Antarctic Science最新文献_第2页

Varying population size of the Cape Royds Adélie penguin colony, 1955–2020: a synthesis 1955-2020 年罗伊兹角阿德利企鹅群数量变化：综述

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102024000051

David G. Ainley, Virginia Morandini, Kerry Barton, Phil O'B. Lyver, Megan Elrod, Michelle A. Larue, Jean Pennycook

{"title":"Varying population size of the Cape Royds Adélie penguin colony, 1955–2020: a synthesis","authors":"David G. Ainley, Virginia Morandini, Kerry Barton, Phil O'B. Lyver, Megan Elrod, Michelle A. Larue, Jean Pennycook","doi":"10.1017/s0954102024000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102024000051","url":null,"abstract":"Among the longest Antarctic biological time series is that of Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae population size at Cape Royds, 1955 to the present. Demographic trends over the 66 years fall into five periods: 1) decrease then recovery due to control of tourism from McMurdo Station/Scott Base; 2) further increase responding to the removal of > 20 000 trophically competing Antarctic minke whales Balaenoptera bonaerensis from the colony's wintering area; 3) stabilization but not decrease upon the ban of whaling in 1982, and whale recovery, owing to increased winds facilitating McMurdo Sound Polynya presence (easier ocean access during nesting); 4) decrease in 2001–2005 when two mega-icebergs, B15A/C16, opposed the wind effect by increasing sea-ice cover, thus limiting ocean access; and 5) after iceberg departure, minimal recovery due to the increased velocity of the wind-generated Ross Gyre reducing penguin breeding probability. A multivariant model using 1998–2018 data confirmed the roles of gyre speed (negative) and open water (positive) in colony growth. Additional negative influence came from high nest predation by south polar skuas Stercorarius maccormicki, reducing chick production, as well as perhaps increased trophic competition from nearby Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii. Clearly, long time series increase our understanding of penguin population dynamics responding to a complexity of factors.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing aerial biodiversity over Keller Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, using DNA metabarcoding 利用 DNA 代谢编码评估南极洲海洋乔治王岛凯勒半岛上空的空中生物多样性

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/s095410202400004x

Paulo E.A.S. Câmara, Michael Stech, Peter Convey, Tina Šantl-Temkiv, Otavio Henrique Bezerra Pinto, Fábio Leal Viana Bones, Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes, Luiz Antônio Da Costa Rodrigues, Micheline Carvalho-Silva, Luiz Henrique Rosa

{"title":"Assessing aerial biodiversity over Keller Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, using DNA metabarcoding","authors":"Paulo E.A.S. Câmara, Michael Stech, Peter Convey, Tina Šantl-Temkiv, Otavio Henrique Bezerra Pinto, Fábio Leal Viana Bones, Fabyano Alvares Cardoso Lopes, Luiz Antônio Da Costa Rodrigues, Micheline Carvalho-Silva, Luiz Henrique Rosa","doi":"10.1017/s095410202400004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s095410202400004x","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctic ice-free areas are dominated by wind-dispersed organisms. However, which organisms arrive and circulate in Antarctica and how remain poorly understood. Due to their proximity to South America and less extreme conditions, the South Shetland Islands are likely to receive higher diaspore numbers. One possible consequence of climate change is that newcomers will be able to colonize ice-free areas, altering community compositions and impacting the native biota. We used DNA metabarcoding to identify non-fungal eukaryotic DNA present in the air that could potentially reach and circulate in Antarctica. Air was sampled near the Brazilian Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station on King George Island between December 2019 and January 2020. Sequences representing a total of 35 taxa from 10 phyla and 3 kingdoms were assigned: Chromista (Ciliophora, Cercozoa, Haptophyta and Ochrophyta), Plantae (Chlorophyta, Bryophyta and Magnoliophyta) and Animalia (Mollusca, Arthropoda and Chordata). The most diverse group were the plants (26 taxa), followed by Chromista (6 taxa). The most abundant sequences represented the green algae Chlamydomonas nivalis. The two angiosperm sequences represent exotic taxa; Folsomia is also exotic and was recorded only on Deception Island. Metabarcoding revealed the presence of previously undocumented airborne diversity, suggesting that the Antarctic airspora includes propagules of both local and distant origin.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of trophic segregation amongst gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) individuals in Antarctica using a non-invasive methodology 利用非侵入式方法评估南极洲巴布亚企鹅个体之间的营养隔离情况

