Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии最新文献

{"title":"Phenology of the Antyllis vulneraria L. in Moscow region","authors":"I. N. Korotkikh, L. V. Babenko","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023035","url":null,"abstract":"The research topic is the study of the biological characteristics of the local flora protected species Anthillis vulneraria L., under conditions of field experience in the Moscow region. The purpose of this research was to study the phenological cycle and the influence of meteorological factors on the timing and duration of phenophases. In the period from 2017 to 2022, a reduction in the duration of the shoot regrowth period, budding and flowering phases was revealed due to an increase in the sum of average daily temperatures and a decrease in precipitation. The resistance of plants to the conditions of the winter season in plants of the 1st-2nd year is 60-84 %, in plants of the 3rd year 50 %. A. vulneraria goes through a full phenological cycle in 175-190 days, blooms and bears fruit annually, forms a viable self-seeding, starting from the 2nd year of vegetation, grows in one place for up to 6 years, with the lifespan of individual plants up to 3 years. Pre-sowing preparation of seeds - wet stratification for 2 months, increases their germination rate to 53-65 %. The results of the study are relevant for maintaining the number of A. vulneraria that is a protected species of local natural flora in the Moscow region.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal photosynthesis and respiration dynamics of Pinus sibirica latitudinal ecotypes: ex situ study","authors":"O. G. Bender","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023007","url":null,"abstract":"Photosynthesis and respiration are temperature dependent processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how the physiological processes of photosynthesis and respiration will respond to climate change in the future. Seasonal carbon dioxide gas exchange of vegetative scion Siberian stone pine ecotypes (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) of latitudinal transect grown in the scientific station “Kedr” in the south of the Tomsk region were studied. The latitudinal transect was represented by two ecotypes: the southern ecotype (Tomsk) and the northern ecotype (Urengoy). The age of the grafted trees was 26 years. Apparent uptake of CO2 of the southern ecotype began a week earlier than the one of the southern ecotype, when the needle length reached 35 and 40 % of the final length of the southern and southern ecotypes, respectively. Photosynthesis reaches its maximum values when the needle length was 45-52 % of the final length of both ecotypes. The carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the southern ecotype remained high until the second decade of July, then its intensity decreased. Photosynthetic rate of the southern ecotype decreased in early August. In fully developed needles, the photosynthetic intensity between ecotypes did not differ significantly. The dark respiration of both ecotypes was maximum at the beginning of needle growth, then decreased significantly, was almost constant in July, and had minimum values at the end of the growing season. At the initial growth stages the needles of the southern ecotype had high values of dark respiration, which was 2 times higher than that of the southern ecotype. In the growth process by the first ten days of July, the differences between ecotypes were practically leveled. Subsequently, the dark respiration of the southern ecotype became 2 times higher than that of the southern one, however, it remained low compared to the initial stages of needle growth. The respiration of needle finished growing decreased by 8-10 times. The negative balance between photosynthesis and respiration of both ecotypes maintained until the needle length exceed 40 % and 35 % of the final length in the northern and southern ecotypes, respectively. Positive balance CO2 was observed when the needle length reached 45 % in the northern and 52 % in the southern ecotypes. During the summer months the CO2 balance was significantly higher for the Tomsk ecotype. In September and October the CO2 balance of the northern ecotype became lower than of one the southern one due to increased part of respiration of gas exchange. We believe that the high respiratory intensity of the Siberian stone pine northern ecotype is hereditary, therefore significant respiratory costs will have negative impact the productivity of high latitude plants and their adaptation to climate warming.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological bases of adaptation processes of tree species in the Altai botanical garden","authors":"T. A. Vdovina, E. A. Isakova, O. Lagus","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023013","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects the results of studies of the water regime of 15 species of woody plants in the Altai Botanical Garden for two years. Deciduous species (trees) have a high water-holding capacity and general hydration: Fraxinus lanceolata Bjrckh., Tilia cordata L., Padus racemosa (Lam.) Gilib., Juglans cinerea L. and deciduous species (shrubs): Berberis thunbergii DC., Euonymus maackii Rupr. and Coryulus avellana L. Juglans cinerea L. and Berberis vulgaris L. are distinguished by a high content of «mobile» moisture. Studies have established that the highest parameters of the water regime are characteristic of deciduous species (shrub). Two species of barberry Berberis thunbergii DC. and Berberis vulgaris L. have significant fluctuations in water-holding capacity at the beginning and at the end of growing seasons, which provide a wide ecological amplitude to these species. The coniferous species Juniperus sabina L. water retention capacity and hydration were at the same level during the two growing seasons. The smallest differences between the species are noted on the basis of leaf hydration. Data on water retention capacity, general hydration, «mobile» moisture indicate the species-specificity of these signs. The purpose of the study was to study the water regime of tree species of various ecological and geographical origin in the mountain forest zone of the East Kazakhstan region.