Advances in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"An integrated hybrid deep learning data driven approaches for spatiotemporal mapping of land susceptibility to salt/dust emissions","authors":"Bakhtiar Feizizadeh ,&nbsp;Peyman Yariyan ,&nbsp;Murat Yakar ,&nbsp;Thomas Blaschke ,&nbsp;Nasser A. Saif Almuraqab","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main problems in arid and semi-arid climates, which leads to environmental, economic, and health consequences, is dust storm. Dust causes significant environmental disasters worldwide and poses a threat to human life and property. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms for sensitivity to dust emissions analysis. To achieve this, two sets of datasets were utilised in the Urmia Lake basin: one containing detected dust points and the other comprising various environmental, physical, and climatic factors that influence dust distribution. Hybrid deep learning algorithms were applied using an innovative approach and integrated with a clustering technique. To achieve this goal, convolutional neural networks (CNN), deep belief networks (DBN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), long short-term memory (LSTM), restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), and recurrent neural networks (RNN) were employed as effective deep learning algorithms to analyse the results. The optimisation and aggregation of different classifications for each factor were developed as the basis of spatiotemporal modelling. The inclusion of multiple factors was intended for a comprehensive investigation of dust triggers and intensifiers, and combined modelling with various models enhanced the validity and efficiency of the results. The models’ performance and prediction accuracy were assessed using statistical indices, including the mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC).. The MSE and RMSE results for the models based on real and predicted data demonstrate the high accuracy of the DBN, RNN, RBM, GAN, CNN, and LSTM models. Moreover, during validation, results pointed out that the ROC values of the algorithms were relatively similar. The ROC values in the training phase of the six hybrid models ranged from 0.939 to 0.966, indicating the high accuracy of the models’ learning. The GAN model indicated the highest learning success with an ROC of 0.966 in the training set, whereas the DBN model showed the best performance in prediction with an ROC of 0.915. This study identified soil depth as the most influential factor in dust occurrence in the area, with temperature and humidity having the least impact. The results of this study are critical from the geoinformation perspective, as an interdisciplinary field of science by means of applying various methods and evaluating their efficiency in analysing environmental impacts and assessing salt/dust distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7112-7134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing change detection in multi-temporal optical images using a novel multi-scale deep learning approach based on LSTM","authors":"Sahand Tahermanesh,&nbsp;Mehdi Mokhtarzade,&nbsp;Behnam Asghari Beirami","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-temporal change detection is crucial for effective environmental monitoring and resource management, enabling informed decision-making in diverse applications such as urban planning, agriculture, and disaster response. Traditional methods, such as pixel-based differencing, Change Vector Analysis, threshold-based approaches applied to spectral indices like NDVI, and Support Vector Machine post-classification, often fail to effectively capture spectral-spatial relationships. This limitation arises from their focus on individual pixels without considering neighboring pixel information, resulting in lower accuracy for change detection and classification tasks. This study aims to enhance change detection performance in remote sensing applications using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based deep learning models. Despite the success of deep learning in image processing, challenges remain in obtaining diverse and sufficient training data and addressing spatial scale variations. To tackle these issues, we implemented a semi-automated stage that performs clustering on temporal information from optical time series images. Experts then assign semantic information to these clusters, ensuring representative and diverse training samples while reducing redundancy. The collected data are used to train our proposed deep models, which are specifically designed for change detection. We introduce two innovative deep learning models to improve change detection by extracting comprehensive spectral-spatial features. The first model, 3Branch-3DConvNet (3BDCN), uses data patches of various sizes to handle diverse spatial scales in the images. The second model, 3Branch-3DConvLSTMNet (3BDCLN), replaces the conventional CNN with a 3D-ConvLSTM block to better capture temporal and spectral dependencies in satellite data. Classified maps generated by these models are then processed to produce from-to-change