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102024000026

Lucía Rabinovich-Larrechea, Daniel E. Naya, Mariana Cosse, Nadia Bou, Valentina Franco-Trecu

{"title":"Assessment of trophic segregation amongst gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) individuals in Antarctica using a non-invasive methodology","authors":"Lucía Rabinovich-Larrechea, Daniel E. Naya, Mariana Cosse, Nadia Bou, Valentina Franco-Trecu","doi":"10.1017/s0954102024000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102024000026","url":null,"abstract":"Individual trophic specialization (ITS) refers to the trophic diversification amongst individuals within a population. The gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is considered a trophic generalist at the population level, but little is known about its individual trophic differentiation. We assessed the degree of ITS at one of its main breeding colonies: Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands. We used skin from 19 dead individuals to determine species and sex by molecular methods and a nail for stable isotope analysis of δ15N and δ13C. Isotopic niche metrics and ITS were estimated for the population and for each sex. We found a moderately high degree of ITS associated with the trophic position of the resources consumed (δ15N) for the population and both sexes, as well as a moderate degree of ITS in the foraging habitat (δ13C) for the population and females. Females showed a higher exclusive niche area, suggesting that they use resources and foraging areas that males do not, probably related to reproductive energy demands. Given the high population density of this species, ITS could function as a mechanism to decrease intraspecific competition. This combination of genetic and isotopic tools allowed us to provide relevant information on the trophic ecology of the gentoo penguin without manipulating animals or using invasive methods.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140149482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme precipitation event at the Ross Ice Shelf during the 1911–1912 South Pole run 1911-1912 年南极运行期间罗斯冰架的极端降水事件

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/s095410202300041x

Mila Zinkova

引用次数: 0

Mapping of morainic complexes and reconstruction of glacier dynamics north-east of Cook Ice Cap, Kerguelen Archipelago (49°S) 绘制凯尔盖朗群岛（南纬 49 度）库克冰帽东北部冰碛复合体地图并重建冰川动力学

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102023000378

Philip Deline, Henriette Linge, Ludovic Ravanel, Talin Tuestad, Romain Lafite, Fabien Arnaud, Jostein Bakke

{"title":"Mapping of morainic complexes and reconstruction of glacier dynamics north-east of Cook Ice Cap, Kerguelen Archipelago (49°S)","authors":"Philip Deline, Henriette Linge, Ludovic Ravanel, Talin Tuestad, Romain Lafite, Fabien Arnaud, Jostein Bakke","doi":"10.1017/s0954102023000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102023000378","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the limited landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere, we must rely on data from sub-Antarctic islands within the Southern Ocean to record historical climate patterns. Over the past few decades, glaciers throughout the Southern Ocean region have experienced a noticeable retreat, especially in the Kerguelen Archipelago, whose glacial landforms offer valuable insights into long-term climate fluctuations. Our comprehensive glacial geomorphological study conducted in its remote north-western region meticulously examines morainic complexes from smaller cirque glaciers and larger outlet glaciers stemming from the Cook Ice Cap. We mapped these landforms to reconstruct historical glacier extents during the Holocene. The surface area of the three main glaciers had decreased in 1962–1964 by only 35% compared to their maximum extents, whereas surface area changes across 12 time intervals spanning from 1962 to 2019 from aerial and satellite imagery reveal a cumulative reduction of 43.5%. Additionally, we modelled changes in glacier thickness and equilibrium-line altitude for the key glaciers at three distinct stages: 1) their maximum extent before 1962, 2) the early 1960s and 3) 2019. This multifaceted analysis contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of Kerguelen's glaciers and the broader implications for understanding past and ongoing climate dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139968874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of ice rises in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, over the last millennium 德龙宁毛德皇后地芬布尔冰架冰隆在过去一千年中的演变

