakodi, Mona Schreiber, Nils Stein, Martin Mascher","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pan-genomic studies aim at representing the entire sequence diversity within a species to provide useful resources for evolutionary studies, functional genomics and breeding of cultivated plants. Cost reductions in high-throughput sequencing and advances in sequence assembly algorithms have made it possible to create multiple reference genomes along with a catalogue of all forms of genetic variations in plant species with large and complex or polyploid genomes. In this review, we summarize the current approaches to building pan-genomes as an in silico representation of plant sequence diversity and outline relevant methods for their effective utilization in linking structural with phenotypic variation. We propose as future research avenues (i) transcriptomic and epigenomic studies across multiple reference genomes and (ii) the development of user-friendly and feature-rich pan-genome browsers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38784897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA ResearchPub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa027
Itay Gonda, Adi Faigenboim, Chen Adler, Renana Milavski, Merrie-Jean Karp, Alona Shachter, Gil Ronen, Kobi Baruch, David Chaimovitsh, Nativ Dudai
{"title":"The genome sequence of tetraploid sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L., provides tools for advanced genome editing and molecular breeding.","authors":"Itay Gonda, Adi Faigenboim, Chen Adler, Renana Milavski, Merrie-Jean Karp, Alona Shachter, Gil Ronen, Kobi Baruch, David Chaimovitsh, Nativ Dudai","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L., is a well-known culinary herb grown worldwide, but its uses go beyond the kitchen to traditional medicine, cosmetics and gardening. To date, the lack of an available reference genome has limited the utilization of advanced molecular breeding methods. We present a draft version of the sweet basil genome of the cultivar 'Perrie', a fresh-cut Genovese-type basil. Genome sequencing showed basil to be a tetraploid organism with a genome size of 2.13 Gbp, assembled in 12,212 scaffolds, with > 90% of the assembly being composed of 107 scaffolds. About 76% of the genome is composed of repetitive elements, with the majority being long-terminal repeats. We constructed and annotated 62,067 protein-coding genes and determined their expression in different plant tissues. We analysed the currently known phenylpropanoid volatiles biosynthesis genes. We demonstrated the necessity of the reference genome for a comprehensive understanding of this important pathway in the context of tetraploidy and gene redundancy. A complete reference genome is essential to overcome this redundancy and to avoid off-targeting when designing a CRISPR: Cas9-based genome editing research. This work bears promise for developing fast and accurate breeding tools to provide better cultivars for farmers and improved products for consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7758295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38727997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA ResearchPub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa019
Marta Gòdia, Joaquim Casellas, Aurora Ruiz-Herrera, Joan E Rodríguez-Gil, Anna Castelló, Armand Sánchez, Alex Clop
{"title":"Whole genome sequencing identifies allelic ratio distortion in sperm involving genes related to spermatogenesis in a swine model.","authors":"Marta Gòdia, Joaquim Casellas, Aurora Ruiz-Herrera, Joan E Rodríguez-Gil, Anna Castelló, Armand Sánchez, Alex Clop","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transmission Ratio Distortion (TRD), the uneven transmission of an allele from a parent to its offspring, can be caused by allelic differences affecting gametogenesis, fertilization or embryogenesis. However, TRD remains vaguely studied at a genomic scale. We sequenced the diploid and haploid genomes of three boars from leukocytes and spermatozoa at 50x to shed light into the genetic basis of spermatogenesis-caused Allelic Ratio Distortion (ARD). We first developed a Binomial model to identify ARD by simultaneously analysing all three males. This led to the identification of 55 ARD SNPs, most of which were animal-specific. We then evaluated ARD individually within each pig by a Fisher's exact test and identified two shared genes (TOP3A and UNC5B) and four shared genomic regions harbouring distinct ARD SNPs in the three boars. The shared genomic regions contained candidate genes with functions related to spermatogenesis including AK7, ARID4B, BDKRB2, GSK3B, NID1, NSMCE1, PALB2, VRK1 and ZC3H13. Using the Fisher's test, we also identified 378 genes containing variants with protein damaging potential in at least one boar, a high proportion of which, including FAM120B, TDRD15, JAM2 or AOX4 among others, are associated to spermatogenesis. Overall, our results show that sperm is subjected to ARD with variants associated to a wide variety of genes involved in different stages of spermatogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38381348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA ResearchPub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa024
Saniya M Javadekar, Namrata M Nilavar, Amita Paranjape, Kohal Das, Sathees C Raghavan
{"title":"Characterization of G-quadruplex antibody reveals differential specificity for G4 DNA forms.","authors":"Saniya M Javadekar, Namrata M Nilavar, Amita Paranjape, Kohal Das, Sathees C Raghavan","doi":"10.1093/dnares/dsaa024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaa024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulating evidence suggests that human genome can fold into non-B DNA structures, when appropriate sequence and favourable conditions are present. Among these, G-quadruplexes (G4-DNA) are associated with gene regulation, chromosome fragility and telomere maintenance. Although several techniques are used in detecting such structures in vitro, understanding their intracellular existence has been challenging. Recently, an antibody, BG4, was described to study G4 structures within cells. Here, we characterize BG4 for its affinity towards G4-DNA, using several biochemical and biophysical tools. BG4 bound to G-rich DNA derived from multiple genes that form G-quadruplexes, unlike complementary C-rich or random sequences. BLI studies revealed robust binding affinity (Kd = 17.4 nM). Gel shift assays show BG4 binds to inter- and intramolecular G4-DNA, when it is in parallel orientation. Mere presence of G4-motif in duplex DNA is insufficient for antibody recognition. Importantly, BG4 can bind to G4-DNA within telomere sequence in a supercoiled plasmid. Finally, we show that BG4 binds to form efficient foci in four cell lines, irrespective of their lineage, demonstrating presence of G4-DNA in genome. Importantly, number of BG4 foci within the cells can be modulated, upon knockdown of G4-resolvase, WRN. Thus, we establish specificity of BG4 towards G4-DNA and discuss its potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51014,"journal":{"name":"DNA Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/dnares/dsaa024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38512055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}