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the size of mesophyll cells as a mechanism for adaptation to climate aridity of two steppe plant species in Kazakhstan","authors":"P. Yudina, L. Ivanova, D. Ronzhina, S. Migalina, I. V. Kalashnikova, L. Ivanov","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023083","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the leaf traits of steppe species - Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Asteraceae) and Stipa lessingiana Trin. et Rupr. (Poaceae) in two communities of true steppe and desert steppe in Kazakhstan. The whole-leaf traits changed differently within species, mesophyll traits had similar changes with aridity. The leaf thickness and the leaf mass area increased in desert steppe in Artemisia, while in grass species these leaf traits did not change. However, mesophyll cell sizes increased in desert steppe in both species. An increase in cell sizes, as well as in the chloroplast number per cell in A. austriaca and in the cell number per leaf area in S. lessingiana, led in both species to a rise of the total chloroplasts’ surface per leaf area unit being important to carbon dioxide diffusion. We concluded that despite the generally accepted stereotype about «small-cell mesophyll» in steppe xerophytes, namely in some species an increase in cell size, aimed at increasing the internal assimilation surface of the leaf, can be considered as a mechanism for adapting the photosynthetic apparatus of steppe plants to climate aridity.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of the needles mesophyll at species of the Pinaceae family","authors":"G. Zvereva","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023030","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative study of the structure of the needle mesophyll and the diversity of assimilatory cell forms at 27 species from 7 genera (Abies, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Picea, Pinus, Cedrus, Larix) of the Pinaceae family was carried out. The researches were carried out under a light microscope using macerated preparations, as well as on transverse, paradermal and radial sections of the middle part of the needles. Among the cells of complex shape, flat cellular cells located along the needles, flat folded cells, the main projections appearing on the transverse sections, and more complicated folded-cellular, combining lobed outlines in the cross-section and cellular in the longitudinal direction, were distinguished. The genera of Pinaceae under consideration can be divided into two groups according to the structure of the assimilatory tissue of needles by the presence or absence of cells of complex shape, in connection with which the prevailing types of mesophyll for each genus are distinguished and characterized in more detail. It is shown that within the separate genera of the Pinaceae family, the characteristic features are observed in the structure of the needles mesophyll, which may also be partly due to the presence of different variants of cells of complex cellular and folded forms.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal flora of high-altitude lakes of the Digor Gorge of North Ossetia-Alania","authors":"V. A. Simonenkova, V. Simonenkov, A. A. Gazdarova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023067","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the flora of 10 high-altitude lakes of the Digor Gorge, which are located at an altitude above 2500 m above sea level, of which 5 lakes along the expedition route are described hydrographically for the first time. The floristic composition was studied by general field methods; photographs of growing plants were taken. The taxonomic composition of the riparian flora is given, life forms are identified. According to the results of the inventory of the flora of the studied lakes, 81 plant species were identified. Of the whole variety of families found, the share of Compositae (Compositae, or Asteraceae) accounts for 17.3%, the share of Sphagnaceae (Sphagnaceae) and Carnation (Caryophyllaceae) - 6.2% each, the share of Cereals (Gramineae, or Poaceae) - 4.9 %, the share of Labiaceae (Labiatae, or Lamiaceae), Buttercups (Ranunculaceae), Bell (Campanulaceae), Gentian (Gentianaceae), Buckwheat (Polygonaceae), Cruciferous (Cruciferae, or Brassicaceae) - 3.7 % each. The remaining families are represented by a smaller number of species. Most of the identified species belong to grasses - 79.0 %. Mosses account for 14.8% of the species composition, shrubs account for 3.7%, lichens and ferns account for 2.5 %. Despite a number of similarities and common patterns in the formation of communities, the coastal flora of each lake has individual characteristics, differing in floral composition, occupied area and spatial distribution.