Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science最新文献

Studies on the Effects of Liming Acidic Soil on Improving Soil Physicochemical Properties and Yield of Crops: A Review 关于酸性土壤施石灰对改善土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响的研究：综述

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i03.001

Bezuayehu Tola Abdi

{"title":"Studies on the Effects of Liming Acidic Soil on Improving Soil Physicochemical Properties and Yield of Crops: A Review","authors":"Bezuayehu Tola Abdi","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity is a major constraint to crop production globally by potentially limiting agricultural productivity and causing environmental challenges, especially in temperate and tropical regions of the world where there is high precipitation. The review article summarizes the works of literature and gathers information on the effects of liming on soil's physicochemical properties and the yield of crops. Soil acidity is caused by natural ways, such as the high amount of precipitation that exceeds evapotranspiration that leaches appreciable amounts of exchangeable bases from the soil surface, weathering, and decomposition of organic matter and by human interference (by the use of nitrogen fertilizer mainly ammonia and urea fertilizers). Application of lime improved soil pH and neutralize the effect of toxic elements. Liming directly improves some physicochemical properties of the soil, such as aggregates, density, and porosity as physical properties and reduction of exchangeable acidity, Al saturation, micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in the soil solutions, from exchange complex to the levels required and increasing soil pH, exchangeable cations (Na+, K+, Ca+2, and Mg+2) as chemical properties. Soil aggregation, density, and porosity of soil undergo changes with the application of lime. The long-term lime application resulted in increased soil chemical properties. Lime application contributed to increased crop productivity and crop quality. The effects of liming can be explained by the flocculation and cementing action of Calcium ions in the short term. In the long term, increases in productivity induced by liming, result in increasing soil pH, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, basic cations, microbial activity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and decreasing leaching of nutrients, exchangeable aluminum, and acidity, all favoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"149 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanism of Plant Resistance to Insects, Weeds and Pathogens 植物抵抗昆虫、杂草和病原体的机制

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.005

Esuyawkal Demis

{"title":"Mechanism of Plant Resistance to Insects, Weeds and Pathogens","authors":"Esuyawkal Demis","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.005","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are primary producers and a food source for many heterotrophic phytophagous organisms. They are affected by different biotic and abiotic environmental stress. Insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and other pests are biotic factors that significantly reduce crop productivity. Naturally, plants protect themselves from pest attacks by developing different morphological, structural, and biochemical defense mechanisms. However, our understanding of these defensive mechanisms is still limited. Hence, the objective of this paper is to review the mechanism of plant resistance to insects, weeds, and pathogens to know the relevant defense or resistance mechanisms of plants against pests. Many morphological characteristics contribute to plant resistance to insect pests. These include trichomes, surface waxes and hardness of plant tissues, thickening of cell walls and cuticles, the rapid proliferation of tissues, anatomical changes in plant organs, and color and shape of plant parts. The chemical composition of the host plant affects the behavior and adaptation of the herbivore and the host plant. These chemicals can be physiological inhibitors or nutritional deficiencies. Secondary metabolites are compounds that decrease the palatability of the plant tissues in which they are produced but have no effect on a plant's regular growth and development. Plants defend themselves against pathogens by a combination of weapons termed host resistance which is a structural and biochemical defense mechanism and they also defend from weeds by producing allelochemicals. Thus, plants have developed multiple resistance mechanisms to protect against pests. These resistance mechanisms could be an important tool for pest management by reducing the dose of chemicals used in pest control, resulting in a minimal effect of the chemicals on the environment. Also, these resistance mechanisms are compatible with other control methods that act as one of the components of integrated pest management methods to reduce the damage caused by pests.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Nutritional Composition of Tomatoes Fruit (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Grown in Vietnam 越南番茄果实（Solanum Lycopersicum L.）营养成分研究

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.004

L. Trong, L. T. Lam, Lai Thi Thanh

引用次数: 0

Egg Quality Parameters Evaluation of Indigenous and Sasso Chicken in Sidama Region, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西达马地区土鸡和萨索鸡的鸡蛋质量参数评估

