{"title":"Sharing responsibility for health care successes and failures.","authors":"A Mark Fendrick","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37765/ajmc.2025.89655","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"e1-e3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua K Johnson, Michael B Rothberg, Jarrod E Dalton, William Zafirau, Don Carroll, Steven Pamer, Laura Olitsky, Jessica Marzulli, Karen J Green, Mary Stilphen, Jessica A Hohman
{"title":"High-intensity home-based rehabilitation in a Medicare accountable care organization.","authors":"Joshua K Johnson, Michael B Rothberg, Jarrod E Dalton, William Zafirau, Don Carroll, Steven Pamer, Laura Olitsky, Jessica Marzulli, Karen J Green, Mary Stilphen, Jessica A Hohman","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89660","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients are often discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) for postacute rehabilitation. Functional outcomes achieved in SNFs are variable, and costs are high. Especially for accountable care organizations (ACOs), home-based postacute rehabilitation offers a high-value option if outcomes are not compromised. The objective was to compare outcomes for episodes in a novel high-intensity home-based rehabilitation (HIHR) model vs an SNF.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medicare patients from a large integrated multihospital health system who had low to moderate medical complexity and mild to moderate mobility deficits at hospital discharge were included. The primary exposure was discharge to HIHR (intervention) or an SNF (control) after hospitalization. The primary outcome was Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) mobility score. Secondary outcomes were Medicare costs within 30 and 90 days post hospitalization, 30-day readmission rate, and index hospital length of stay (LOS). Inverse probability of treatment-weighted regression was used for comparison between cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 171 patients discharged to HIHR and 841 to SNFs. The adjusted AM-PAC mobility T-score was 8.2 (95% CI, 6.3-10.1) points higher after HIHR vs SNF. Adjusted Medicare costs were lower for the HIHR cohort (within 90 days, -$17,123; 95% CI, -$20,757 to -$13,490). Hospital LOS and odds for readmission did not differ between cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The HIHR cohort demonstrated better functional outcomes and lower posthospital costs. HIHR may be a high-value option for patients attributed to a Medicare ACO who have moderate medical complexity and moderate functional deficits at the time of hospital discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical loss ratio's role in the large group insurer market.","authors":"Amanda C Chen, David C Grabowski, Erin Trish","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89663","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess trends in the medical loss ratio (MLR) and understand how health insurance premiums in the large group market are driven by medical claims spending and insurer margins.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Study of approximately 500 insurers covering more than 40 million lives annually in the large group market that submitted an MLR submission form (2014-2022).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed trends in the MLR, premiums, medical claims spending, administrative costs, quality improvement spending, and margins among all insurers in the large group market.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean MLR was 90.0% (2014-2020), which increased to 91.8% in 2021 before declining in 2022. Spending on both administrative costs and quality improvement was small and stable during this period. In contrast, premiums and medical claims spending grew between 2014 and 2020, with claims spending increasing 9.4% between 2020 and 2021 compared with just 3.9% for premiums. This mirrored the observed trend in insurer margins, which increased from 2014 to 2020 before experiencing a temporary decline in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medical spending is the primary driver of premiums in the large group market. Efforts to address growing health insurance premiums in the US will require consideration of how medical spending contributes to this growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelsey Ernst, Amy N Thompson, Amina Bensami, Hae Mi Choe, Stephen Lott, Lianne Granata
{"title":"Collaboration to transition members to preferred formulary dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor.","authors":"Kelsey Ernst, Amy N Thompson, Amina Bensami, Hae Mi Choe, Stephen Lott, Lianne Granata","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89661","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the outcomes of a partnership between a drug plan and pharmacists to switch patients from brand name dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors to the generic alogliptin.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Single-center, retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical pharmacists contacted patients with primary care providers within the health system affiliated with the drug plan to facilitate the switch. Drug plan members with external primary care providers were sent letters communicating the formulary change without contact from the clinical pharmacist. Outcomes included the proportion of patients successfully switched to alogliptin, reasons for not switching, changes in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and cost savings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, more than 50% of patients contacted by pharmacists agreed to switch to alogliptin; however, only 44% were successfully switched to alogliptin per prescription claims data. One patient from the group that received letters without clinical pharmacy intervention switched to alogliptin. Overall, there was no significant difference in the mean HbA 1C level for the patients switched to alogliptin. At the end of the year-long study period, only 12 of the 67 patients successfully switched to alogliptin were still taking alogliptin. Reverting to a branded product and switching to a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist were the most common reasons that alogliptin was discontinued. Cost savings to the health plan were $220,717, or $0.17 per member per month over 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of pharmacists was beneficial in switching patients to alogliptin and yielded cost savings without compromising patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medicaid managed care network adequacy standards and mental health care access.","authors":"Ju-Chen Hu, Janet R Cummings, Xu Ji, Adam S Wilk","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89662","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Medicaid is the largest payer of mental health (MH) services in the US, and more than 80% of its enrollees are covered by Medicaid managed care (MMC). States are required to establish quantitative network adequacy standards (NAS) to regulate MMC plans' MH care access. We examined the association between quantitative NAS and MH care access among Medicaid-enrolled adults and among those with MH conditions.