maps, highlighting the changes detected in the study areas. Experiments conducted on three case study areas demonstrate that our models outperform conventional methods and are competitive with state-of-the-art approaches. On average, across all regions, the kappa coefficient improved by 1.5 %, 3.12 %, and 8.5 % compared to 3DCNN, MSCNN, and ANPC, respectively, underscoring the effectiveness of 3BDCLN in enhancing change map accuracy. This research also offers a scalable solution for effective environmental monitoring and change detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7082-7111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photometric analysis of the two δScuti stars 1SWASP J014624.11 + 491311.7 and ASAS 070257 + 1009.1","authors":"Mohamed Abdel-Sabour ,&nbsp;Mohamed I. Nouh ,&nbsp;Essam Elkholy ,&nbsp;Amr I. Basuny","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aim to use the photometric data of 1SWASP J014624.11 + 491311.7 (SWASP01 + 49) and ASAS 070257 + 1009.1 (ASAS07 + 10) obtained for the two stars with the 1.88 m telescope of Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO, Egypt) and superWASP database. We analyzed their light curves and applied the Discrete Fourier Transform to determine the pulsation frequencies. The star’s position in the H-R diagram confirms that the stars SWASP01 + 49 and ASAS07 + 10 are high amplitude δ Scuti stars. The peak-to-peak amplitude is 0.6 and 0.65 mag (<em>V</em>) with one mode present frequency <em>f</em>₁ = 10.1184414 ± 0.0027c/d with four harmonics and <em>f</em>₁ = 8.31858407 ± 0.0014113 with five harmonics for two stars respectively. We obtained increasing period change 1/<em>PdP</em>/<em>dt</em> = (0.178 ± 0.056 and 3.829 ± 0.2508) 10⁻⁹ yr⁻¹, respectively. We compare both stars in the <em>T</em>_eff − log <em>g</em> diagram with known δ Scuti stars, and the global physical parameters of the star are present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7739-7750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of solar activity on geomagnetic disturbances over cycles 23 and 24","authors":"Eid A. Amin ,&nbsp;Abdelrazek M.K. Shaltout ,&nbsp;Ali G.A. Abdelkawy ,&nbsp;M.M. Beheary ,&nbsp;R. Abdelhamid ,&nbsp;Amira Shimeis","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the relationship between the geomagnetic storms and solar events, building a reliable catalog of multi-geomagnetic storms in <strong>a period of August 1996 - December 2019</strong>. We analyze the effect of the solar activity on geomagnetic storms and their characteristics from various sources for the solar and solar wind datasets, including the minimum–maximum phases of cycles 23 and 24. Geomagnetic activities are higher in cycle 23 than cycle 24. We ultimately picked up 104 geomagnetic storms resulting from solar and interplanetary space (IP) sources with min-Dst index <span><math><mrow><mo>⩽</mo></mrow></math></span>-100 nT. We obtain a correlation coefficient (CC) between the average sunspot numbers (SSNs) and count number of events with a strong correlation of CC = 0.73. We found that most of the storms are associated with the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares. These storms are rarely associated with other events. We obtain the average CME speed contributed with geomagnetic storms of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 876 km/s, and find a medium correlation coefficient (R = 0.61) typically from the CME speed and the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. We noticed that events out of 54 (63<span><math><mrow><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span>) are full halo CMEs and 32 (37<span><math><mrow><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span>) are narrower and/or partial halo CMEs. We found that there exist seven largest storms with magnetic H component <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> 400 nT associated with severe and extreme storms during solar cycle 23. We present statistical analysis of 104 geomagnetic storms, where the multi-sources data are the solar wind speed, Dst-index, Ap-index, Kp-index, auroral electrojet (AE) index and north–south component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-Bz). We studied these storms based on their associations with CMEs, solar flares and CIRs in this period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6553-6570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing and analysis of BDS-2 B1I/B3I and BDS-3 B1C/B2a joint PPP considering inter system and frequency biases","authors":"Jianhui Liu ,&nbsp;Shirong Ye ,&nbsp;Fengyu Xia ,&nbsp;Pengzhi Wei ,&nbsp;Yongzhao Fan ,&nbsp;Yezhi Song","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the BeiDou navigation satellite system, including the second- (BDS-2) and third-generation (BDS-3) satellites, is extensively employed for high-precision positioning, navigation, and timing services by broadcasting multifrequency signals to users worldwide. Careful consideration of the inter system bias (ISB) and inter frequency bias (IFB) presented in BDS legacy and new signals, such as BDS-2 B1I/B3I and BDS-3 B1C/B2a, is a key prerequisite for high-precision BDS-2/3 joint precise point positioning (PPP). In this study, ISB and IFB parameters are introduced into the BDS-2 legacy signals and BDS-3 new signals joint PPP solution, and its effectiveness is systematically demonstrated by using BDS-2 B1I/B3I and BDS-3 B1C/B2a observations collected from 21 stations from day of year (DOY) 161 to190 in 2022. WUM (Wuhan University) and CNES (Center National d’Etudes Spatiales) precise products are employed in the PPP float solutions, while the PPP fixed solutions only used CNES products. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional method without considering the ISB and IFB between the BDS-2 legacy and BDS-3 new signals, introducing the ISB and IFB parameters effectively improves the accuracy of the PPP float and fixed solutions. BDS-2 B1I/B3I and BDS-3 B1C/B2a PPP float solutions achieve an average reduction of over 7.5 min shorter convergence times. For fixed solutions, the mean convergence speed, first fixing speed, and ambiguity fixing rate improve by 19.5 %, 20.6 %, and 16.6 %, respectively. The positioning accuracy in the east direction is improved by 11.8 %, 11.6 %, and 15.3 % for float (WUM, CNES) and fixed (CNES) solutions. Moreover, compared to the solution with only ISB estimation, the consideration of IFB contributes to reduce the PPP-fixed CT and to improve the ISB estimation stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7065-7081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous time synchronization scheme design for cislunar space navigation system","authors":"Yuehao Teng ,&nbsp;Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Youtao Gao ,&nbsp;Chaoyong Hu ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cislunar space navigation system (CSNS), constructed based on halo orbits and special long-period orbits (SLPO) near the Earth-Moon <em>L</em>₁ libration point, promises significant augmentations in the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. The cornerstone of CSNS lies in the autonomous time synchronization and clock frequency stability of SLPO satellites. In this study, an autonomous time synchronization scheme is proposed utilizing libration point navigation satellites as “space-based tracking stations” to establish inter-satellite links (ISLs) with SLPO satellites and integrate X-ray pulsar timing data, thus achieving satellite time synchronization and frequency stability. By simulating high-fidelity X-ray photon timestamps and precise inter-satellite ranging data as raw measurement data, we implemented orbit determination and time synchronization for SLPO satellites using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Additionally, we propose the onboard Vondrak-Cepek joint timing algorithm, which fully exploits the long-term stability of pulsars and the short-term stability of atomic clocks. Experimental results demonstrate that SLPO satellites equipped with high-stability and low-stability atomic clocks achieve timing precisions of 20 ns and 100 ns, respectively. Although the integration of X-ray pulsar data increases system complexity, it enhances the stability of the timing reference. The onboard joint ensemble timescale generated by the timing algorithm exhibits an order of magnitude improvement over the pulsar timescale in the short term, and maintains enhancements of 1 and 3 orders of magnitude in the long term compared to the two atomic time scales, the high-stability and the low- stability, respectively. This autonomous time synchronization scheme fully leverages the stability of pulsars and atomic clocks and can be applied to space time transfer services in similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7345-7364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mode transitions in Hall effect thrusters by Varying duty ratio under pulsating operation","authors":"Haochen Ma ,&nbsp;He Zheng ,&nbsp;Tiance Liang ,&nbsp;Jiapeng Li ,&nbsp;Liqiu Wei ,&nbsp;Liang Han ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Yongjie Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the operation of a Hall effect thruster, small changes in discharge voltage, mass flow, or magnetic field cause significant changes in the discharge mode of the thruster. Keeping other working conditions unchanged, the discharge mode of the Hall effect thruster can be triggered by changing the duty ratio. The experimental results show that at different frequencies, a small change in the duty ratio caused a significant increase in the discharge current and discharge oscillation amplitude. When the duty ratio changed from 70 % to 68 % at 90 kHz, the discharge mode changed from high- to low-oscillation mode. The discharge current oscillation decreased from 1.03 to 0.66, and the anode efficiency increased from 24.5 % to 25.8 %. When the duty ratio was changed from 64 % to 58 % at a pulse frequency of 70 kHz, the discharge current oscillation decreased from 1.26 to 0.85, and the anode efficiency increased from 23.5 % to 24.8 %. In the low-oscillation mode, the discharge current and anode voltage of the thruster were at the same frequency, and the discharge oscillation of the thruster