Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献

{"title":"Beta Defensins in the Host Defense of Sheep Tongues: Cellular Localization and Possible Roles.","authors":"Bayram Bayram, Fatma Çelenk","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In domestic animals, a diverse range of antimicrobial peptides function as natural barriers to microbial invasion. Among these, defensins small, cationic, cysteine-rich, amphipathic peptides represent key elements of the innate immune system in multicellular organisms. The present study aimed to investigate the presence, regional localisation, and cellular distribution of β-defensin 1 (BD1), β-defensin 2 (BD2), β-defensin 3 (BD3), and β-defensin 4 (BD4), members of the defensin family, in the tongues of adult sheep using immunohistochemical techniques. BD1 and BD2 exhibited weak to moderate immunoreactivity, primarily localized to the basal and parabasal layers of the lingual epithelium, whereas BD3 and BD4 displayed strong expression across the entire epithelial layer. All of the defensins examined showed higher expression levels in the epithelial cells of filiform and lenticular papillae. Furthermore, variable expression of BD1, BD2, BD2, and BD4 was detected in stromal cells, skeletal muscle fibres, and vascular structures. In particular, BD3 and BD4 showed a more intense expression in all tongue tissues. These findings indicate that β-defensins are predominantly expressed in the epithelial compartment of the sheep tongue, suggesting their role in providing rapid local defence against microbial pathogens. The increased expression of BD3 and BD4 suggests that they play a more prominent role in immune responses triggered by inflammatory stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vincristine-Induced Craniofacial Skeletal Teratogenicity in Foetal Rabbits: Multimodal Morphometric Assessment and Partial Protection by L-Carnitine.","authors":"Alaa I Abd El Latif, Ashraf A El Sharaby, Eman M Hagras, Ahmed G Nomir","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vincristine, a microtubule-disrupting vinca alkaloid, is teratogenic during organogenesis and may compromise neural crest-related craniofacial development; however, its effects on craniofacial and cervical development and the potential for maternal L-carnitine protection remain unclear. Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits (n = 9) were allocated to Group I-Control (saline), Group II-Vincristine (0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP] on gestational day [GD] 10) and Group III-Vincristine + L-carnitine (vincristine 0.1 mg/kg IP on GD 10 plus L-carnitine 500 mg/kg IP on GD 9-14). Foetuses were collected at GD 29 for craniofacial and cervical morphometry, radiographic measurements and Alcian blue/Alizarin red S skeletal staining. Compared with Group I controls, vincristine caused 36.7% embryonic resorption, universal craniofacial malformations, severe intrauterine growth retardation, 33%-85% reductions in craniofacial dimensions relative to control values, 29%-48% decreases in radiographic skull and mandibular measures and 22.8%-57.5% shortening of cervical metrics (all p < 0.001). With L-carnitine co-administration, resorption decreased to 13.3% and gross malformation burden was reduced; quantitatively, L-carnitine recovered approximately 53%-78% of the vincristine-induced craniofacial deficit, 65%-100% of the radiographic skull and mandibular deficit and 71.5%-79% of the cervical shortening, although all measurements except rostral skull width remained significantly different from controls (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that maternal L-carnitine provides substantial, but incomplete, attenuation of vincristine-associated craniofacial and cervical teratogenicity in the rabbit model.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olive Waste as Feed Supplement: Morphometrical Effects on the Ansa spiralis coli in Lambs.","authors":"Gabriel Soares Tosatto Pellenz, Gabriel Navarrina Soares, Marcelo José Böck, Vitor Pires Pereira, William Soares Teixeira, Sérgio Carvalho, Sokol Duro, William Pérez, Luciano de Morais-Pinto","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feedlot systems for small ruminants require nutritionally adequate and viable diets, and the incorporation of olive residues can offer a sustainable and economically advantageous alternative. This study evaluated the effects of including olive waste at 7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30% in the diets of Texel × Ile-de-France lambs, assessing the architecture and structure of the Ansa spiralis coli through gross anatomy, morphometry and light microscopy using ImageJ software (Fiji). Diets with up to 22.5% olive residue did not modify the morphology or morphometric parameters of the Ansa spiralis coli, with all specimens exhibiting three centripetal and three-and-a-half centrifugal gyri and a mean length ratio of 1.18; however, the 30% inclusion level significantly increased the thickness of the tunica muscularis, suggesting potential effects on intestinal motility. These findings indicate that up to 22.5% olive residue can be safely incorporated into lamb feed as a sustainable and economically viable option, helping bridge knowledge gaps on olive byproduct use in ruminant nutrition while offering practical solutions for producers seeking to optimize regional feed resources and maintain animal health and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handmade Biopsy for Genotyping of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos.","authors":"Luiz Sergio Almeida Camargo, Carolina Capobiango Romano Quintão, Julia Medeiros Cruz Lima de Martins, Marcos Vinicius Gualberto Barbosa Silva, Agostinho Jorge Reis Dos Camargo, Celio Freitas, Daniele Ribeiro Lima de Reis, Marco Antonio Machado, Clara Slade Oliveira","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blastocyst biopsy allows genomic selection of pre-implantation bovine embryos, reducing generation interval and enhancing the genetic gain. