Water Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/w16142002

Lingyun Fan, Xujia Zhang, Qi Li, Yi Liu, Hanxi Wang, Shuying Zang

{"title":"Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Low Polluted Wastewater by Aquatic Plants: Impact of Monochromatic Light Radiation","authors":"Lingyun Fan, Xujia Zhang, Qi Li, Yi Liu, Hanxi Wang, Shuying Zang","doi":"10.3390/w16142002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142002","url":null,"abstract":"Plant absorption via aquatic plants is vital for the deep purification of treated wastewater. This study aimed to determine the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus for different aquatic plants and the effect of monochromatic light as compared to white light. Five plants (i.e., Iris pseudacorus, Oenanthe javanica, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. and Sagittaria trifolia) were cultured in prepared wastewater and radiated by white, red, green and blue LED lamps with 8 h radiation per day, respectively. After 4 d of cultivation, the O. javanica and S. trifolia exhibited relatively better growth status and higher TP removal rates (90%). The blue light radiation played a key role in the TP uptake of the tested plants. The N removal rates of plants were relatively lower (10–40%), limited by the low COD content. The S. trifolia exhibited the highest efficiency, and red light promoted the removal of TN and NO3−-N, whereas NH4+-N removal was driven by blue light radiation. So, O. javanica and S. trifolia coupled with blue and red lamps as supplementary light were suggested for the deep purification of municipal treated wastewater. The effect of intensity and ratio of monochromatic lights could be a direction for further research.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agricultural Drought-Triggering for Anticipatory Action in Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚农业干旱--诱发预期行动

Water Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/w16142009

Erkin Isaev, Nathan Yuave, K. Inape, Catherine Jones, Lazarus Dawa, Roy C. Sidle

{"title":"Agricultural Drought-Triggering for Anticipatory Action in Papua New Guinea","authors":"Erkin Isaev, Nathan Yuave, K. Inape, Catherine Jones, Lazarus Dawa, Roy C. Sidle","doi":"10.3390/w16142009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142009","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout its history, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has faced recurrent agricultural droughts, imposing considerable strain on both livelihoods and the economy. Particularly severe droughts have been associated with El Niño climate patterns. During these episodes, PNG becomes especially vulnerable to extended periods of aridity and diminished precipitation. Historically, humanitarian assistance for these events has primarily focused on responding to emergencies after an agricultural drought has been declared and communities have already been impacted. Here, we developed a proactive agricultural drought-triggering method for anticipatory action (AA) in PNG to offer a more sustainable and cost-effective approach to address this hazard. Our AA uses weather forecasts and risk data to identify and implement mitigative actions before a disaster occurs. The research details a step-by-step guide from early warning to action implemented by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the Government of Papua New Guinea. This preemptive disaster risk management initiative integrates a combined drought index (CDI) with specific thresholds and tailored anticipatory actions based on crop calendars. Moreover, the developed CDI provides a 3-month lead time for implementing AA to reduce the impact of the agricultural drought. During the El Niño-induced drought event that began in 2023, the CDI was tested and the AA was piloted for the first time.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"110 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Trends and ‘Space-Sky-Ground-Underground’ Monitoring Technology Analysis of Landslide Hazard 滑坡灾害的研究趋势和 "天-空-地-地下 "监测技术分析

Water Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/w16142005

Gang Cheng, Haoyu Zhang, Ye Wang, Bin Shi, Lei Zhang, Jinghong Wu, Qinliang You, Youcai Li, Peiwei Shi

{"title":"Research Trends and ‘Space-Sky-Ground-Underground’ Monitoring Technology Analysis of Landslide Hazard","authors":"Gang Cheng, Haoyu Zhang, Ye Wang, Bin Shi, Lei Zhang, Jinghong Wu, Qinliang You, Youcai Li, Peiwei Shi","doi":"10.3390/w16142005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142005","url":null,"abstract":"Landslide is a typical geological disaster distributed in most countries worldwide. Due to long-term natural weathering and human engineering disturbances, the instability of landslides is prone to occur. Once monitoring and disposal methods are implemented inappropriately, they can lead to landslide hazards, seriously threatening the safety of people’s lives and property. For a long time, extensive research on landslide monitoring has been conducted from various countries, providing crucial technical support for reducing the incidence and severity of landslide hazards. However, considering the complex geological conditions of actual landslides and the direct impact of internal and external factors such as rainfall, storms, and earthquakes, the early warning accuracy of landslide hazards is still relatively low. Therefore, based on advanced research achievements, it is significant to carry out research on the current status and development trends of landslide monitoring technology. Based on the Web of Science core database, this study quantitatively analyzes the advanced research achievements in global landslide monitoring in the past decade using bibliometric analysis. A systematic analysis of landslide monitoring technology development is conducted according to each study’s publication time, keywords, and countries. On this basis, a multi-dimensional monitoring system for landslides was proposed, which utilizes the complementary advantages of multi-dimensional monitoring technology to achieve all-round, high-precision, and real-time monitoring of landslides. Finally, taking the Xinpu landslide in the Three Gorges Region of China as an example, a multi-source and multi-field-monitoring experiment was conducted. The application of landslide multi-field-monitoring technology provides an essential reference for monitoring, early warning, as well as the scientific prevention and control of landslide hazard.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Machine Learning Models for Short-Term Prediction of Dissolved Oxygen in a Microtidal Estuary 使用机器学习模型对微潮河口的溶解氧进行短期预测