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising useful plants of the genus Iris L. in the collection of the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great, cultivation features","authors":"N. B. Alexeeva, E. Varfolomeeva","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023003","url":null,"abstract":"Information on biological properties of 11 species of the genus Iris (Iridaceae), on the prospects for their practical use, and the features of their care in the collection is presented. The article is the result of a long-term study of irises in nature and in the Iridarium collection, in addition, extensive literature is used that characterizes the chemical composition and medicinal properties of plants. It has been shown that the resistance of plants themselves to diseases, for example, to bacteriosis, depends on the content of various derivatives of phenolcarboxylic acids plants. If it is higher, theplants are more resistant to bacteriosis, as in I. ensata, I. lactea s. l., I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica. This conclusion is confirmed by the fact that groups of irises that do not have such a quantity of phenolcarboxylic acids derivatives are unstable to bacteriosis, such species are I. aphylla, I. furcata, I. pumila. Plants of I. lactea s. l., I. ruthenica, which have anthelmintic properties, are not affected by nematodes, both rhizomatous and leafy. It was noted that irises with a high content of ascorbic acid in the leaves have winter hardiness (I. setosa - 1218 мг%). Conclusions are drawn, which were confirmed by experience, about the important role of organic acids in plant sap and their resistance to diseases.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of herbaceous perennials collection in the botanical garden of Surgut State University","authors":"I. Turbina","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023072","url":null,"abstract":"Formation of floral and ornamental plants collection and their introductive study in Surgut Botanical Garden actively began in 2018; this collection is currently beingreplenished and comprises 330 plant taxa, including 148 plant species and varieties, as well as 182 species and garden species related to 88 genera from 30 families. Standard introduction methods - ecological-geographical, phytocoenotic and genus complexes method are used for creating, maintaining and expanding the collection of ornamental herbaceous perennials. Apart from expeditionary replenishment, the species composition is expanded by delectus, exchange of collection funds with Russian botanical gardens. The botanical garden species composition expands mainly through the purchase of species in transplant nurseries and gratuitous transfer of plant material from private collections. At that, selection of promising garden classes is primarily determined by climatic conditions of introductionpoint. For the last five years, annual replenishment of herbaceous plant collection comprises on average 52 plant items, the loss - 7 plantitems. Thus, the status of large monocollections includes Tulipa L., Astilbe Buch.-Ham., Iris L., Gladiolus L., Phlox L., Hosta Tratt. generic complexes.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf mesophyll structure and tree biomass of birches from different climatic zones in Northern Eurasia","authors":"S. Migalina, I. V. Kalashnikova","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023043","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of global climate change, it is becoming increasingly important to study the adaptation of forest-forming species, assess their productivity and predict the transformation of forest ecosystems. Here we present the analysis of leaf mesophyll structure and tree biomass in populations of Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh. along the global climatic transect representing the latitudinal distribution area of these species in Northern Eurasia. It has been shown that with distance from climatic optimum, biological productivity decreases and a structural rearrangement of leaf mesophyll based on a change in cell size and providing a positive carbon balance occurs. High correlations between photosynthetic cells volumes and stem biomass were found. It was concluded that mesophyll cells sizes underlie the structural adaptation of photosynthesis to climate, that determine birch productivity under changing growth conditions. The sizes of photosynthetic cells can be considered as a good predictors of woody species productivity and transformation of forest ecosystems under global climatic changes.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomical revision and typification species of Allium L.","authors":"F. O. Khassanov, S. Kubentayev, O. A. Turdibaev","doi":"10.14258/pbssm.2023076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023076","url":null,"abstract":"This article is dedicated to taxonomy of small desert onions in Turan floristical provinces within largest subgenera Allium s. l. Alliance of poorly known species Allium lehmannianum Mercklin. was studied. Lectotype of this species was designated with locus classicus in the western part of its distribution nearby Aral Lake. Map of distribution of this rare species was created on the base of studied herbarium samples stored in AA, TASH, MW. It is recommended to include it in the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan (3 edition). Historical information about A. Lehmann’s botanical research in Central Asia is presented. Conspectus of sections of Multicaulea F. O. Khass. (4 species) and Unicaulea F. O. Khass. (3 species) are given. A key has been compiled to identify all species of these sections, indicating the types, synonyms cited in the main floristic revisions and distribution. The article provides quantitative data on the richness of onions in the flora of Eurasia. Sections Unicaulea and Multicaulea are endemic Turanian ancestral taxa, whose species grow exclusively on rocky habitats, while another more progressive desert section is Eremoprasum (Kamelin) F. O. Khass., R. M. Fritsch et Friesen with the type species Allium sabulosum Stev. ex C. Claus grow on sands from the Caspian deserts to Mongolia and China.","PeriodicalId":508495,"journal":{"name":"Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}