西伯利亚松纬度生态型的季节光合作用和呼吸动态:异地研究

O. G. Bender
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引用次数: 0

摘要

光合作用和呼吸作用是依赖温度的过程。因此,了解光合作用和呼吸作用的生理过程在未来将如何应对气候变化非常重要。在托木斯克地区南部的 "Kedr "科学站,对无性接穗西伯利亚石松生态型(Pinus sibirica Du Tour)的季节性二氧化碳气体交换进行了研究。纬度横断面由两个生态型代表:南部生态型(托木斯克)和北部生态型(乌连可依)。嫁接树的树龄为 26 年。当针叶长度分别达到南方和南方生态型最终长度的 35% 和 40% 时,南方生态型比南方生态型早一周开始吸收二氧化碳。当针叶长度达到两种生态型最终长度的 45-52% 时,光合作用达到最大值。南方生态型的二氧化碳同化率在 7 月下旬之前一直很高,随后强度下降。南方生态型的光合速率在 8 月初有所下降。在完全发育的针叶中,不同生态型的光合作用强度差异不大。两种生态型的暗呼吸作用在针叶生长初期最大,然后显著下降,在七月份几乎保持不变,在生长季节结束时达到最小值。在生长初期,南方生态型针叶的暗呼吸值较高,是南方生态型的 2 倍。在生长过程中,到七月的前十天,不同生态型之间的差异基本拉平。随后,南方生态型的暗呼吸量比南方高出 2 倍,但与针叶生长初期相比仍然较低。针叶生长结束后的呼吸作用下降了 8-10 倍。两种生态型的光合作用和呼吸作用之间的负平衡一直维持到北部和南部生态型的针叶长度分别超过最终长度的 40% 和 35%。当北部和南部生态型的针叶长度分别达到最终长度的 45% 和 52% 时,二氧化碳平衡为正。在夏季,托木斯克生态型的二氧化碳平衡明显更高。在 9 月和 10 月,由于气体交换中呼吸作用的增加,北部生态型的二氧化碳平衡低于南部生态型。我们认为,西伯利亚石松北部生态型的高呼吸强度是遗传性的,因此巨大的呼吸成本将对高纬度植物的生产力及其对气候变暖的适应性产生负面影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Seasonal photosynthesis and respiration dynamics of Pinus sibirica latitudinal ecotypes: ex situ study
Photosynthesis and respiration are temperature dependent processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how the physiological processes of photosynthesis and respiration will respond to climate change in the future. Seasonal carbon dioxide gas exchange of vegetative scion Siberian stone pine ecotypes (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) of latitudinal transect grown in the scientific station “Kedr” in the south of the Tomsk region were studied. The latitudinal transect was represented by two ecotypes: the southern ecotype (Tomsk) and the northern ecotype (Urengoy). The age of the grafted trees was 26 years. Apparent uptake of CO2 of the southern ecotype began a week earlier than the one of the southern ecotype, when the needle length reached 35 and 40 % of the final length of the southern and southern ecotypes, respectively. Photosynthesis reaches its maximum values when the needle length was 45-52 % of the final length of both ecotypes. The carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the southern ecotype remained high until the second decade of July, then its intensity decreased. Photosynthetic rate of the southern ecotype decreased in early August. In fully developed needles, the photosynthetic intensity between ecotypes did not differ significantly. The dark respiration of both ecotypes was maximum at the beginning of needle growth, then decreased significantly, was almost constant in July, and had minimum values at the end of the growing season. At the initial growth stages the needles of the southern ecotype had high values of dark respiration, which was 2 times higher than that of the southern ecotype. In the growth process by the first ten days of July, the differences between ecotypes were practically leveled. Subsequently, the dark respiration of the southern ecotype became 2 times higher than that of the southern one, however, it remained low compared to the initial stages of needle growth. The respiration of needle finished growing decreased by 8-10 times. The negative balance between photosynthesis and respiration of both ecotypes maintained until the needle length exceed 40 % and 35 % of the final length in the northern and southern ecotypes, respectively. Positive balance CO2 was observed when the needle length reached 45 % in the northern and 52 % in the southern ecotypes. During the summer months the CO2 balance was significantly higher for the Tomsk ecotype. In September and October the CO2 balance of the northern ecotype became lower than of one the southern one due to increased part of respiration of gas exchange. We believe that the high respiratory intensity of the Siberian stone pine northern ecotype is hereditary, therefore significant respiratory costs will have negative impact the productivity of high latitude plants and their adaptation to climate warming.
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