International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH最新文献

{"title":"THE BATTLE OF CHAERONEA: 86 BCE","authors":"Valentine J. Belfiglio","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5402","url":null,"abstract":"In 86 BCE Proconsul Lucius Cornelius Sulla’s (138-78 BCE) looked over the potential battlefield at the broad plain near Chaeronea. He heard horses neigh, and men rumble as they set up camp. Sulla knew the upcoming engagement of his 30,000 legionnaires against the 120,000-man army of Mithridates VI (135-78 BCE) (Appian 12.3.17, 12.6.41) of Pontus would be bloody, brutal, and deadly. General Archelaus commanded the Pontic forces. Sulla may have reflected on the cascade of events which placed him in this dire situation.In 107 BCE. Consul Gaius Marius (157-86 BCE) initiated policies designed to enhance the efficacy of the Roman army. One of these reforms placed the responsibility to supply and manage an army under the authority of the commanding general, rather than the Consul and Senate. This change allowed charismatic, ambitious generals to divert the primary loyalty of soldiers to themselves rather than the State. Sulla used this change in loyalty to march on Rome in 88 BCE and 82 BCE. (Plutarch 2.3.1)In 89 BCE Mithridates embarked on a policy of military expansionism. He invaded Bithynia and Cappadocia, even though Roman officials warned him to respect Bithynia’s sovereignty. The Roman Senate declared war on Pontus, appointed Sulla to prosecute the war, and the First Mithridatic War began (89-84 BCE). (Appian 12.4.22, 12.5.30) Mithridates’ army overran Roman provinces in Asia Minor. Cassius Dio reported: “All the Asiatic, at the bidding of Mithridates massacred the Romans.” (Dio 31.101) Mithridates then invaded the Roman province of Greece. The seizure of Roman territory and murder of Roman citizens was a grievous affront to the honor of Senatus Populusque Romanus (the Senate and People of Rome). Mithridates must have known from the history of Carthage what fate awaited him and Pontus if his military adventurism failed. Either he must destroy the Roman Republic, or it would destroy Pontus and humiliate, then kill him. Control over the region of the Eastern Mediterranean was at stake. Civil War diverted Sulla’s attention, but he finally advanced against Pontic armies in Greece in 87 BCE. He quickly drove two Mithridatic armies into the fortifications of Athens and the Piraeus. Then he successfully moved against these two fortifications. Archelaus escaped by sea to Boeotia. Sulla followed him with his army to Chaeronea, in central Greece. He had Legates Sulpicious Galba, Licinious Murena, and Lucius Hortensius under his command (Plutarch 15.17).","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LEARNING RESULTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH 2 GEMOLONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS SRAGEN DISTRICT","authors":"Ninik Sumarni, Bambang Mursito, Sakidi","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5471","url":null,"abstract":"A student's observable and quantifiable abilities, including their knowledge, attitudes, and skills, are known as learning outcomes. Learning motivation, study interest, learning style, and self-efficacy are some of the internal and environmental elements that impact learning outcomes. The objective of this research is to get a better understanding of how factors such as students' self-efficacy, learning style, study interest, and motivation affect their academic performance at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong in Sragen. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach. There are a total of 398 students enrolled in this study, with 99 serving as a representative sample from the population of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong in Sragen. Observation, surveys, interviews, recording, and citations to relevant studies are all part of the data gathering process. The method for analyzing the data makes use of traditional tests for assumptions and hypothesis testing. The t-test, multiple regressions, and coefficient determinations are all tools used in hypothesis testing. This study found that students' levels of motivation significantly impacted their performance in the classroom at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong in Sragen. Students' levels of interest do not affect their performance in class at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong in Sragen. Students' learning results at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong, Sragen are positively impacted by learning style characteristics. Students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Gemolong in Sragen have high levels of self-efficacy, which positively affects their academic performance.