Pharmacia最新文献

{"title":"The pharmacological and clinical aspects of using gentamicin in cardiac surgery","authors":"Ali Mohammed, Laith Saleh Alkaaby, Nada Alshawi","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124486","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious postoperative complication after cardiac surgery. The objective of this research is to examine the efficacy of administering gentamicin in minimizing the incidence of SSI while closely monitoring the therapeutic level of the drug. Prospective research included 50 Iraqi patients divided into two groups, 25 in each: Group 1 received a combination of flucloxacillin and ceftriaxone, while Group 2 received a combination of flucloxacillin and gentamicin 2 mg/kg of ideal body weight given before surgery, then 80 mg*3 for 48 hours after surgery. A total of five patients had an infection at the surgical site, with four patients in Group 1 and one patient in Group 2. Additionally, two patients in each group exhibited increased renal indices. Among the patients in Group 2, the highest concentration of gentamicin in the blood was ≤ 2.5 µg/ml for eight patients, while for 17 patients, the gentamicin concentration in the blood ranged from 3 to 4.4 µg/ml.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing metabolomics techniques in the acceleration of the discovery of new antidiabetic bioactive metabolites obtained from Quercus coccifera","authors":"Saif Aldeen Jaber","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e123737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e123737","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolomics is a technique used to compare the chemical profiles of different extracts. Natural sources like plants can be used, after being linked with metabolomics, to enhance the ability of drug discovery. A multivariate analysis and metabolomics profiling were performed on Quercus coccifera leaf extracts using LC-HRMS and NMR raw data using the SIMCA 14.0 program. All multivariate analyses were guided by the results of the α-amylase and -glucosidase inhibitory activity of the produced extracts. Both boiled water and methanolic extracts were selected to be active, with a percentage of inhibition higher than 80% upon using 1 mg/ml of each extract. The rest of the extract was found to be inactive and failed to obtain biological activity greater than 40%. Only methanolic extract was found to have a unique chemical profile and was found as an outlayer in both the supervised and unsupervised PCA scatter plots. The rest of the extracts were found to exert a known chemical profile and were found inside the domain. In addition, the OPLS-DA loading plot and heat map indicate the presence of a highly diverse chemical profile in methanol, with higher and lower chemical shifts and molecular weights. Both boiled water and methanol extracts were found to exert similar activity, but metabolomics profiling shows that methanolic extract contains a unique chemical profile and should be selected for a further fraction for the possible discovery of a new antidiabetic compound.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"56 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic vasculitis associated with anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Bulgaria – epidemiological, health-demographic and clinical-pharmacological real-world data","authors":"I. Parvova, T. Delyiski, Parvoleta Peteva, Lubomir Marinchev, E. Hristov, E. Yordanov, V. Petkova","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e125421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e125421","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic vasculitides are rare and heterogeneous diseases affecting different organs and systems with varying degrees of severity depending on the type of vessels affected. The etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. Immunе mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis: deposition of immune complexes, autoantibodies (anti-endothelial and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, cellular and molecular responses, granulomas, and endothelial cell damage. All vasculitides are “rare diseases”. ANCA- associated vasculitis has an incidence of 20 cases/1 million population. Without treatment, mortality is >90% within up to 5 years. We conducted a two-centre, retrospective, observational, non- interventional, epidemiological, health-demographic, clinical-pharmacological study to evaluate ANCA-associated vasculitis in Bulgaria. From 2018 to 2021, we screened 12 individuals with Wegener’s granulomatosis. The analyzed population is approximately 60% of the patients in Bulgaria. The time from symptom onset to diagnosis is short, but the diagnosis is made at an advanced stage of the disease - the measured BVAS version 3 activity is moderate-severe.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology exploration to reveal molecular insights of Phyllanthus niruri in non-alcoholic fatty liver: In vitro and in silico evidence","authors":"Anuragh Singh, Vellapandian Chitra, K. Ilango","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e124595","url":null,"abstract":"The hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, associated with various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol, is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite several research efforts, no approved medicine is currently available for the treatment of this illness. Swiss Target Prediction was used to screen phytochemicals. To examine potential targets, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was developed. Cytoscape was used to create the component-target-pathway (C-T-P) network, and AutoDock was used to assess molecular docking. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities were tested in vitro. Naringenin, ellagic acid, and cyanidin were found to be the main active components. As important targets, PPARA, PPARG, and AKT1 were selected. Through enrichment analysis, a total of 20 crucial signaling pathways, including insulin resistance (IR), NAFLD, relaxin, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, AGE-RAGE, and MAPK, were identified. The in silico computational techniques predicted the molecular pathway for the active ingredients and the disease targets, thus helping to further research.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitalization of health care and aspects of implementing electronic prescriptions in Bulgaria","authors":"Atanas Toshev, Elina S Petkova-Gueorguieva, A. Mihaylova, V. Kirkov, V. Madzharov, H. Lebanova, Svetoslav Stoev, S. Gueorguiev","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e130302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e130302","url":null,"abstract":"The digitization of health systems is a topic of immense significance for the modern world. It holds the potential to transform the delivery of healthcare services, enhancing their quality, efficiency, and accessibility. Electronic prescriptions are a key element of this process, but it is crucial to ensure their implementation protects patients’ personal data and privacy. This article examines the digitization of health systems in Bulgaria, with a focus on electronic prescriptions. It highlights aspects of data protection, the potential risks associated with data misuse, and the advantages of electronic prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"69 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spray-dried microparticles of turmeric extract for improved delivery and low toxicity","authors":"C. T. Yupanqui, Anunya Suksanga, Sutasinee Ardhanwanich, S. Ungphaiboon","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e126108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e126108","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to enhance the delivery of turmeric by encapsulating its extract within microparticles using chitosan and mannitol through the spray drying technique and to assess their acute oral toxicity. The resulting microparticles were spherical, with an average diameter of 4 microns, and comprised 17% curcuminoids and 4% ar-turmerone. In vitro studies demonstrated that these microparticles had a higher release rate of curcuminoids compared to raw turmeric extract and preserved antioxidant activity. In the acute toxicity study, conducted in Wistar rats with a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg, no acute toxic symptoms were observed. According to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, the microparticles were categorized as having relatively low acute toxicity (category 5). These findings support the potential utility of the microparticles in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical applications due to their effective delivery properties and safety profile.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"3 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular docking, ADMET, synthesis and evaluation of new indomethacin hydrazide derivatives as antibacterial agents","authors":"Yaseen S. Hamdoon, Mohammed K. Hadi","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127784","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections pose an ongoing challenge due to resistance developed by infectious bacteria. So much research targeting designing new antibacterials is published annually. Our goal is to synthesize compounds that have given antibacterial activity according to molecular docking against the chosen target protein and that have acceptable ADMET properties that can be synthesized and used in the future. New 2-(5-methoxy-1-(4-chlorobenzene)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide derivatives’ antibacterial efficacy against two common strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms has been developed, produced, and investigated. Sophisticated, modern analytical methods, including ATR-FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, were used to determine their spectral and physicochemical features. Compound YA3N is more effective than ciprofloxacin against K. pneumonia (MIC = 125 µg/mL) and shows good suppression of isolated tests of E. coli (MIC = 125 µg/mL). While compound YA4C demonstrated comparable suppression of S. pyogenes strains (MIC = 250 µg/mL), compounds YA3S and YA4B exhibit lesser activity towards the tested strain of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nano-herbal Phaleria macrocarpa on physiological evaluation in Rattus norvegicus","authors":"Leo Simanjuntak, Cheryl Grace Pratiwi Rumahorbo","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127565","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia, a complex pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, poses significant risks to maternal and perinatal health. Despite extensive research, its etiology remains elusive. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of nano-herbal Phaleria macrocarpa, a medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in a rat model of preeclampsia. The study elucidates the formulation’s effects through a multifaceted evaluation of physiological parameters, including blood pressure, organ weight, and complete blood counts. Pregnant rats were divided into five treatment groups (C-, C+, C1, T1, T2, and T3) and intraperitoneally injected with prednisone and 6% NaCl for 14 days to induce preeclampsia. Preeclamptic rats exhibited a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. C- served as the negative control and C+ as the positive control; C1 received nifedipine, while T1, T2, and T3 received varying doses of the herbal formulation. Blood pressure was measured on days 5, 13, and 20 of pregnancy, with a complete blood count and organ weight analyses conducted on the final treatment day. The results indicated significant differences among the three administered doses. The T3 group (720 mg/kg BW) exhibited noteworthy similarities to nifedipine. Implementing the T3 dosage demonstrated superior efficacy in preserving blood pressure, a complete blood profile, and organ health in preeclampsia rat models. Substantial reductions in diastolic blood pressure, changes in organ weights, and enhancements in hematological parameters supported these findings, underscoring the potential of Phaleria macrocarpa as both an antihypertensive and organ-protective agent.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"84 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational design and validation of siRNA molecules to silence oncogenic CTNNB1 mRNA as a potential therapeutic strategy against hepatitis B/C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Lauren Emily Fajardo, Mark Andrian B Macalalad, N. M. Odchimar, John Christian de Guzman, Fredmoore L. Orosco","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e127981","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma cases are caused by infection with hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) viruses. CTNNB1 is the most mutated oncogene in HBV- and HCV-associated tumors. CTNNB1 mutations can lead to β-catenin accumulation, resulting in tumor progression. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to silence CTNNB1 mRNA. After prediction and evaluation, four siRNAs were found to have the highest silencing potential. All four siRNAs had an acceptable GC content, no palindromic sequences, no off-targets, were thermostable, and had accessible target sites. Molecular docking of the siRNAs to Argonaute 2 demonstrated favorable docking scores within the binding pocket for three siRNAs. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy calculations demonstrated that the siRNAs steadily remained in the binding pocket. In this study, three siRNAs were successfully designed to silence oncogenic CTNNB1 mRNA as a therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma and warrant further in vitro and in vivo validation.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":"83 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life assessment in pediatric nephrotic syndrome in North Sumatera Province: Parent-and-child proxy report","authors":"Ika Citra Dewi Tanjung, Dina Keumala Sari, O. R. Ramayani, M. Amin, B. Medise, M. Rusda, Masitha Dewi Sari, Nuraiza Meutia","doi":"10.3897/pharmacia.71.e128428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e128428","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a pediatric kidney disease with a high recurrence rate, impacting patient quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the QoL of NS children in North Sumatera using a parent-and-child proxy report.\u0000 Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (February–December 2023) in the nephrology and growth and developmental outpatient ward, Pediatrics Department, Adam Malik Hospital, and Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria for cases were children aged 5–18 who met the diagnostic criteria of NS. Cases were age-matched with healthy children as controls. The PedsQL 4.0 generic core scale instrument was used for the QoL assessment. Normally distributed continuous data were expressed as the mean and standard deviation; categorical data were expressed as proportions. Differences between the groups were analyzed using an independent t-test, and the correlation of illness duration and daily steroid dose with QoL was determined using the Pearson correlation test.\u0000 Results: A total of 44 NS pediatric patients were age-matched with 44 healthy children. A significant difference in QoL existed between the school scores of the NS and healthy groups in the parent proxy report (p = 0.001) and between the school score and total score of the child proxy report (p = 0.003 and p = 0.040, respectively). A significant difference in QoL existed in emotional scores between the remission and relapse groups in the parent-and-child proxy reports (p = 0.019 and 0.030, respectively). A significant negative correlation existed between the daily steroid dose and QoL in school and the total score of the parent proxy report (p = 0.025; r = –0.338).\u0000 Conclusion: The parent and child reports revealed a significant difference in QoL between the school scores of NS pediatric patients and healthy children. A significant difference in the emotional scores of NS pediatric patients in remission and relapse was also observed. The daily steroid dose was negatively correlated with the school score in the parent proxy report.","PeriodicalId":508564,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacia","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}