Archive for History of Exact Sciences最新文献_第9页

BM 76829: A small astronomical fragment with important implications for the Late Babylonian Astronomy and the Astronomical Book of Enoch BM 76829：一个小的天文碎片，对巴比伦晚期天文学和以诺天文学著作具有重要意义

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00268-7

Jeanette C. Fincke, Wayne Horowitz, Eshbal Ratzon

引用次数: 3

Back to the roots of vector and tensor calculus: Heaviside versus Gibbs 回到矢量和张量微积分的根:Heaviside和Gibbs

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00264-x

Alessio Rocci

引用次数: 0

Correction to: What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888 更正：海因里希·赫兹在1887年至1888年对电波的发现

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00267-8

Jed Buchwald, Chen-Pang Yeang, Noah Stemeroff, Jenifer Barton, Quinn Harrington

引用次数: 0

Hobbes’s model of refraction and derivation of the sine law 霍布斯折射模型及正弦定律的推导

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-11-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00265-w

Hao Dong

{"title":"Hobbes’s model of refraction and derivation of the sine law","authors":"Hao Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00407-020-00265-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-020-00265-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims both to tackle the technical issue of deciphering Hobbes’s derivation of the sine law of refraction and to throw some light to the broader issue of Hobbes’s mechanical philosophy. I start by recapitulating the polemics between Hobbes and Descartes concerning Descartes’ optics. I argue that, first, Hobbes’s criticisms do expose certain shortcomings of Descartes’ optics which presupposes a twofold distinction between real motion and inclination to motion, and between motion itself and determination of motion; second, Hobbes’s optical theory presented in <i>Tractatus Opticus I</i> constitutes a more economical alternative, which eliminates the twofold distinction and only admits actual local motion, and Hobbes’s derivation of the sine law presented therein, which I call “the early model” and which was retained in <i>Tractatus Opticus II</i> and <i>First Draught</i>, is mathematically consistent and physically meaningful. These two points give Hobbes’s early optics some theoretical advantage over that of Descartes. However, an issue that has baffled commentators is that, in <i>De Corpore</i> Hobbes’s derivation of the sine law seems to be completely different from that presented in his earlier works, furthermore, it does not make any intuitive sense. I argue that the derivation of the sine law in <i>De Corpore</i> does make sense mathematically if we read it as a simplification of the early model, and Hobbes has already hinted toward it in the last proposition of <i>Tractatus Opticus I</i>. But now the question becomes, why does Hobbes take himself to be entitled to present this simplified, seemingly question-begging form without having presented all the previous results? My conjecture is that the switch from the early model to the late model is symptomatic of Hobbes’s changing views on the relation between physics and mathematics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"75 3","pages":"323 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00407-020-00265-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Operator calculus: the lost formulation of quantum mechanics 算子演算：量子力学的遗失公式

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00262-z

Gonzalo Gimeno, Mercedes Xipell, Marià Baig

引用次数: 2

Pipe flow: a gateway to turbulence 管道流动:湍流的入口

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00263-y

Michael Eckert

{"title":"Pipe flow: a gateway to turbulence","authors":"Michael Eckert","doi":"10.1007/s00407-020-00263-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-020-00263-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pipe flow has been a challenge that gave rise to investigations on turbulence—long before turbulence was discerned as a research problem in its own right. The discharge of water from elevated reservoirs through long conduits such as for the fountains at Versailles suggested investigations about the resistance in relation to the different diameters and lengths of the pipes as well as the speed of flow. Despite numerous measurements of hydraulic engineers, the data could not be reproduced by a commonly accepted formula, not to mention a theoretical derivation. The resistance of air flow in long pipes for the supply of blast furnaces or mine air appeared even more inaccessible to rational elaboration. In the nineteenth century, it became gradually clear that there were two modes of pipe flow, laminar and turbulent. While the former could be accommodated under the roof of hydrodynamic theory, the latter proved elusive. When the wealth of turbulent pipe flow data in smooth tubes was displayed as a function of the Reynolds number, the empirically observed friction factor served as a guide for the search of a fundamental law about turbulent skin friction. By 1930, a logarithmic “wall law” seemed to resolve this quest. Yet pipe flow has not been exhausted as a research subject. It still ranks high on the agenda of turbulence research—both the transition from laminar to turbulent flow and fully developed turbulence at very large Reynolds numbers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"75 3","pages":"249 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00407-020-00263-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888 海因里希·赫兹在1887年至1888年发现了电磁波