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of a simple biopsy procedure, performed by hands, using a splitting microblade and a stereoscope, on in vitro-produced embryos. Crossbred Bos taurus x B. indicus blastocysts at Day 6 or 7 after in vitro fertilization (IVF) were biopsied and cultured in vitro for 48 h. Biopsy reduced (p < 0.01) embryo development as noted by the lower blastocoel formation/re-expansion rates in both Day 6 (33.3% vs. 71.4%) and Day 7 (66.6% vs. 89.8%) blastocysts, when compared to non-biopsied embryos. Biopsy on Day 7 decreased (p < 0.01) cell number (112.8 ± 6.3 vs. 149.9 ± 5.6) and increased (p < 0.01) apoptotic index (14.9 ± 1.4 vs. 6.2 ± 1.2). In a second experiment, the IVF blastocysts were biopsied in the farm, and cultured for 3 h. Re-expanded blastocysts, corresponding to 78.3% biopsied embryos, were transferred to synchronized recipients. Pregnancy (57.4% vs. 62%), delivery (51.0% vs. 48%), gestation length (285.5 ± 2.0 vs. 284.6 ± 1.2 days) and birthweight (30.5 ± 1.8 vs. 29.9 ± 1.2 kg) were similar (p > 0.05) between handmade biopsy and non-biopsied embryos. Whole genome amplification of biopsied samples resulted in 256.0 ± 155.9 ng/μL DNA. The mean call rate was 75.3% ± 4.3% and the imputed GEBV for 305-day milk yield was 839.21 ± 61.6 kg. In conclusion, handmade biopsy can be performed at small laboratories and at farm level, contributing to reduce costs for embryo genomic selection. Pregnancy, calf delivery and birthweight were not compromised, and samples are suitable for downstream applications such as genotyping.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13165688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Domestication: Occurrence of Levator Anguli Oculi Medialis and Retractor Anguli Oculi Lateralis in Four Neotropical Canid Species.","authors":"Paulo de Souza-Junior, Erick Candiota Souza, Wilson Viotto-Souza, Maria Eduarda Rodrigues Costa, Amanda Zanesco Crivelaro, Carlos Benhur Kasper, Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The facial mimetic muscles levator anguli oculi medialis (LAOM) and retractor anguli oculi lateralis (RAOL) have been associated with expressive eye movements in canids and proposed as products of domestication. We investigated their occurrence in four Neotropical species (Lycalopex gymnocercus, Lycalopex vetulus, Cerdocyon thous and Chrysocyon brachyurus). Twelve adult specimens were dissected, and both muscles were consistently identified in all taxa, with conserved architecture. These findings support the interpretation that LAOM and RAOL are not exclusive to domestic dogs and may represent a broadly conserved trait across Canidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessory Antler Growing From the Left Zygomatic Bone of a Male Rusa Deer (Rusa timorensis).","authors":"Uwe Kierdorf, Patrick Barrière","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reports a case of accessory antler growth from the left zygomatic bone of a rusa stag (estimated age 7 years) shot in New Caledonia in January 2026. At the time of death, the individual was carrying orthotopic velvet antlers of about 13.5 cm length. The extra antler had grown from the lower rim of the left orbita and was covered by typical velvet. It was attached to the zygomatic bone via a bony socket that was covered by normal scalp skin and considered to represent a pedicle. The ectopic pedicle-and-antler structure (length 5.4 cm) became detached during maceration, suggesting that the connection between pedicle base and zygomatic bone had been cartilaginous rather than osseous. According to an observation of the stag's head shortly after death, a small exostosis was also present above the right eye. The distal portion of this exostosis appeared to be covered by velvet and thus may have represented a second accessory antler. However, since this region of the skull was destroyed by the shot in the head, it could not be examined after maceration. The case presented here is only the second instance of antler formation from the zygomatic bone reported in the scientific literature. Accessory antler growth was presumably caused by a trauma to the periosteum. The findings of the present study and other reports suggest that all membrane bones of the deer skull have the potential to produce accessory antlers upon strong unphysiological stimulation of their periosteum.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Imaging Characterization of the Eye and Adnexa of the Lesser Anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla).","authors":"Estela Larissa Silva Dos Santos, Amanda Vieira Fernandes, Francisco de Assis Dórea Neto, Caterina Muramoto, Danielle Nascimento Silva, Ana Cláudia Raposo, Marcia Maria Dantas de Faria, Ricardo Diniz Guerra E Silva, Alessandra Estrela Lima, Érica Augusta Dos Anjos Cerqueira da Silva, Arianne Pontes Oriá","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) is a species vulnerable to environmental disturbances, largely due to increasing overlap between its natural habitat and anthropogenically modified landscapes. Detailed anatomical knowledge of the eye and orbital structures, supported by imaging and histological analyses, is essential to improve clinical, surgical and conservation practices for wild mammals. This study provides a comprehensive anatomical description of the eyeball and its adnexa in the southern tamandua. Twelve cadaveric specimens were examined using topographic dissection, orbital exenteration, bone maceration, ocular ultrasonography, computed tomography and histological processing. The orbit was incomplete and shallow, formed by the frontal, lacrimal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones, and exhibited a pronounced lateral projection of the eye. The eyeball was relatively small in proportion to the skull, globoid