was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the Faraday probe measurement results showed that the ion current density distribution of the thruster was more focused. The match between the supply of the working medium and the ionization rate improved the degree of ionization, leading to an improvement in thrust performance. Maintaining the Hall effect thruster in low-oscillation mode is of great significance for improving the reliability of the thruster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7466-7472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed predefined-time robust adaptive control design for attitude consensus of multiple spacecraft","authors":"Qijia Yao ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Shumin Xie ,&nbsp;Hadi Jahanshahi","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the distributed predefined-time attitude consensus of multiple rigid spacecraft under inertia uncertainties and external perturbations over directed communication topology. First, a distributed predefined-time observer is constructed for each follower spacecraft to estimate the virtual leader’s attitude, velocity, and acceleration. Then, based on the recovered information, a predefined-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) controller is developed for each follower spacecraft to fulfill the local attitude and velocity tracking. The predefined-time NTSM controller is strongly robust against uncertainties and perturbations but owns the undesirable chattering phenomena. To overcome such problem, an adaptive version of the predefined-time NTSM controller is carried out by incorporating with the parametric adaptation mechanism to identify the total disturbance. In this manner, the predefined-time adaptive NTSM controller has no chattering phenomenon and can maintain the high tracking accuracy simultaneously. Lastly, comparative simulations verify and highlight the main results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 10","pages":"Pages 7473-7486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A satellite fault detection system based on telemetry data using statistical process control and time-domain feature extraction","authors":"Varsha Parthasarathy,&nbsp;Sajad Saraygord Afshari,&nbsp;Philip Ferguson","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In spacecraft operations, accurately detecting anomalies in telemetry is essential but often requires complex, time-consuming methods. With the growing number of low-earth orbit missions, there is an urgent need to streamline this process. In this paper, we introduce an efficient real-time fault detection system that specifically addresses three critical faults within a spacecraft’s power subsystem: loss of solar string(s), increase in the battery’s internal resistance, and excessive power consumption. We apply industrial statistical process control and time-domain feature extraction techniques to create algorithms for enhanced fault detection. Our approach involves extensive simulations using a dynamic model of the power subsystem, allowing us to develop a method that is both innovative and practical. This research represents a step forward in the field, as we utilize statistical process control for real-time health monitoring of spacecraft, providing a more efficient and accurate means of analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 9","pages":"Pages 6863-6881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The space environment particle density in Low Earth Orbit based on two decades of in situ observation","authors":"Soumaya Azzi ,&nbsp;Xanthi Oikonomidou ,&nbsp;Stijn Lemmens","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently the only method to establish the prevalence of particles, space debris or meteoroids, sized between 1 micrometre and a few centimetres, in Earth orbit is by instruments or witness plates dedicated to in situ detection. Derived usable datasets are remarkably scarce and cover varying time periods and constrained orbital regions. Nonetheless, space environment models use those limited datasets as anchor points to extrapolate results to the entirety of Earth orbit, from the beginning of the space age to decades into the future. Here we present a readout of over 20 years of Sensor Unit 1 (SU-1) of DEBris In orbit Evaluator 1 (DEBIE-1), an in situ detector that was launched in October 2001, providing the longest continuous set of measurements available to date. The dataset has not been used in the generation of space environment models and hence provides a first independent source for the detection of environment changing events and for the calibration of long term evolution models. The DEBIE-1 SU-1 measurements, which primarily capture ejecta, meteoroids, and small debris fragments, were compared with predictions from ESA’s MASTER model. While general alignment in flux trends was observed, notable deviations occurred during certain periods. DEBIE-1 SU-1 recorded increased impact rates following major fragmentation events. However, no direct correlation was established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6394-6405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}