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1

J. Buchwald, C. Yeang, Noah Stemeroff, Jenifer Barton, Quinn Harrington

引用次数: 0

What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888 海因里希·赫兹在1887年至1888年对电波的发现

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1

Jed Buchwald, Chen-Pang Yeang, Noah Stemeroff, Jenifer Barton, Quinn Harrington

{"title":"What Heinrich Hertz discovered about electric waves in 1887–1888","authors":"Jed Buchwald, Chen-Pang Yeang, Noah Stemeroff, Jenifer Barton, Quinn Harrington","doi":"10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among the most influential and well-known experiments of the 19th century was the generation and detection of electromagnetic radiation by Heinrich Hertz in 1887–1888, work that bears favorable comparison for experimental ingenuity and influence with that by Michael Faraday in the 1830s and 1840s. In what follows, we pursue issues raised by what Hertz did in his experimental space to produce and to detect what proved to be an extraordinarily subtle effect. Though he did provide evidence for the existence of such radiation that other investigators found compelling, nevertheless Hertz’s data and the conclusions he drew from it ran counter to the claim of Maxwell’s electrodynamics that electric waves in air and wires travel at the same speed. Since subsequent experiments eventually suggested otherwise, the question arises of just what took place in Hertz’s. The difficulties attendant on designing, deploying, and interpreting novel apparatus go far in explaining his results, which were nevertheless sufficiently convincing that other investigators, and Hertz himself, soon took up the challenge of further investigation based on his initial designs.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"75 2","pages":"125 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00407-020-00260-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50514568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Before the end of an error: Giovanni Bianchini’s original flawed treatise on the conversion of stellar coordinates 在错误结束之前：Giovanni Bianchini关于恒星坐标转换的原始有缺陷的论文

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00261-0

Glen Van Brummelen

引用次数: 2

Impact of Gibbs’ and Duhem’s approaches to thermodynamics on the development of chemical thermodynamics 吉布斯和迪昂的热力学方法对化学热力学发展的影响

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-020-00259-8

Photis Dais

{"title":"Impact of Gibbs’ and Duhem’s approaches to thermodynamics on the development of chemical thermodynamics","authors":"Photis Dais","doi":"10.1007/s00407-020-00259-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-020-00259-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>From 1873 to 1878, the American physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs offered to the scientific community three great articles that proved to be a milestone for the science of thermodynamics. On the other hand, between 1886 and 1896, the French physicist Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem translated thermodynamics into the language of Lagrange’s analytical mechanics. At the same time, he expanded its scope to include thermal phenomena, electromagnetic phenomena, and all kinds of irreversible processes. Duhem formulated a version of thermodynamics characterized by the conceptual unification of mechanics, physics, and chemistry. Overall, the work of both physicists on thermodynamics is tremendous, full of axioms, theorems, corollaries, proofs, and hundreds of equations. Therefore, it would be a utopian aim to provide a short analysis of their work. Instead, the present study will attempt to give a brief outline of the main tools and concepts used by the two physicists. I will argue that each scientist approaches thermodynamics in a new and unique way, which reveals their scientific styles as reflected in their personalities, the writing styles, their behavior toward publicity, and their inclination for publication. Finally, I will examine the influence of their theories on the development of chemical thermodynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"75 2","pages":"175 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00407-020-00259-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43595441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1