in shape, slightly elongated along the anteroposterior axis, and characterized by a high corneoscleral ratio. The eyelids were well developed, bearing eyelashes on both margins. The third eyelid was triangular and supported by hyaline cartilage. The lacrimal gland was reduced in size, whereas the Harderian gland was voluminous, lobulated and ring-shaped, extensively surrounding the eye and occupying a substantial portion of the orbital cavity. Distinctive features of the extraocular musculature included duplication of the dorsal rectus muscle and absence of the dorsal oblique muscle. Ultrasonography enabled visualization of intraocular structures, and computed tomography confirmed orbital dimensions. Histological analysis revealed tissue organization consistent with the general mammalian pattern, with no evidence of a tapetum lucidum. These findings expand anatomical knowledge of Xenarthra and provide relevant reference data for veterinary ophthalmology, comparative anatomy and surgery, and the conservation of wild mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colon Histology and the Presence of CD45- MHC II- CD83+ Follicular Dendritic Cell-Like Cells in the Muscle Coat of the Chicken Colon.","authors":"Ulker Eren, Sadiye Kum, Ozay Gules","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the posthatching histological development of the chicken colon wall and the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) based on CD83, CD45 and MHC II expression. A total of 30 Ross 308 broiler chicks were used, with samples collected throughout the first two posthatching weeks. Crossmon's triple stain and Gordon and Sweet's silver impregnation technique were employed to determine the overall structure of the colon. CD45 and CD83 were assessed in frozen sections, while MHC II was examined in paraffin sections using the streptavidin-biotin complex method. The colon wall became fully organised histologically by the end of the second week. Importantly, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the presence of CD83+ cells localised within a restricted band of the chicken colon muscle coat from hatching. These CD83+ cells, expressing neither CD45 nor MHC II, exhibited features consistent with follicular dendritic cell-like cells within the reticular connective tissue of the muscular layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Properties of the Podocyte of a Young Domestic Pig (Sus domesticus, Erxleben 1777) Under Histological and Transmission Microscopy Examinations.","authors":"Mahmoud Elghoul, Mustafa Shukry, Diaa Massoud, Ramadan Kandyel, Mohamed Abumandour","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Published data on podocyte morphology in young domesticated pigs are scarce. The current study aimed to characterize the histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the podocyte in Sus domesticus. This study depended on kidney samples from seven healthy two-month-old domestic pigs, which were collected immediately after slaughter and processed for histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. The renal cortical tissue consisted of nephron components, including renal corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. TEM analysis showed that the cytoplasm contained few mitochondria and poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Some podocytes have a primary process that wraps around the basal lamina of the blood capillary and gives rise to small secondary cytoplasmic processes known as pedicels. The podocytes exhibited numerous pedicels resting on the glomerular basement membrane, closely associated with the underlying glomerular endothelium, and projecting towards the capillary lumen. The filtration barrier consisted of fenestrated endothelial cells, a trilaminar glomerular basement membrane and an intact podocyte layer. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed histological and ultrastructural description of podocytes in young Landrace pigs and establishes baseline morphological data that may support future comparative, developmental and functional renal investigations in Sus domesticus.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and Histology of Major Organ Systems in the Killifish Esmaeilius sophiae (Teleostei: Aphaniidae).","authors":"Mina Motamedi, Fatemeh Shamsaldini, Sana Kheirkhah","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Killifishes have emerged as valuable supplementary biological and biomedical research models due to their remarkable adaptations to extreme and variable environments. Despite their ecological and evolutionary significance, the histology and anatomy of freshwater members of the family Aphaniidae remain largely understudied. This study provides the first comprehensive microscopic analysis of Esmaeilius sophiae, a freshwater killifish endemic to Iran, using histological staining, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microscopy. Key organ systems-including gills, kidneys, liver, brain and reproductive organs-were examined to identify structural adaptations that support survival in dynamic freshwater habitats. The gills possess organised lamellae supported by pillar cells and a specialised mucosal epithelium, enhancing oxygen exchange in environments with fluctuating oxygen availability. SEM imaging revealed specialised glomerular structures in the kidney that likely facilitate efficient osmoregulation, as well as a distinctive scale morphology contributing to environmental protection. Additionally, the well-differentiated brain regions-particularly the optic tectum-and the unique otolith morphology of E. sophiae underscore its sensory and ecological specialisation. Our findings reveal key anatomical and histological adaptations in E. sophiae, establishing a foundational reference for future research in fish physiology, environmental adaptation and evolutionary biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}