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102023000330

Vikram Goel, Carlos Martín, Kenichi Matsuoka

{"title":"Evolution of ice rises in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, over the last millennium","authors":"Vikram Goel, Carlos Martín, Kenichi Matsuoka","doi":"10.1017/s0954102023000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102023000330","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate two ice rises, Kupol Moskovskij and Kupol Ciolkovskogo, in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, situated ~60 km from each other but differing in their glaciological settings. We apply a thermo-mechanically coupled Elmer/Ice model to profiles going across these ice rises and use it to investigate their past evolution covering present to several millennia ago. We constrain the model results using field measurements, including surface-velocity measurements, and surface mass balance estimated by isochronous radar stratigraphy dated with firn cores. We find that the ice rises are thickening at present (2012–2014), which started only in recent decades. Investigation of deeper radar reflectors suggests a stronger upwind-downwind contrast in surface mass balance in the past for both ice rises, with varying details. This result matches what was previously found on Blåskimen Island ice rise, which is also in the Fimbul Ice Shelf. Moreover, Kupol Moskovskij, situated at a shear margin, shows signs of recent changes in its ice-divide position, while Kupol Ciolkovskogo shows a more stable divide position. This study highlights the long-term influence of surface mass balance on ice rises, as well as the strong influence of local glaciological settings on their evolution.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139968728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geological insights from the newly discovered granite of Sif Island between Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers 从斯怀兹冰川和松树岛冰川之间新发现的西弗岛花岗岩中获得的地质启示

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102023000287

James W. Marschalek, Stuart N. Thomson, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Pieter Vermeesch, Christine Siddoway, Andrew Carter, Keir Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Ryan A. Venturelli, Samantha J. Hammond, Julia Wellner, Tina van de Flierdt

{"title":"Geological insights from the newly discovered granite of Sif Island between Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers","authors":"James W. Marschalek, Stuart N. Thomson, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Pieter Vermeesch, Christine Siddoway, Andrew Carter, Keir Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Ryan A. Venturelli, Samantha J. Hammond, Julia Wellner, Tina van de Flierdt","doi":"10.1017/s0954102023000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102023000287","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale geological structures have controlled the long-term development of the bed and thus the flow of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). However, complete ice cover has obscured the age and exact positions of faults and geological boundaries beneath Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Glacier, two major WAIS outlets in the Amundsen Sea sector. Here, we characterize the only rock outcrop between these two glaciers, which was exposed by the retreat of slow-flowing coastal ice in the early 2010s to form the new Sif Island. The island comprises granite, zircon U-Pb dated to ~177–174 Ma and characterized by initial ɛNd, 87Sr/86Sr and ɛHf isotope compositions of -2.3, 0.7061 and -1.3, respectively. These characteristics resemble Thurston Island/Antarctic Peninsula crustal block rocks, strongly suggesting that the Sif Island granite belongs to this province and placing the crustal block's boundary with the Marie Byrd Land province under Thwaites Glacier or its eastern shear margin. Low-temperature thermochronological data reveal that the granite underwent rapid cooling following emplacement, rapidly cooled again at ~100–90 Ma and then remained close to the Earth's surface until present. These data help date vertical displacement across the major tectonic structure beneath Pine Island Glacier to the Late Cretaceous.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139909720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diminishing numbers of male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Pinnipedia: Phocidae, Linnaeus, 1758) at the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica (1957–2022) 南极洲东部维斯特福尔丘陵雄性南象海豹（Mirounga leonina Pinnipedia: Phocidae, Linnaeus, 1758）数量的减少（1957-2022年）

