Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine最新文献

Communication with patients suffering from serious physical illness. 与患有严重身体疾病的患者进行沟通。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369050

Luigi Grassi, Rosangela Caruso, Anna Costantini

{"title":"Communication with patients suffering from serious physical illness.","authors":"Luigi Grassi, Rosangela Caruso, Anna Costantini","doi":"10.1159/000369050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000369050","url":null,"abstract":"Communication is the corner stone of the relationship with the patient in all medical settings with the main aims of creating a good inter-personal relationship, exchanging information, and making treatment-related decisions. In a rapidly changing cultural and social context, the paternalistic approach of doctors knowing the best and deciding what should be done for a patient has been replaced by a shared decision-making approach, with patients being advised to educate themselves, ask questions and influence the course of the discussion with their doctors. Thus, a need for an improvement in the communication skills of physicians is extremely important for patients affected by serious physical illness (e.g. cancer, HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Certain attitudes, behaviour and skills (e.g. capacity to impart confidence, being empathetic, providing a 'human touch', relating on a personal level, being forthright, being respectful, and being thorough) are part of effective communication. However, some specific aspects influencing doctor-patient communication and relationships, such as personality variables, coping and attachment styles, as well as cultural factors, should also be taken in to account. The development of training curricula to help doctors acquire proper skills in communication is mandatory, since research has shown that training in communication may facilitate the effectiveness of a doctor-patient relationship and the patient's satisfaction with care and give a general sense of humanity, which is easily lost in a biotechnologically oriented medicine.","PeriodicalId":50851,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"10-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000369050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33180758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Psychodermatology. Psychodermatology。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369090

Gabrielle E Brown, Mona Malakouti, Eric Sorenson, Rishu Gupta, John Y M Koo

引用次数: 2

Telomeres, early-life stress and mental illness. 端粒，早期生活压力和精神疾病。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369088

Samuel J Ridout, Kathryn K Ridout, Hung-Teh Kao, Linda L Carpenter, Noah S Philip, Audrey R Tyrka, Lawrence H Price

{"title":"Telomeres, early-life stress and mental illness.","authors":"Samuel J Ridout, Kathryn K Ridout, Hung-Teh Kao, Linda L Carpenter, Noah S Philip, Audrey R Tyrka, Lawrence H Price","doi":"10.1159/000369088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000369088","url":null,"abstract":"Telomeres are structures of tandem TTAGGG repeats that are found at the ends of chromosomes and preserve genomic DNA by serving as a disposable buffer to protect DNA termini during chromosome replication. In this process, the telomere itself shortens with each cell division and can consequently be thought of as a cellular 'clock', reflecting the age of a cell and the time until senescence. Telomere shortening and changes in the levels of telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, occur in the context of certain somatic diseases and in response to selected physical stressors. Emerging evidence indicates that telomeres shorten with exposure to psychosocial stress (including early-life stress) and perhaps in association with some psychiatric disorders. These discoveries suggest that telomere shortening might be a useful biomarker for the overall stress response of an organism to various pathogenic conditions. In this regard, telomeres and their response to both somatic and psychiatric illness could serve as a unifying stress-response biomarker that crosses the brain/body distinction that is often made in medicine. Prospective studies will help to clarify whether this biomarker has broad utility in psychiatry and medicine for the evaluation of responses to psychosocial stressors. The possibility that telomere shortening can be slowed or reversed by psychiatric and psychosocial interventions could represent an opportunity for developing novel preventative and therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":50851,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"92-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000369088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33182881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Coping with losses, grief, and mourning in prostate cancer. 应对前列腺癌患者的损失、悲伤和哀悼。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369089

Daniela Wittmann

引用次数: 6

Joint hypermobility, anxiety and psychosomatics: two and a half decades of progress toward a new phenotype. 关节过度活动，焦虑和身心疾病:25年来新表现型的进展。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369113

Antoni Bulbena, Guillem Pailhez, Andrea Bulbena-Cabré, Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué, Carolina Baeza-Velasco

{"title":"Joint hypermobility, anxiety and psychosomatics: two and a half decades of progress toward a new phenotype.","authors":"Antoni Bulbena, Guillem Pailhez, Andrea Bulbena-Cabré, Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué, Carolina Baeza-Velasco","doi":"10.1159/000369113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000369113","url":null,"abstract":"The strong association between a heritable collagen condition and anxiety was an unexpected finding that we first described in 1988 at the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona. Since then, several clinical and nonclinical studies have been carried out. In this paper, after summarizing the concept and diagnosis of joint hypermobility (hyperlaxity), we review case-control studies in both directions (anxiety in joint hypermobility and joint hypermobility in anxiety disorders) as well as studies on nonclinical samples, review papers and one incidence study. The collected evidence tends to confirm the strength of the association described two and a half decades ago. The common mechanisms that are involved in this association include genetics, autonomic nervous system dysfunctions and interoceptive and exteroceptive processes. Considering clinical and nonclinical data, pathophysiological mechanisms and the presented nosological status, we suggest a new Neuroconnective phenotype, which around a common core Anxiety-Collagen hyperlaxity, includes five dimensions: behavioral, psychopathology, somatic symptoms, somatosensory symptoms, and somatic illnesses. It is envisaged that new descriptions of anxiety disorders and of some psychosomatic conditions will emerge and that different nosological approaches will be required. The Neuroconnective model is a proposal that is under study and may be useful for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":50851,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"143-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000369113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33182882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Forensic issues in medical evaluation: competency and end-of-life issues. 医学评估中的法医问题:能力和生命终结问题。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369083