Water Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/w16141998

Mina Gachloo, Qianqian Liu, Yang Song, Guozhi Wang, Shuhao Zhang, Nathan Hall

{"title":"Using Machine Learning Models for Short-Term Prediction of Dissolved Oxygen in a Microtidal Estuary","authors":"Mina Gachloo, Qianqian Liu, Yang Song, Guozhi Wang, Shuhao Zhang, Nathan Hall","doi":"10.3390/w16141998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16141998","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive approach to predicting short-term (for the upcoming 2 weeks) changes in estuarine dissolved oxygen concentrations via machine learning models that integrate historical water sampling, historical and upcoming 2-week meteorological data, and river discharge and discharge metrics. Dissolved oxygen is a critical indicator of ecosystem health, and this approach is implemented for the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, U.S.A., which has a long history of hypoxia-related habitat degradation. Through meticulous data preprocessing and feature selection, this research evaluates the predictions of dissolved oxygen concentrations by comparing a recurrent neural network with four other models, including a Multilayer Perceptron, Long Short-Term Memory, Gradient Boosting, and AutoKeras, through sensitivity experiments. The input predictors to our prediction models include water temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll-a, aggregated river discharge, and aggregated wind based on eight directions. By emphasizing the most impactful predictors, we streamlined the model-building processes and built a hindcast system from 2015 to 2019. We found that the recurrent neural network model was most effective in predicting the dissolved oxygen concentrations, with an R2 value of 0.99 at multiple stations. Different from our machine learning hindcast models that used observed upcoming meteorological and discharge data, an actual forecast system would use forecasted meteorological and discharge data. Therefore, an actual operational forecast may have lower accuracy than the hindcast, as determined by the accuracy of the predicted meteorological and discharge data. Nevertheless, our studies enhance our understanding of the factors influencing dissolved oxygen variability and set the basis for the implementation of a predictive tool for environmental monitoring and management. We also emphasized the importance of building station-specific models to improve the prediction results.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probability-Based Propagation Characteristics from Meteorological to Hydrological Drought and Their Dynamics in the Wei River Basin, China 中国渭河流域从气象干旱到水文干旱的基于概率的传播特征及其动态变化

Water Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/w16141999

Meng Du, Yongjia Liu, Shengzhi Huang, Hao Zheng, Qiang Huang

{"title":"Probability-Based Propagation Characteristics from Meteorological to Hydrological Drought and Their Dynamics in the Wei River Basin, China","authors":"Meng Du, Yongjia Liu, Shengzhi Huang, Hao Zheng, Qiang Huang","doi":"10.3390/w16141999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16141999","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the propagation characteristics and driving factors from meteorological drought to hydrological drought is essential for alleviating drought and for early warning systems regarding drought. This study focused on the Weihe River basin (WRB) and its two subregions (the Jinghe River (JRB) and the middle reaches of the Weihe River (MWRB)), utilizing the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) to characterize meteorological and hydrological drought, respectively. Based on Copula theory and conditional probability, a quantification model for the propagation time (PT) of meteorological–hydrological drought was constructed. The dynamic characteristics of PT on annual and seasonal scales were explored. Additionally, the influences of different seasonal meteorological factors and underlying surface factors on the dynamic changes in PT were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The PT of meteorological–hydrological drought was characterized by faster propagation during the hot months (June–September) and slower propagation during the cold months (December to March of the following year); (2) Under the same level of hydrological drought, as the level of meteorological drought increases, the PT of the drought shortens. The propagation thresholds of meteorological to hydrological drought in the WRB, the JRB, and the MWRB are −0.69, −0.81, and −0.78, respectively. (3) In the dynamic changes in PT, the WRB showed a non-significant decrease; however, both the JRB and the MWRB exhibited a significant increase in PT across different drought levels. (4) The influence of the water and heat status during spring, summer, and winter on PT was more pronounced, while in autumn, the impact of the basin’s water storage and discharge status was more significant in the JRB and the MWRB.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Investigation of Film Thickness in Wastewater Airlift Pumps by an Image Processing Method 利用图像处理方法对废水气力泵中的膜厚进行实验研究