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.002

L. Tunsisa, Sunkurta Digesa

{"title":"Egg Quality Parameters Evaluation of Indigenous and Sasso Chicken in Sidama Region, Ethiopia","authors":"L. Tunsisa, Sunkurta Digesa","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted at Aleta Wondo district of Sidama Region to evaluate quality parameters of eggs collected from indigenous and Sasso chickens reared under a traditional management system. About 100 eggs from each chicken type were collected from households who keep indigenous or Sasso chicken. Eggs were transported to Hawassa university poultry farm for quality parameters analysis. External and internal egg quality analysis was done according to laboratory procedure. Collected data was analyzed using SAS (Version 9.0). Results indicated that eggs collected from Sasso chicken showed superiority over indigenous chicken’s eggs for egg weight, egg length, egg width, shell weight, shell thickness and surface area. There is no significant difference on shape index and shell percentage of eggs collected from indigenous and Sasso chickens. Shape index recorded was 72.66 and 74.04 for indigenous and Sasso chickens respectively. Albumen weight was statistically higher for eggs collected from Sasso chickens (P<0.0001). Eggs from indigenous chickens have superiority over Sasso’s eggs for yolk ratio, Haugh Unit and yolk albumen ratio. However, there is no significant variation on albumen height, yolk weight, yolk height, yolk color, yolk diameter and yolk index. It can be concluded that Sasso chicken produce heavier eggs than indigenous chicken. Yolk related parameters are similar for indigenous and Sasso chicken eggs produced at traditional management system.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Rhizobium Strains on Seed Yield and Yield Related Traits of Chickpea (Cicer aritienum L.) Varieties at Ambo, Ethiopia 根瘤菌株对埃塞俄比亚安博鹰嘴豆（Cicer aritienum L.）种子产量和产量相关性状的影响

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.003

Berhanu Soboka, Wassu Mohammed, Chaluma Tujuba

{"title":"Effects of Rhizobium Strains on Seed Yield and Yield Related Traits of Chickpea (Cicer aritienum L.) Varieties at Ambo, Ethiopia","authors":"Berhanu Soboka, Wassu Mohammed, Chaluma Tujuba","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a significant legume food crop in West Showa that farmers exploit to generate revenue and sustenance. Nevertheless, two major obstacles to production are the scarcity of high-quality seed and the poor fertility of the soil. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how Rhizobium inoculation affected yield, growth, and its constituent parts. Four Rhizobium strains (Cp11, Cp17, Cp41, and control) x four varieties (Eshete, Dimtu, Teketay, and Local) organized in factorial combinations were assessed using a randomized complete block design with three replications. All phenology and growth parameters, yield components, seed yield, and productivity indices were significantly influenced by both variety and Rhizobium strain, with the exception of crop phenology and hundred seed weight, which were not significantly influenced by Rhizobium strain. Plant height and the number of pods per plant were significantly impacted by the interaction between the R strain and variety. Four types yielded seed with a range of 2013.89 to 2777.78 kg ha-1, whereas inoculation procedures produced seed with a range of 2152.78 to 2690.97 kg ha-1. The Teketay variety and seeds infected with the Cp17 Rhizobium strain produced the best seed yield. Higher grain yield index per day, Rhizobium sensitive or infection index, yield index, and seed production efficiency were also seen in Teketay variety and seeds infected with Cp17 Rhizobium strain. The largest seed yield was produced by the Teketay variety inoculated with the Cp17 Rhizobium strain, and in most cases, the enhanced varieties' seeds inoculated with the Cp17 strain also produced high yields.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"66 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Different Agricultural Limes for Bread Wheat and Fababean Production in Acid Soil of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia 评估埃塞俄比亚西谢瓦区酸性土壤中不同农用柠条对面包小麦和豆类生产的影响