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study with a difference-in-differences design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we included Medicaid enrollees aged 18 to 64 years in 15 states. Subgroup analyses included enrollees with MH conditions who experienced in the past year (1) serious psychological distress, (2) a major depressive episode, and/or (3) suicidal thoughts. Outcomes assessed whether in the past year the enrollee had any (1) MH services, (2) inpatient MH stays, (3) outpatient MH visits, (4) MH prescription, and (5) unmet MH care needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 9300 adults aged 18 to 64 years, 27.2% had MH conditions. Among all adults, NAS were marginally associated with increased use of any MH services (adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1; P = .055) but were not associated with other outcomes. Among enrollees with MH conditions, no statistically significant association between NAS and MH care access was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current quantitative NAS requirements may have few impacts on improving MH care access for adults and those with MH conditions without the implementation of additional interventions. States should consider adjusting enforcement strategies and adopting other interventions alongside NAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liam Rose, Linda Diem Tran, Tracy H Urech, Anita A Vashi
{"title":"Cancellations in primary care in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.","authors":"Liam Rose, Linda Diem Tran, Tracy H Urech, Anita A Vashi","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89666","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Unused medical appointments affect both patient care and clinic operations, and the frequency of cancellations due to clinic reasons is underreported. The prevalence of these unused appointments in primary care in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA) is unknown. This study examined the prevalence of unused primary care appointments and compared the relative frequency of cancellations and no-shows for patient and clinic reasons.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In this retrospective, observational study, we collected all in-person and virtual VA primary care appointments from October 1, 2018, to April 1, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the proportion of appointments canceled on the same day as the appointment and classified these into canceled by patient, canceled by clinic, and no-show.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of more than 90 million in-person and nearly 24 million virtual primary care appointments, 11.9 million (10.87%) were canceled on the day of the appointment. For in-person care cancellations, the most common reasons were canceled by the patient (3.92%; n = 3,531,016), no-show (3.87%; n = 3,487,944), and clinic cancellation (3.08%; n = 2,780,259).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although this study shows that same-day cancellations of primary care appointments in the VA are common, comparisons with other providers and health care systems indicate similar or lower levels of unused appointments in the VA.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"e15-e19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denise Tran, Haesuk Park, Jordon Rabey, Seth Killion, S Bobby Arelli, Elaine Murphy, Yoona Kim
{"title":"Effects of individualized nurse-led care plans on olaparib treatment duration.","authors":"Denise Tran, Haesuk Park, Jordon Rabey, Seth Killion, S Bobby Arelli, Elaine Murphy, Yoona Kim","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89664","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effects of a nurse-led personalized care plan on the duration of olaparib therapy among patients with cancer.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study conducted from January 2020 to June 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from an independent specialty pharmacy were used to identify patients 18 years and older with at least 1 olaparib (Lynparza) prescription who were at high risk for olaparib nonadherence as assessed using a pharmacy intake survey. We compared olaparib therapy duration between patients with and without a nurse-led personalized care plan. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs (aHRs) for therapy discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 560 patients at high risk for olaparib nonadherence, 163 received a care plan and 397 did not. Commonly reported symptoms included fatigue, nausea, gastrointestinal tract problems, depression, anxiety, and pain. The care plan group had significantly longer olaparib therapy (median [IQR], 6.7 [2.5-14.3] months vs 4.9 [1.9-10.4] months; P < .001) and a lower risk of discontinuing treatment (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.94) than the controls. Within the care plan group, patients experiencing resolution of at least 1 symptom (median therapy duration [IQR], 10.3 [4.8-19.0] months vs 3.9 [1.9-11.4] months; P < .001) or at least 1 dose modification (median therapy duration [IQR], 11.9 [6.7-17.8] months vs 4.7 [1.9-11.8] months; P < .001) had approximately 2.5 times longer olaparib therapy duration than patients who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A nurse-led personalized care approach effectively increased medication persistence among patients receiving olaparib for treatment of cancer, and the effect was more apparent among care plan patients who experienced symptom resolution or dose modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"e4-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary Villaverde, Roy H Hinman, Richard M Grimes