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"76 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AND DENSITY PROPERTIES OF SOFT SOIL STABILIZED WITH NICKEL SLAG","authors":"Abdul Gaus, Ichsan Rauf, Komang Arya Utama, M. Ys, Linda","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5485","url":null,"abstract":"Soft soils have become a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering, due to their low bearing capacity and susceptibility to deformation. Chemical stabilization using nickel slag is an alternative solution and is considered more environmentally friendly. This article focuses on the utilization of nickel slag as a binder material aimed at behavior of physical and mechanical properties of soft soil stabilized with nickel slag soft soil. The nickel slag was carried out with variations of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% by weight of soil. All the test using ASTM procedure in order to gain physical and mechanical value. The results of this study showed that plasticity index decrease with the increasing of slag nickel concentration, where it is an indication of a change in soil consistency, shifting from initially soft to now medium. Futher, the optimum dry density (d-opt) value of the original soil used was 1.09 gr/cm3, while the optimum dry density (d) values at 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% nickel slag addition were 1.12 gr/cm3; 1.15 gr/cm3; 1.19 gr/cm3 and 1.22 gr/cm3, respectively. These results show that the presence of nickel slag can increase influence the physical and density properties of soft soil, which indicates that nickel slag has the potential to be used as a stabilization material in soft soil.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"162 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF WATER POLLUTION STATUS OF TRIYUGA RIVER IN UDAYAPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL","authors":"Bishnu Dev Das, Sonu Pradhan, Amrita Sardar, N. Paudel, R. Mishra","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5442","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation has been conducted to assess the status of physiochemical and microbiological parameters to understand the present scenario of water quality at Triyuga River water at Belaka municipality of Udayapur district, Nepal. The temperature ranged from 180C to 200C, the TDS value ranged from 89 mg/L to 112 mg/L and were below the WHO guideline value of 1200 mg/L, the pH values of the surface water sources in the present study were found to be alkaline ranging above from 7.6 to 7.9 were found within the range of WHO guideline value of 6.5-8.5. Similarly the values of dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.4 mg/L to 10.4 mg/L and were above the WHO guideline value of 5 mg/L, the bicarbonate (HCO3) value ranged from 105 mg/L to 125 mg/L and were below the WHO guideline value of 125-350 mg/L, the values of Nitrate ranged from 3 mg/L to 5 mg/L and were below the WHO guideline of 50 mg/L, the values of Nitrite ranged from 0.3 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L, the value of Ammonium ranged from 0 mg/L to 0.3 mg/L, the values of Iron ranged from 1 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L and were above the WHO guideline of 0.3 mg/L and the phosphate was not detected in all the three different sites of surface water samples. The fecal coliform was found to be positive in all the samples and the value of fecal coliform recorded was 15, 15 and 21 MPN/100ml in Site I, II and III respectively.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"437 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF WATER POLLUTION STATUS OF TRIYUGA RIVER IN UDAYAPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL","authors":"Bishnu Dev Das, Sonu Pradhan, Amrita Sardar, N. Paudel, R. Mishra","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5442","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation has been conducted to assess the status of physiochemical and microbiological parameters to understand the present scenario of water quality at Triyuga River water at Belaka municipality of Udayapur district, Nepal. The temperature ranged from 180C to 200C, the TDS value ranged from 89 mg/L to 112 mg/L and were below the WHO guideline value of 1200 mg/L, the pH values of the surface water sources in the present study were found to be alkaline ranging above from 7.6 to 7.9 were found within the range of WHO guideline value of 6.5-8.5. Similarly the values of dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.4 mg/L to 10.4 mg/L and were above the WHO guideline value of 5 mg/L, the bicarbonate (HCO3) value ranged from 105 mg/L to 125 mg/L and were below the WHO guideline value of 125-350 mg/L, the values of Nitrate ranged from 3 mg/L to 5 mg/L and were below the WHO guideline of 50 mg/L, the values of Nitrite ranged from 0.3 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L, the value of Ammonium ranged from 0 mg/L to 0.3 mg/L, the values of Iron ranged from 1 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L and were above the WHO guideline of 0.3 mg/L and the phosphate was not detected in all the three different sites of surface water samples. The fecal coliform was found to be positive in all the samples and the value of fecal coliform recorded was 15, 15 and 21 MPN/100ml in Site I, II and III respectively.