Antarctic Science最新文献_第10页

Topographical effect of the Antarctic Peninsula on a strong wind event 南极半岛地形对强风事件的影响

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000444

H. Kwon, Seong‐Joong Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Sin Kim

{"title":"Topographical effect of the Antarctic Peninsula on a strong wind event","authors":"H. Kwon, Seong‐Joong Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Sin Kim","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000444","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The topographical effect on a strong wind event that occurred on 7 January 2013 at King Sejong Station (KSJ), Antarctica, was investigated using the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Numerical experiments applying three different terrain heights of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) were performed to quantitatively estimate the topographical effect on the selected strong wind event. The experiment employing original AP topography successfully represented the observed features in the strong wind event, both in terms of peak wind speed (by ~94%; ~19.7 m/s) and abrupt transitions of wind speed. In contrast, the experiment with a flattened terrain height significantly underestimated the peak wind speeds (by ~51%; ~10.4 m/s) of the observations. An absence of AP topography failed to simulate both a strong discontinuity of sea-level pressure fields around the east coast of the AP and a strong south-easterly wind over the AP. As a result, the observed downslope windstorm, driven by a flow overriding a barrier, was not formed at the western side of the AP, resulting in no further enhancement of the wind at KSJ. This result demonstrates that the topography of the AP played a critical role in driving the strong wind event at KSJ on 7 January 2013, accounting for ~50% of the total wind speed.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"58 5-6","pages":"674 - 684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41301374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘No continent is immune, including Antarctica’, but National Antarctic Programmes acted collectively to avert disaster “没有哪个大陆可以幸免，包括南极洲”，但国家南极计划采取了集体行动，避免了灾难

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102021000481

K. Falkner, Dame Jane Francis

引用次数: 0

Mixoxylon australe gen. et sp. nov., a unique homoxylous wood with non-angiosperm affinity from the Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica (Albian, James Ross Island) Mixoxylon australe gen.et sp.nov.，一种来自南极洲下白垩纪（Albian，James Ross岛）的具有非被子植物亲和性的独特同源木

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000389

Oleksandra Chernomorets, J. Sakala

引用次数: 0

ANS volume 33 issue 5 Cover and Back matter ANS第33卷第5期封面和封底

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s095410202100050x

引用次数: 0

ANS volume 33 issue 5 Cover and Front matter ANS第33卷第5期封面和封面问题

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0954102021000493

引用次数: 0

National Antarctic Program responses to fieldwork sexual harassment 国家南极计划对野外性骚扰的回应

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000432

M. Nash

{"title":"National Antarctic Program responses to fieldwork sexual harassment","authors":"M. Nash","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000432","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sexual harassment is a common experience for women and those from other underrepresented groups in (white) male-dominated fields such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Women are especially vulnerable to sexual harassment during remote scientific fieldwork. To date, most of the limited research on fieldwork harassment has focused on individual experiences. There is an urgent need for research on organizational approaches to fieldwork sexual harassment. This study fills this gap by examining sexual harassment prevention by National Antarctic Programs. It draws on a desktop analysis of 36 National Antarctic Program websites with a focus on the current availability and quality of sexual harassment policies and procedures in expeditioner handbooks/field manuals. Findings show that very few National Antarctic Programs make their expeditioner handbooks/field manuals publicly available (n = 9), and even fewer mention sexual harassment in the documentation or describe how to lodge a complaint (n = 3). This article concludes by offering some reasons as to why National Antarctic Programs may be neglecting this issue. It also provides practical recommendations for developing more substantive content in expeditioner handbooks/field manuals and for building inclusive fieldwork environments for a diverse range of expeditioners.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"560 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Influence of heavy metals on the occurrence of Antarctic soil microalgae 重金属对南极土壤微藻发生的影响

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000390

N. Dang, W. Chu, K. Yap, Y. Kok, S. Phang, K. Chan, P. Convey

{"title":"Influence of heavy metals on the occurrence of Antarctic soil microalgae","authors":"N. Dang, W. Chu, K. Yap, Y. Kok, S. Phang, K. Chan, P. Convey","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Human- and animal-impacted sites in Antarctica can be contaminated with heavy metals, as well as areas influenced by underlying geology and naturally occurring minerals. The present study examined the relationship between heavy metal presence and soil microalgal occurrence across a range of human-impacted and undisturbed locations on Signy Island. Microalgae were identified based on cultures that developed after inoculation into an enriched medium. Twenty-nine microalgae representing Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Tribophyta were identified. High levels of As, Ca, Cd, Cu and Zn were detected in Gourlay Peninsula and North Point, both locations hosting dense penguin rookeries. Samples from Berntsen Point, the location of most intense human activity both today and historically, contained high levels of Pb. The contamination factor and pollution load index confirmed that the former locations were polluted by Cd, Cu and Zn, with these being of marine biogenic origin. Variation in the microalgal community was significantly correlated with concentrations of Mn, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr and Cu. However, the overall proportion of the total variation contributed by all metals was low (16.11%). Other factors not measured in this study are likely to underlie the majority of the observed variation in microalgal community composition between sampling locations.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"645 - 659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Impact of the harsh Antarctic environment on mucosal immunity 南极恶劣环境对黏膜免疫的影响

