Advances in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Indirect optimization of multi-phase Mars entry, descent, and landing trajectory involving arbitrary discrete logic","authors":"Harish Saranathan","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicles employed in entry, descent, and landing (EDL) missions fly multi-phase trajectories consisting of multiple flight segments whose transitions may be triggered by boolean logic. When the boolean logic is represented using only continuous states and/or time, the EDL system is termed an autonomously switched hybrid system. The relaxed autonomously switched hybrid system approach (RASHS) was previously introduced to simplify the trajectory optimization process of such systems in the indirect framework when the boolean logic only involves AND and NOT operations. This investigation solves a multi-phase EDL trajectory optimization problem when the boolean logic involves a combination of AND, OR and NOT operations. Specifically, the parachute descent segment is in progress when the velocity is below the parachute deployment velocity OR the altitude is below the parachute deployment altitude, AND the altitude is above the powered descent initiation altitude. Because this set of conditions additionally involves OR logic, the previously introduced RASHS approach cannot be employed. To address this limitation, this investigation introduces a new method termed the Generalized Relaxed Autonomously Switched Hybrid System (GRASHS) approach. Similar to the RASHS approach, the outcome of the GRASHS approach is the transformation of the necessary conditions of optimality from a multi-point boundary value problem (MPBVP) to a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP), which is simpler to handle. Because any boolean logic can be solely represented using AND, OR and NOT operations, the GRASHS approach can be applied to any autonomously switched hybrid system involving arbitrary discrete logic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 497-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First results of polar mesospheric summer echoes: MARA radar observations from Maitri (70°S), Antarctica","authors":"Rashmi Rawat ,&nbsp;Satheesan K. ,&nbsp;Sourav Chatterjee ,&nbsp;Rahul Rawat ,&nbsp;Anand K. Singh ,&nbsp;Sheila Kirkwood ,&nbsp;Evgenia Belova ,&nbsp;Shailendra Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) are Bragg-scale radar backscatter from the electron density irregularities mainly between 80 and 90 km altitude. The irregularities are generated by the turbulent transport of ice particles and aerosols in the polar summer mesosphere. PMSEs have been effectively used as a diagnostic tool for the state and dynamics of the mesosphere. This study presents the first results of PMSE observed by the Moveable Atmospheric Radar for Antarctica (MARA) operated between February 2014 and January 2024 at the Indian Antarctic research base, Maitri (70.77<span><math><mrow><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span> S, 11.73<span><math><mrow><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span> E). Over Maitri, the PMSEs on average start between 86 and 89 km, while the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) peaks around 86 km. From the onset altitude, PMSEs spread to a few kilometers and last for hours. The diurnal variation of PMSE occurrence distinctly exhibits a maximum around local noon and a minimum around 17–18 h. This suggest that in the polar mesosphere, solar radiation, tides and transport of cold air during noon greatly affect the PMSE occurrence. The total length of the PMSE season at Maitri was observed to be between 81 and 97 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real-time clock offset estimation method for mitigating orbit prediction errors in multi-GNSS applications","authors":"Qi Xu,&nbsp;Huizhong Zhu,&nbsp;Chuanfeng Song,&nbsp;Hongjuan Yu,&nbsp;Xinning Pei,&nbsp;Shilong Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a real-time clock offset estimation method that accounts for orbit errors, addressing challenges caused by predicted orbit errors and the slow startup times of simultaneous estimation methods. Utilizing 93 global MGEX tracking stations for real-time clock offset estimation, the accuracy, data processing efficiency, and positioning performance of three estimation schemes were analyzed. The obtained results showed that, compared to the predicted orbit approach, our proposed method significantly improves GNSS satellite orbit accuracy, with BDS satellite accuracy increasing by over 50 %. Regarding clock offset accuracy, the new method, despite imposing strong constraints on radial orbit errors, also enhances GNSS satellite clock offset accuracy, particularly enhancing that of BDS-3 satellites during eclipse periods by approximately 40 %. Compared to the orbit-clock synchronization estimation method, the new method improves computational efficiency. It substantially reduces filtering convergence time, shortening the real-time service initiation time from approximately 125 min to approximately 20 min. Finally, G + C and G + E combination-based kinematic PPP experiments were performed. The positioning outcomes from the three methods achieve centimeter-level accuracy in directions of North, East, and Up, and the new method displays the optimal performance in stability and accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of the new method to enhance GNSS performance in real-time applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 75-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the global Ionospheric response to 2015 geomagnetic storms using SAMI3 simulations and SWARM satellite data","authors":"Masoumeh Mohammadi,&nbsp;Alireza Mahmoudian","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the effects of two solar storms in March and June 2015 on the Earth’s ionosphere. For this purpose, three-dimensional simulations of the SAMI model have been used, in which the zonal and meridional neutral wind speed, as well as the electron temperature and electron density at a fixed longitude of 60 degrees, have been analyzed. The simulation results of temperature and electron density have been compared with satellite data. The findings show that in both storms, electron temperature increased significantly on the day of the storm and the day after. A strong enhancement of neutral wind is predicted. The general pattern of meridional and zonal winds is conserved but expanded over larger latitude