Increasing the size of mesophyll cells as a mechanism for adaptation to climate aridity of two steppe plant species in Kazakhstan

P. Yudina, L. Ivanova, D. Ronzhina, S. Migalina, I. V. Kalashnikova, L. Ivanov
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Abstract

We studied the leaf traits of steppe species - Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Asteraceae) and Stipa lessingiana Trin. et Rupr. (Poaceae) in two communities of true steppe and desert steppe in Kazakhstan. The whole-leaf traits changed differently within species, mesophyll traits had similar changes with aridity. The leaf thickness and the leaf mass area increased in desert steppe in Artemisia, while in grass species these leaf traits did not change. However, mesophyll cell sizes increased in desert steppe in both species. An increase in cell sizes, as well as in the chloroplast number per cell in A. austriaca and in the cell number per leaf area in S. lessingiana, led in both species to a rise of the total chloroplasts’ surface per leaf area unit being important to carbon dioxide diffusion. We concluded that despite the generally accepted stereotype about «small-cell mesophyll» in steppe xerophytes, namely in some species an increase in cell size, aimed at increasing the internal assimilation surface of the leaf, can be considered as a mechanism for adapting the photosynthetic apparatus of steppe plants to climate aridity.
增大叶肉细胞体积是哈萨克斯坦两种草原植物适应气候干旱的一种机制
我们研究了哈萨克斯坦真正草原和荒漠草原两个群落中草原物种--Artemisia austriaca Jacq.(菊科)和 Stipa lessingiana Trin.不同物种的全叶性状变化不同,中叶性状随干旱度的变化相似。在沙漠草原上,蒿属植物的叶片厚度和叶片面积都有所增加,而在禾本科植物中,这些叶片特征没有变化。然而,在荒漠草原上,这两种植物的叶肉细胞大小都有所增加。细胞大小的增加,以及 A. austriaca 每个细胞的叶绿体数量和 S. lessingiana 每个叶面积的细胞数量的增加,导致这两个物种每个叶面积单位的叶绿体总表面积增加,这对二氧化碳的扩散非常重要。我们的结论是,尽管人们普遍认为草原旱生植物的 "中叶小细胞 "是一种定型观念,但在某些物种中,旨在增加叶片内部同化表面的细胞大小的增加,可被视为草原植物光合装置适应干旱气候的一种机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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