Sherif Soliman, Ryan C W Hall

{"title":"Forensic issues in medical evaluation: competency and end-of-life issues.","authors":"Sherif Soliman, Ryan C W Hall","doi":"10.1159/000369083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000369083","url":null,"abstract":"Decision-making capacity is a common reason for psychiatric consultation that is likely to become more common as the population ages. Capacity assessments are frequently compromised by misconceptions, such as the belief that incapacity is permanent or that patients with dementia categorically lack capacity. This chapter will review the conceptual framework of decision-making capacity and discuss its application to medical decision-making. We will review selected developments in capacity assessment and recommend an approach to assessing decision-making capacity. We will discuss the unique challenges posed by end-of-life care, including determining capacity, identifying surrogate decision-makers, and working with surrogate decision-makers. We will discuss clinical and legal approaches to incapacity, including advance directives, surrogate decision-makers, and guardians. We will discuss the legal standards based on which surrogates make medical decisions and outline options for resolving disagreements between clinical staff and surrogate decision-makers. We will offer recommendations for approaching decision-making capacity assessments.","PeriodicalId":50851,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"36-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000369083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33180760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue: the underlying biology and related theoretical issues. 纤维肌痛和慢性疲劳:潜在生物学和相关理论问题。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369085

Graziella F Romano, Simona Tomassi, Alice Russell, Valeria Mondelli, Carmine M Pariante

{"title":"Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue: the underlying biology and related theoretical issues.","authors":"Graziella F Romano, Simona Tomassi, Alice Russell, Valeria Mondelli, Carmine M Pariante","doi":"10.1159/000369085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000369085","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing interest in understanding the biological mechanism underpinning fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Despite the presence of mixed findings in this area, a few biological systems have been consistently involved, and the increasing number of studies in the field is encouraging. This chapter will focus on inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways and on the neuroendocrine system, which have been more commonly examined. Chronic inflammation, together with raised levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, has been increasingly associated with the manifestation of symptoms such as pain, fatigue, impaired memory, and depression, which largely characterise at least some patients suffering from CFS and FM. Furthermore, the presence of blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, with reduced cortisol secretion both at baseline and in response to stimulation tests, suggests a role for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol in the pathogenesis of these syndromes. However, to what extent these systems' abnormalities could be considered as primary or secondary factors causing FM and CFS has yet to be clarified.","PeriodicalId":50851,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"61-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000369085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33180763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Then and now … HIV consultation psychiatry update. 过去和现在……艾滋病咨询精神病学更新。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369839

Harold W Goforth, Matthew Bader, Francisco Fernandez

引用次数: 0

Psychosomatic medicine in the 21st century: understanding mechanisms and barriers to utilization. 21世纪的心身医学:了解机制和利用障碍。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369043

Thomas N Wise, Richard Balon

{"title":"Psychosomatic medicine in the 21st century: understanding mechanisms and barriers to utilization.","authors":"Thomas N Wise, Richard Balon","doi":"10.1159/000369043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000369043","url":null,"abstract":"The psychosomatic approach arose in antiquity as mankind looked for explanations for illness and death. With the rise of modern medicine, the links between emotions and medical conditions, such as cardiac disease and diabetes, were described by astute clinical observers, but the mechanisms for these conditions were based on correlation from observations rather than on experimental design. Psychoanalytic theory was often utilized to explain many common diseases. For example, peptic ulcer disease was blamed upon anger and stress, but scientific methodology discovered Helicobacter pylori to be the significant causal factor of this disease and resulted in the development of more effective treatments. Nevertheless emotional factors are still linked to disease states and morbidity; for example, depression is a risk factor for mortality following myocardial infarction. Advances in neuroscience demonstrate that the reduction of telomere length by anxiety and stress leads to more rapid aging and potential disease vulnerability. Thus, neuroscientific probes may allow for the elucidation of psychosomatic mechanisms. Sadly, clinical barriers, in terms of time pressure upon physicians and the current separation of mental health services from primary care settings, continue the dualistic treatment of many conditions where psychological factors are important. It is not clear whether a mandate for the integration of behavioral health into primary care will remedy this partition and finally maximize a psychosomatic approach to medical care.","PeriodicalId":50851,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine","volume":"34 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000369043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33181350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Huntington's disease: looking beyond the movement disorder. 亨廷顿舞蹈症:超越运动障碍。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1159/000369111

Mary K Morreale

引用次数: 19