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY ON SEALING PERFORMANCE OF AIRTIGHT BUCKLE UNDER COMPLEX LOADS","authors":"Hao Chen, Wenwu Yang, Yu Tao, Xin Li","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5487","url":null,"abstract":"The existing studies on sealing performance of airtight buckle of production strings in oil and gas extraction mainly focus on complex loads without bending moment. In this paper, a numerical model of an airtight buckle under the complicated load with bending moment is constructed. The precision of the model is verified by comparing with theoretical value for thick-walled cylinders. The impact of simple and complex loads on the contact stress of the sealing surfaces is discussed. It should be noted that the contact stress exhibits a combined effect of multiple factors, and the internal pressure plays a dominant role. However, the influence of bending moments on the contact stress of the sealing surface can “reverse” under specific load combinations. The reason for this phenomenon is that the sensitivity of the tension side and compression side to internal pressure is different under bending moment. The obtained results can guide the design and usage for airtight buckle of the production string.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"389 1-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOVEL WAY OF DETERMINING SUM OF KTH POWERS OF NATURAL NUMBERS","authors":"V.R. Kalyan Kumar, R. Sivaraman","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5491","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, mathematicians across the world have worked on different methods to find the sum of powers of natural numbers. In this paper, we are going to present the relationship between sum of kth powers of natural numbers and sum of (k–1) th powers of natural numbers using the differential operator and associated recurrence relation. Interestingly, the Bernoulli numbers which occur frequently in mathematical analysis, play an important role in establishing this relationship.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOVEL WAY OF DETERMINING SUM OF KTH POWERS OF NATURAL NUMBERS","authors":"V.R. Kalyan Kumar, R. Sivaraman","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5491","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, mathematicians across the world have worked on different methods to find the sum of powers of natural numbers. In this paper, we are going to present the relationship between sum of kth powers of natural numbers and sum of (k–1) th powers of natural numbers using the differential operator and associated recurrence relation. Interestingly, the Bernoulli numbers which occur frequently in mathematical analysis, play an important role in establishing this relationship.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL AND DENSITY PROPERTIES OF SOFT SOIL STABILIZED WITH NICKEL SLAG","authors":"Abdul Gaus, Ichsan Rauf, Komang Arya Utama, M. Ys, Linda","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v12.i1.2024.5485","url":null,"abstract":"Soft soils have become a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering, due to their low bearing capacity and susceptibility to deformation. Chemical stabilization using nickel slag is an alternative solution and is considered more environmentally friendly. This article focuses on the utilization of nickel slag as a binder material aimed at behavior of physical and mechanical properties of soft soil stabilized with nickel slag soft soil. The nickel slag was carried out with variations of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% by weight of soil. All the test using ASTM procedure in order to gain physical and mechanical value. The results of this study showed that plasticity index decrease with the increasing of slag nickel concentration, where it is an indication of a change in soil consistency, shifting from initially soft to now medium. Futher, the optimum dry density (d-opt) value of the original soil used was 1.09 gr/cm3, while the optimum dry density (d) values at 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% nickel slag addition were 1.12 gr/cm3; 1.15 gr/cm3; 1.19 gr/cm3 and 1.22 gr/cm3, respectively. These results show that the presence of nickel slag can increase influence the physical and density properties of soft soil, which indicates that nickel slag has the potential to be used as a stabilization material in soft soil.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"99 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF TRAINING AND SYSTEMS FOR FRENCH TEACHERS IN SENEGAL","authors":"Thierno Ly","doi":"10.29121/granthaalayah.v11.i12.2023.5447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v11.i12.2023.5447","url":null,"abstract":"The training of future secondary school teachers of french has always played a very important role in education policy in Senegal. Indeed, among other objectives, it is essentially based on the acquisition of knowledge related to the subject of french, pedagogical and didactic skills, and a perfect knowledge of the content of secondary school curricula. This raises the issue of content and practical approaches in teacher training. Thus, the question is what curriculum content, what pedagogical and didactic tools and approaches are used to the training practices of future french teachers in Senegal. To better answer these questions, we first checked the content and arrangements for training future teachers of french. The initial results show that the content, tools and teaching approaches used in training practices are not always in line with those officially recommended and are not fully stabilised and applied in didactic situations.","PeriodicalId":508420,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH","volume":"32 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}