Water Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/w16142010

Min Jiang, Zhineng Wang, Bingzheng Chen

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Film Thickness in Wastewater Airlift Pumps by an Image Processing Method","authors":"Min Jiang, Zhineng Wang, Bingzheng Chen","doi":"10.3390/w16142010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142010","url":null,"abstract":"The airlift pump is a key part of wastewater treatment and is employed as an innovative and feasible collection tool. However, as one of the key factors in the lifting capability of airlift pumps, film thickness in the gas–liquid two-phase flow operating in pumps is still an unknown topic because it is difficult to measure. This paper proposes a visualization method for measuring film thickness and investigates the film thickness when operating under gas flow with a high rate in airlift pumps using experiments. Firstly, a simulation experiment platform was built, and the images of the film structure were acquired by a high-speed camera. Then, image-processing technology and an image distortion correction were proposed to extract the gas–liquid interface for studying the thickness of the film. The experimental results demonstrated that a large film thickness ranging from 0.15 D to 0.24 D was found in airlift pumps and that its film thickness kept a constant value, even under a high gas superficial velocity, maintaining a large output liquid flow from airlift pumps. As wastewater was carried by wastewater treatment, a larger film thickness of the annular film will benefit the high lifting rate of wastewater. The works in this paper offer valuable insights for the higher performance of working airlift pumps and wastewater treatment efficiency.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Influence of the Digital Economy on Marine Pollution Mitigation: A Spatial Econometric Study of Coastal China 探索数字经济对减轻海洋污染的影响：中国沿海空间计量经济学研究

Water Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/w16141990

Wangfang Xu, Qianqian Wang, Longbao Wei

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of the Digital Economy on Marine Pollution Mitigation: A Spatial Econometric Study of Coastal China","authors":"Wangfang Xu, Qianqian Wang, Longbao Wei","doi":"10.3390/w16141990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16141990","url":null,"abstract":"This work employs the spatial econometric model to explore the potential relation between the condition of marine ecosystems and the rapid development of the digital economy (DE), focusing on the coastal area of China. While the environmental benefits of the DE are well studied regarding the land and atmospheric pollution, its influence on marine pollution (MP) remains underexplored, and this work aims to fill in this gap. By analyzing panel data from 42 coastal cities in China using a spatial Durbin model to examine both the direct and indirect impacts of the DE on MP, the results highlight the positive role that the DE plays in reducing MP, benefitting not only the local marine environments but also those of neighboring areas through non-negligible spatial spillover effects. In addition, we find a non-linear, inverted U-shaped relationship between the DE and MP. These results are further confirmed through extensive robustness tests. This work enriches the field of environmental economics by reporting the first empirical study on the marine benefits of the DE and offers policy recommendations to optimize digital technologies for marine environmental preservation.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Non-Uniform Inflow Effects on Impeller Forces in Axial-Flow Pumps Operating as Turbines 轴流泵作为涡轮机运行时非均匀流入对叶轮力影响的研究

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/w16101428

K. Kan, Qingying Zhang, Hui Xu, J. Feng, Zhenguo Song, Jianping Cheng, Dr. Maxime Binama

引用次数: 0

Effective Stakeholder Management for Inclusive Post-Flood Management: Sri Lanka as a Case Study 有效的利益相关者管理促进洪灾后的包容性管理：斯里兰卡案例研究

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/w16101429

Kalindu Mendis, Menaha Thayaparan, Yamuna Kaluarachchi, Bingunath Ingirige

{"title":"Effective Stakeholder Management for Inclusive Post-Flood Management: Sri Lanka as a Case Study","authors":"Kalindu Mendis, Menaha Thayaparan, Yamuna Kaluarachchi, Bingunath Ingirige","doi":"10.3390/w16101429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101429","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine post-flood management, with a particular focus on enhancing the inclusivity of marginalised communities through stakeholder analysis. This study was based on an interpretivist mixed method approach, under which 30 semi-structured stakeholder interviews were conducted. Interest versus power versus actual engagement matrix, social network analysis, and thematic analysis techniques were employed under the stakeholder analysis tool to analyse the collected data. The findings highlight the lack of clearly defined responsibilities among key stakeholders. Marginalised communities and community-based organisations have a high level of interests but a low level of power in decision making, resulting in weak engagement and the exclusion of their perceptions. This lack of collaboration and coordination among stakeholders has made marginalised communities more vulnerable in post-flood situations, as their interests are not defended. The findings emphasise the importance of conducting stakeholder analysis in the decision-making process to enhance stakeholder engagement and interaction, as well as promote inclusivity of marginalised communities in the post-flood recovery efforts of the government. Finally, this study recommends developing strategies to improve collaboration among stakeholders, fostering inclusiveness and customising these strategies according to the different types of stakeholders identified through stakeholder analysis.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of Phytoplankton Primary Productivity in Qinghai Lake Using Ocean Color Satellite Data: Seasonal and Interannual Variations 利用海洋颜色卫星数据估算青海湖浮游植物初级生产力：季节和年际变化

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/w16101433

X. Ban, Yingchao Dang, Peng Shu, Hongfang Qi, Ying Luo, F. Xiao, Qi Feng, Yadong Zhou

引用次数: 0

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