{"title":"Physiologic insulin resensitization lowers cost in patients with diabetes and kidney disease.","authors":"Zachary Villaverde, Roy H Hinman, Richard M Grimes","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89665","DOIUrl":"10.37765/ajmc.2025.89665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effect of physiologic insulin resensitization (PIR) on the cost of treating patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The mean 1-year cost of treating 66 Medicare Advantage patients with diabetes and CKD who were receiving PIR was compared with that of treating 1301 Medicare Advantage patients with diabetes and CKD not receiving PIR. Differences in disease severity were compared using mean risk adjustment factor scores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cost comparisons were made for CKD stages 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5. The total cost of treating the PIR patients was then compared with the total costs of treating the same number of non-PIR patients to determine cost differences potentially incurred.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean annual cost of treating PIR patients with stage 2 CKD was $11,251 vs $18,058 for the non-PIR group. For patients with stage 3a CKD, the mean PIR cost was $10,974 vs $18,563 for the non-PIR group. For patients with stage 3b CKD, the mean costs were $19,520 and $18,398, respectively. The mean costs for stages 4/5 CKD were $14,042 vs $22,124, respectively. The costs for an equal number of non-PIR patients at each stage were $345,830 higher than the actual costs of the PIR patients. There were no significant differences in the mean risk adjustment factor scores between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PIR is a possible method of reducing the cost of treating patients with diabetes and CKD. Given the rapidly increasing numbers of patients with diabetes and CKD who are Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, PIR should be considered for use by managed care organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"31 1","pages":"e11-e14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jake Haselswerdt, Kristi Ressel, Emmie Harcourt, Sara Gable, Kathleen Quinn
{"title":"Provider capacity during Medicaid expansion and a public health emergency.","authors":"Jake Haselswerdt, Kristi Ressel, Emmie Harcourt, Sara Gable, Kathleen Quinn","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2024.89645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37765/ajmc.2024.89645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the capacity of Medicaid providers to take on new patients during a time of unprecedented growth in program enrollment due to Medicaid expansion and the COVID-19 public health emergency.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We conducted a survey of Medicaid providers in Missouri in 2023 about their patient load and capacity to accept new patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 141 Missouri Medicaid providers through probability sampling and 109 additional providers through convenience sampling for a total sample size of 250, representing 0.8% of all Medicaid providers in Missouri. Our survey was informed by semistructured interviews with 15 providers conducted earlier in the year. We analyzed results using sample percentages with 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, a large majority of respondents reported that their patient load had increased since 2021. Nonetheless, 53% (47%-59%) reported that they personally had the capacity to take on additional patients, and 70% (65%-75%) reported that their larger practice had the capacity to do so. We found no evidence that these responses differed between large metropolitan areas and other areas of the state. Majorities also reported that their practices either had recently hired additional personnel (both staff and providers) or planned to do so, and substantial percentages reported other capacity-expanding changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the health care system in Missouri can accommodate even historic growth in Medicaid enrollment and patient loads without compromising access to care as perceived by providers. Further research is needed from the patient side and focused on rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"30 12","pages":"e364-e369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra I Mansour, Ushapoorna Nuliyalu, Michael P Thompson, Steven Keteyian, Devraj Sukul
{"title":"Out-of-pocket spending for cardiac rehabilitation and adherence among US adults.","authors":"Alexandra I Mansour, Ushapoorna Nuliyalu, Michael P Thompson, Steven Keteyian, Devraj Sukul","doi":"10.37765/ajmc.2024.89637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37765/ajmc.2024.89637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves cardiovascular outcomes, adherence remains low. Higher patient-incurred out-of-pocket (OOP) spending may be a barrier to CR adherence. We evaluated the association between OOP spending for the first CR session and adherence.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Commercial and Medicare supplemental beneficiaries with a CR-qualifying event between 2016 and 2020 who attended at least 1 CR session within 6 months of discharge were identified in the MarketScan Commercial Database. OOP spending for the first session was categorized as zero or into 1 of 3 increasing tertiles of OOP spending. Poisson regression was used to determine the association between OOP-spending tertile and CR adherence, defined as the number of CR sessions attended within 6 months of discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43,992 beneficiaries attended at least 1 CR session. Of these, 35,883 (81.6%) paid $0, 2702 (6.1%) paid $0.01 to $25.39, 2704 (6.1%) paid $25.40 to $82.41, and 2703 (6.1%) paid at least $82.42 for the first session, constituting the first, second, and third OOP-spending tertiles, respectively. Compared with the zero-OOP cohort, the first-tertile cohort attended 13.5% (95% CI, 1.4%-27.1%; P = .028) more CR sessions and the second- and third-tertile cohorts attended 11.9% (95% CI, -16.4% to -7.1%; P < .001) and 30.9% (95% CI, -40.8% to -19.4%; P < .001) fewer CR sessions on average, respectively. For every additional $10 spent OOP on the first CR session, patients attended 0.41 fewer sessions on average (95% CI, -0.65 to -0.17; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among patients with OOP spending, higher spending was associated with lower CR adherence, dose dependently. Reducing OOP costs for CR may improve adherence for beneficiaries with cost sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":50808,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Managed Care","volume":"30 12","pages":"651-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}