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-09-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000407

B. Bhushan, H. Tanwar, M. R. Eslavath, S. Singh, B. Kumar, L. Ganju

{"title":"Impact of the harsh Antarctic environment on mucosal immunity","authors":"B. Bhushan, H. Tanwar, M. R. Eslavath, S. Singh, B. Kumar, L. Ganju","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mucosal immunity of Indian Antarctic personnel was analysed during the 34th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) by ship voyage. Serum and salivary IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 levels along with salivary cortisol and TGF-β were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were collected at three different time points (T1, T2 and T3) during the expedition. Serum and salivary IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 concentrations incrementally increased towards the end of the expedition as compared to the beginning of the expedition. Salivary IgA and TGF-β levels were significantly altered during the expedition. Levels of IgA1 (P = 0.0007) and IgA2 (P = 0.0135) increased significantly at T3 as compared to T1. Additionally, significant changes in serum IgA were observed, with peak levels at T3 (P = 0.0015) and T2 (P < 0.001). However, the level of serum IgA2 was also significantly altered at T3 (P < 0.05) and T2 (P = 0.0006) in comparison with T1. The exact cause of the changes in serum and salivary IgA, IgA1, IgA2 and TGF-β levels during the summer expedition are unknown; however, the changes are evident in mucosal immunity.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"624 - 632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Episodic basin-scale soil moisture anomalies associated with high relative humidity events in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica 南极洲麦克默多干谷与高相对湿度事件相关的幕式盆地尺度土壤水分异常

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000341

J. Levy

{"title":"Episodic basin-scale soil moisture anomalies associated with high relative humidity events in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica","authors":"J. Levy","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000341","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Outside of hydrologically wetted active layer soils and humidity-sensitive soil brines, low soil moisture is a limiting factor controlling biogeochemical processes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. But anecdotal field observations suggest that episodic wetting and darkening of surface soils in the absence of snowmelt occurs during high humidity conditions. Here, I analyse long-term meteorological station data to determine whether soil-darkening episodes are present in the instrumental record and whether they are, in fact, correlated with relative humidity. A strong linear correlation is found between relative humidity and soil reflectance at the Lake Bonney long-term autonomous weather station. Soil reflectance is found to decrease annually by a median of 27.7% in response to high humidity conditions. This magnitude of darkening is consistent with soil moisture rising from typical background values of < 0.5 wt.% to 2–3 wt.%, suggesting that regional atmospheric processes may result in widespread soil moisture generation in otherwise dry surface soils. Temperature and relative humidity conditions under which darkening is observed occur for hundreds of hours per year, but are dominated by episodes occurring between midnight and 07h00 local time, suggesting that wetting events may be common, but are not widely observed during typical diel science operations.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"533 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46741089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Lithostratigraphy, age and distribution of Eocene volcanic sequences on eastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 南极洲南设得兰群岛乔治王岛东部始新世火山层序的岩石地层学、年龄和分布

IF 1.6 4区地球科学

Antarctic Science Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0954102021000213

J. Smellie, R. J. Hunt, W. Mcintosh, R. Esser

{"title":"Lithostratigraphy, age and distribution of Eocene volcanic sequences on eastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica","authors":"J. Smellie, R. J. Hunt, W. Mcintosh, R. Esser","doi":"10.1017/S0954102021000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102021000213","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New mapping and dating of volcanic outcrops on the east coast of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, has demonstrated that Eocene volcanic sequences are dominant and also crop out extensively elsewhere, particularly on the eastern part of the island. The sequences can be divided into at least three formations (Hennequin, Cape Vauréal and Carruthers Cliff) together with Eocene strata at Warkocz and near Lions Rump that are currently unassigned stratigraphically. New and recently published 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that all of the formations are Early Eocene in age, mainly Ypresian, extending to Lutetian and possibly even Priabonian time in more easterly outcrops. Compositional contrasts exist between the groups (calc-alkaline vs tholeiitic). The formations are mainly composed of lavas, and many show evidence for contemporary inundation by water. They are interbedded with sedimentary rocks deposited mainly during flooding events as debris flows, debris avalanches, hyperconcentrated flows, from traction currents and in lakes. The common presence of juvenile volcanic detritus suggests that the sediments were probably linked to explosive hydrovolcanic eruptions, some of which were possibly rooted in summit ice caps. Other evidence is also permissive, but the presence of Eocene ice on King George Island is not well established at present.","PeriodicalId":50972,"journal":{"name":"Antarctic Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"373 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954102021000213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8