端粒,早期生活压力和精神疾病。

Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI:10.1159/000369088
Samuel J Ridout, Kathryn K Ridout, Hung-Teh Kao, Linda L Carpenter, Noah S Philip, Audrey R Tyrka, Lawrence H Price
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引用次数: 41

摘要

端粒是在染色体末端发现的串联TTAGGG重复序列结构,在染色体复制过程中作为一次性缓冲物保护DNA末端,从而保存基因组DNA。在这个过程中,端粒本身随着每次细胞分裂而缩短,因此可以被认为是一个细胞的“时钟”,反映细胞的年龄和到衰老的时间。端粒缩短和端粒酶(维持端粒的酶)水平的变化,发生在某些躯体疾病的背景下,以及对选定的物理压力源的反应。新出现的证据表明,端粒随着暴露于社会心理压力(包括早期生活压力)而缩短,可能与某些精神疾病有关。这些发现表明,端粒缩短可能是一种有用的生物标志物,用于生物体对各种致病条件的整体应激反应。在这方面,端粒及其对躯体和精神疾病的反应可以作为一种统一的应激反应生物标志物,跨越了医学上经常做出的大脑/身体区分。前瞻性研究将有助于澄清这种生物标志物是否在精神病学和医学中对社会心理压力源反应的评估具有广泛的实用性。端粒缩短的可能性可以通过精神病学和社会心理干预来减缓或逆转,这可能为开发新的预防和治疗方法提供了机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Telomeres, early-life stress and mental illness.

Telomeres, early-life stress and mental illness.

Telomeres are structures of tandem TTAGGG repeats that are found at the ends of chromosomes and preserve genomic DNA by serving as a disposable buffer to protect DNA termini during chromosome replication. In this process, the telomere itself shortens with each cell division and can consequently be thought of as a cellular 'clock', reflecting the age of a cell and the time until senescence. Telomere shortening and changes in the levels of telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, occur in the context of certain somatic diseases and in response to selected physical stressors. Emerging evidence indicates that telomeres shorten with exposure to psychosocial stress (including early-life stress) and perhaps in association with some psychiatric disorders. These discoveries suggest that telomere shortening might be a useful biomarker for the overall stress response of an organism to various pathogenic conditions. In this regard, telomeres and their response to both somatic and psychiatric illness could serve as a unifying stress-response biomarker that crosses the brain/body distinction that is often made in medicine. Prospective studies will help to clarify whether this biomarker has broad utility in psychiatry and medicine for the evaluation of responses to psychosocial stressors. The possibility that telomere shortening can be slowed or reversed by psychiatric and psychosocial interventions could represent an opportunity for developing novel preventative and therapeutic approaches.

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期刊介绍: The importance of psychosomatic research has been greatly reinforced by evidence demonstrating that psychological phenomena may have distinct effects on human health. Recognizing the complexity of interactions between personality and physical illness, this series employs an interdisciplinary strategy to explore areas where knowledge from psychosomatic medicine may aid in the prevention of specific diseases or help meet the emotional demands of hospitalized patients. In each work, the editor has managed to bring together distinguished contributors, creating a series of coherent and comprehensive reviews on a variety of novel topics.
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