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/s095410202300038x

John van den Hoff

{"title":"Diminishing numbers of male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Pinnipedia: Phocidae, Linnaeus, 1758) at the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica (1957–2022)","authors":"John van den Hoff","doi":"10.1017/s095410202300038x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s095410202300038x","url":null,"abstract":"A proportion of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) population that breeds in the Kerguelen Plateau region seasonally migrates between their natal sub-Antarctic islands and moult haul-out locations on the Antarctic coastline. Analyses of survey data collated for one moult location at the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica, showed that there had been no appreciable change in the timing (phenology) of maximum seal arrivals between 1974 and 2022; however, the maximum number of seals moulting at that site had declined by ~90% over the same time interval. Spatial analyses showed rates of population change were survey area dependent, as seal numbers decreased most rapidly at haul-out areas closest to the permanently occupied Davis Station, suggesting that a relationship exists between seal numbers and human activities. The range of potential factors that contribute to population change for southern elephant seals moulting at the Vestfold Hills includes changes in status at primary source populations, one of which has not been surveyed since the 1990s, and species relocation. Should numbers of southern elephant seals in the Vestfold Hills continue to decrease at the current average rate of change (-7.78 seals/year) the species could vanish from the area by c. 2040.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidental pinnipeds at high latitudes of the Vestfold Hills, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica 南极洲东部普里兹湾维斯特福尔德丘陵高纬度地区偶然发现的针足类动物

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102023000391

John van den Hoff

{"title":"Incidental pinnipeds at high latitudes of the Vestfold Hills, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica","authors":"John van den Hoff","doi":"10.1017/s0954102023000391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102023000391","url":null,"abstract":"Species distributions are predicted to change with future climate-associated ecosystem changes such that so-called ‘vagrant’ individuals may become established or re-establish in areas currently thought to be beyond their principle ranges. Survey data were collated for occurrences of pinniped (seal) species at very high latitudes of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. Aside from Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), which aggregate annually at the Vestfold Hills to breed and/or moult, three other pinniped species were observed with the recession of the fast-ice edge. Leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) occurrences increased with an increase in a seasonally abundant prey resource, and crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) were seen at a time that coincides with their moult period. Occurrences of sub-adult male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) increase the known southward range for this species and may reflect population increases at source populations in the Kerguelen Plateau area. Although there were no direct sightings of Ross seals (Ommatophoca rossii), their presence close to the Vestfold Hills was detected by underwater passive acoustic monitoring. Sightings of obligate drift-ice species and sub-Antarctic fur seals may change at the Vestfold Hills with climate-mediated changes in sea-ice conditions.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Four unreported emperor penguin colonies discovered by satellite 卫星发现四个未报告的帝企鹅群落

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102023000329

Peter Fretwell

{"title":"Four unreported emperor penguin colonies discovered by satellite","authors":"Peter Fretwell","doi":"10.1017/s0954102023000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102023000329","url":null,"abstract":"Predictions of the future emperor penguins population, linked to anthropogenic climate change, are stark. Current models suggest that if CO2 emissions continue to rise at present rates, almost all colonies will be quasi-extinct by the end of the century (Jenouvrier et al.2021). The monitoring of populations is crucial to tracking these changes and, if possible, implementing conservation measures. Recent work using satellite imagery to discover, track and monitor emperor penguin populations has proved to be a key technology in understanding the locations, numbers and trends of the species (Barbraud & Weimerskirch 2001, Trathan et al.2020, Jenouvrier et al.2021). It also enables the discovery of unrecorded breeding sites (Fretwell et al.2009), although there are inherent difficulties in determining what constitutes a new or undiscovered breeding colony (see Supplemental Material S1). In 2019, eight previously unreported emperor penguin breeding sites were found using the European Space Agency's Sentinel-2 satellite, a medium-resolution satellite with a spatial resolution of 10 m per pixel (Fretwell & Trathan 2021), bringing the number of known extant breeding locations to 61. Here, I report on the discovery of a further four breeding sites using Sentinel-2 and Maxar WorldView-2 imagery.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139506271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0