regions. In addition, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is observed in the electron density simulations for March 15, 16, and 17, while on March 18, this anomaly is weakened and the Spread-F phenomenon is formed instead. Also, the results of TEC modeling on a global scale using the three-dimensional SAMI model have been examined, and significant changes have been shown in response to these storms. The storm of June 2015 was similarly investigated and significant changes in the electron temperature were observed. Moreover, the simulations revealed that sporadic-E layer between mid- to high-latitudes starts to form on storm day. Such enhancement in E_<em>s</em> layer formation has been investigated in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 298-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced neural network approaches for optimal check dam site selection in sub-tropical climates","authors":"Rabin Chakrabortty ,&nbsp;Malay Pramanik ,&nbsp;Tarig Ali ,&nbsp;Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Chaitanya Baliram Pande ,&nbsp;Romulus Costache ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abioui","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the suitability of check dam sites in the Kangsabati River Basin using three advanced neural network models: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). The objective is to identify optimal locations for check dam construction to improve water conservation, sediment trapping, soil erosion control, and groundwater recharge. A thorough multi-collinearity assessment ensured the datasets’ robustness. Among the models, CNN demonstrated the best performance, achieving a sensitivity of 0.93, specificity of 0.85, and AUC scores of 0.91 during training and 0.82 during validation. LSTM and RNN models showed AUC scores of 0.799 and 0.787, respectively. Spatial analysis indicated that 14.33% of the study area was classified as highly suitable and 17.21% as very highly suitable in the CNN model. These findings provide a reliable framework for identifying optimal check dam sites, which could contribute significantly to sustainable water resource management in the region. Future studies should focus on land use, climate change impacts, and design modifications to improve long-term check dam performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 90-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deployment of tethered three-body system in elliptic orbit under low-thrust","authors":"Cheng Jia,&nbsp;Zhongjie Meng,&nbsp;Xincheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An energy-based tether deployment control algorithm is proposed for a three-body system in elliptic orbit with maneuvering thrust. This methodology considers both orbital eccentricity and thrust to accurately predict post-deployment tether libration angles. Next, a performance function is introduced to pre-design the system behavior. Virtual loads and a pseudo-potential energy function are then incorporated to enhance transient and steady-state performance. Virtual loads significantly increase the interaction between the actuated tether length subsystem and the unactuated libration component. The stability of the system is rigorously proven mathematically. Finally, numerical simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 443-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of phenological characteristics and mapping lavender using Sentinel-2 time series data","authors":"Kadierye Maolan,&nbsp;Yusufujiang Rusuli,&nbsp;WuHaizhi,&nbsp;Yimuran Kuluwan","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lavender not only has ornamental value but also significant economic and ecological benefits. Particularly in the dry areas of Northwest China, lavender plays a vital role in environmental protection, returning farmland to forest or grassland, and preventing wind erosion. Additionally, the lavender industry has become an integral part of the regional economic development in the Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. Therefore, rapidly and accurately obtaining lavender planting information is vital for fostering the long-term growth of the lavender industry in the region. This study utilized high-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite imagery combined with NDVI and RENDVI₇₈₃ time series data reconstructed using the Savitzky-Golay filtering method to extract seven key phenological features of lavender. The out-of-bag (OOB) error method was used to optimally select these features, and based on this, six different classification schemes were constructed. These schemes were integrated with three types of machine learning models—Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Maximum Likelihood Classification—to explore their applicability in remote sensing identification studies of lavender. The results showed that NDVI and RENDVI₇₈₃ time series vegetation indices displayed consistent trends during the lavender growing season, with a significant increase from the seedling stage in April to the peak blooming period in early May, reaching a peak during the flower-belling period from late June to July. Although the peak values in the RENDVI₇₈₃ time series were lower, the distinction between crops was more apparent, and the phenological features were clearer. Phenological features such as Amplitude, Base, Midpoint, and Max Value scored above 0.20 in the OOB selection, thus were considered key variables and included in subsequent classification experiments. Among all classification schemes, the combination of RENDVI₇₈₃ and optimally selected phenological features (Scheme F) achieved the highest classification accuracy, where the Random Forest model (RF-F) achieved an overall accuracy of 93.21% and a Kappa coefficient of 89.98. The Decision Tree (DT-F) and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC-F) methods had overall accuracies of 92.41% and 90.68%, with Kappa coefficients of 88.86 and 86.02, respectively. The research results provide new insights and references for the rapid and precise extraction of planting information for crops such as lavender.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 46-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term global path planning for stratospheric airships under time-sequential uncertainty wind fields","authors":"JiaWen Xie ,&nbsp;JingGang Miao ,&nbsp;YuXuan Cui ,&nbsp;ZongQi Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.03.