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.006

Tolossa Ameyu

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Agricultural Limes for Bread Wheat and Fababean Production in Acid Soil of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Tolossa Ameyu","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.006","url":null,"abstract":"The application of lime is believed to enhance soil health status through improving soil pH, base saturation and reduces Al and Mn toxicities. Liming effects depend on the source, composition, purity and fineness of the lime. The performance of three liming materials and one control treatment was evaluated in a field trial, further evaluation and validation was done at three districts on different farmers’ sites during 2023 main cropping season. The liming materials included calcitic lime, hydrated lime, and quick lime. The treatments laid out in randomized complete block design. The results of the study showed that all tested lime materials (calcitic lime, hydrated lime, and quick lime) improved yield and agronomic performance of wheat, barley and fababean in comparably. This implies that hydrated limes can serve as an alternative agricultural lime to ameliorate soil acidity. Hence, these liming materials can be used as agricultural lime material and the result is confirmed through validation across locations on different testing crops (wheat, barley and Faba bean). So, it is recommended that liming materials which can be easily accessed for the farmers is recommended because of there is no significant difference among liming material tested.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation and Validation of Simple and Quick Methods of Lime Rate Determination under Acid Soil-Affected Areas of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西谢瓦区受酸性土壤影响地区石灰率简单快速测定方法的评估与验证

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.005

Tolossa Ameyu, Diriba Megersa, Gizaw Tesfaye

{"title":"Evaluation and Validation of Simple and Quick Methods of Lime Rate Determination under Acid Soil-Affected Areas of West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Tolossa Ameyu, Diriba Megersa, Gizaw Tesfaye","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Liming acid soils is one of the available intervention options to amend soil acidity and increase crop production and productivity. The selection of a lime requirement determination easy and cheap method that is suitable to the soil conditions in a particular area is a pressing issue. Three lime requirement (LR) estimation methods i.e. (Exchangeable acidity, laboratory pH, and portable pH/Artikilee 3000) methods with one control treatment were tested in acid soils of the dhumuga learning watershed. A field study was conducted to verify the lime requirement (LR) by using portable pH methods and investigate the wheat response to lime. The treatments were laid out in an RCBD design with two farmers’ replications. The result showed that there a was significant (p<0.05) yield response to the liming. The highest grain yield of 5512.3kg ha 1 was obtained from lime treated with the pH method statistically at par with Exchangeable acidity and article 3000 methods. LR rates estimated by the Exchangeable acidity method were lower than those estimated by laboratory pH and portable pH/ Artikilee 3000. However, both methods (laboratory pH and portable pH/ Artikilee 3000) overestimated the lime requirements of the study soil. The exchangeable acidity method was lower than the LR estimated with the article 3000 method by an average of 38 %, which indicates article 3000 methods overestimated the LR for the present study area, while exchangeable acidity methods were found to be reliable estimation LR. Lime rates determined with the three lime testing methods (pH method, Portable pH or Artikilee 3000 and exchangeable acidity) gave yield advantages of 31.94, 24.93 and 20.45%, respectively over the non-limed treatment. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the exchangeable acidity method gives a more reliable estimation of the lime requirements of acid soils of the study area.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Evaluation of a Drip Irrigation System inside the Automated Greenhouse in Huye Ecological Condition 胡耶生态条件下自动化温室内滴灌系统的性能评估

Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.004

Emmanuel Hakiruwizera, Claude Jean Hatungimana, Diogene Mutangana, Jean Claude Manishimwe, Appoline Igirimbabazi

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of a Drip Irrigation System inside the Automated Greenhouse in Huye Ecological Condition","authors":"Emmanuel Hakiruwizera, Claude Jean Hatungimana, Diogene Mutangana, Jean Claude Manishimwe, Appoline Igirimbabazi","doi":"10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"This research, titled Performance Evaluation of a Drip Irrigation System inside the Automated Greenhouse in Huye ecological Condition, was carried out in the Research Center of Integrated Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC)-Huye Campus, which is located in the Ngoma Sector of Huye District of Rwanda, in 2023. The study has mentioned the specific objectives of determining the average emitter discharge of the irrigation system, evaluating Christiansen Coefficient Uniformity (CU), and evaluating the distribution uniformity (DU) of the system. The research design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted on 24 laterals and 288 drippers installed in the greenhouse. Each lateral had an equal distance of 36.5m and carried 94 total drippers. Data analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD for means were used as statistical tools in MINITAB software version 17. The confidence interval was 95%. The obtained results indicated an average discharge (q) of 3.98 L/h in the drip irrigation system, coefficient uniformity (CU) of 99.96%, and distribution uniformity (DU) of 57.72%. The research concludes that the performance of irrigation systems is excellent for water application. However, the way water is distributed in all systems is poor. In addition, the drip irrigation system may reach an adequate level of performance when it works in a shifty manner.","PeriodicalId":508192,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science","volume":"52 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0