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stratospheric airships serve as crucial platforms for near-space applications, and their path planning in complex wind fields is a key challenge limiting future large-scale applications. The wind field exhibits temporal variability and uncertainty, leading to discrepancies between the currently available forecast data and the actual wind field. In this study, we construct determined, undetermined and Time-Sequnential uncertainty wind fields by sequentially updating the global forecast wind field at appropriate frequencies and incorporating uncertainty distributions. Building upon local static field path planning using Markov Decision Processes (MDP), this paper introduces a Sequential Multi-stage Markov Decision Process (DR-MDP) algorithm to find the shortest-time path from the current position to a target area in complex, time-varying wind fields, enabling global long-term path planning.Through simulation experiments, this study analyzes the regional reachability and optimal path selection of aerostats with different propulsion capabilities under three wind field models. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can plan the shortest-time path to a target point in a given two-dimensional wind field environment and provide expected arrival times at each position, providing a feasibility basis for the actual flight planning of the stratospheric airship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 12","pages":"Pages 8761-8779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward GNSS real-time relative orbit determination for satellite formations using adaptively robust factor graph optimization","authors":"Cong Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Jin ,&nbsp;Tong Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhaobin Xu ,&nbsp;Zhonghe Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite formations have been widely applied in scientific missions such as Earth gravity field measurements, where real-time relative orbit determination (RTROD) plays a critical role in ensuring the success of the mission. Factor graph optimization (FGO), which addresses nonlinear problems through multiple iterations and re-linearization, has recently gained popularity due to its flexibility and superior robustness in challenging environments such as urban canyons, compared to the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). In this paper, we propose an FGO-based RTROD, which is realized by a priori factor constructed by a sliding window in combination with Schur complement. We introduce the receiver-differenced time-differenced (RDTD) carrier phase in FGO to simultaneously eliminate ambiguity effects and GNSS satellite orbit and clock errors, which is challenging to achieve for EKF-based methods under real-time constraints. In this paper, we newly propose an adaptively robust FGO (ARFGO) scheme, which uses equivalent weights to mitigate the impact of a maximum outlier in the current iteration, introduces an adaptive factor based on kinematic RTROD solutions and predictions to address relative dynamics anomalies, such as unknown satellite maneuvers, accidental collisions, and gas leaks. Experimental results based on GRACE-FO data show that the proposed FGO-based RTROD achieves higher accuracy compared to the basic EKF implementation under the same measurement conditions. The runtime of the RDTD carrier phase-based FGO is reduced by 73.4 % compared to the FGO based on the receiver-differenced carrier phase, demonstrating significant computational efficiency improvements. Furthermore, the proposed equivalent weight effectively reduces the FGO error from 4.125 cm to 3.795 cm. During satellite maneuvers, schemes without the adaptive factor exhibit meter-level deviations, while the adaptive factor can stabilize the maximum positioning error within 2 dm and the overall error to approximately 5 cm. Validation from the K-band ranging (KBR) system, a high-precision inter-satellite ranging system, demonstrates that the along-track direction accuracy of the proposed ARFGO maintains a precision of approximately 3 cm even in the presence of satellite maneuvers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"Pages 429-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive entry guidance with time and full state constraints using analytical drag-vs-energy profile","authors":"Peichen Wang ,&nbsp;Xunliang Yan ,&nbsp;Wenjiang Nan ,&nbsp;Xinguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced entry vehicles need to satisfy both flight time and full state constraints in the specific global transportation and cooperative rendezvous missions. This paper mainly proposes an adaptive entry guidance algorithm with time and terminal full state constraints. The algorithm is composed of three parts: longitudinal analytical guidance, lateral guidance and three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) guidance. In the longitudinal analytical guidance, a smooth drag acceleration-vs-energy profile is represented as five piecewise polynomials by using the double-parameter interpolation between upper and lower boundary of entry corridor first. A high-precision analytical prediction algorithm for time and range to-go is derived over a spherical and rotating Earth, and the double-parameter of the profile can be corrected using double-objective iterative method to satisfy terminal height, velocity, flight-path angle, range, and time constraints. Secondly, an online adaptive analytical update strategy for the profile based on the double/single parameter sequential solving mode is proposed to improve the robustness of the algorithm. In the lateral part, a double-stage adaptive lateral guidance algorithm based on heading adjustment and maintaining is put forward, which is enabled to plan and update the bank-reversal sequence according to the terminal position and heading angle constraints. Finally, a real-time 3DOF entry guidance algorithm for the wide range heading adjustment is proposed to achieve the generation of the 3DOF guidance commands online rapidly. Simulations with the CAV-H model show that the presented approach is capable of satisfying all path constraints, terminal time and full state constraints, robust to typical entry dispersions, and adaptive for various entry missions with high real-time performance. The advantage of the guidance strategy is also verified by comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 12","pages":"Pages 8860-8879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}