Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献_第2页

Histological Evidence for the Presence of a Glandular Stomach in the Mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus From the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. 越南湄公河三角洲弹涂鱼腺胃存在的组织学证据。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70153

Vuong Van Ly, Vinh Quoc Nguyen, U Van Hua, Quang Minh Dinh

{"title":"Histological Evidence for the Presence of a Glandular Stomach in the Mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus From the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.","authors":"Vuong Van Ly, Vinh Quoc Nguyen, U Van Hua, Quang Minh Dinh","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70153","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70153","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the gross anatomy and histological organization of the digestive tract of the mudskipper Scartelaos histophorus from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Thirty adult specimens were collected from intertidal mudflats, and the digestive tract was examined using gross anatomical observation and routine paraffin histology with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Gross anatomical observation differentiated the digestive tract into the oesophagus, stomach, intestine and rectum, whereas histological examination focused on the stomach, intestine and rectum. The stomach was characterized by prominent mucosal folds, a well-developed lamina propria and numerous gastric glands. These features provide strong histological evidence for the presence of a glandular stomach in S. histophorus. The intestinal mucosa formed long and slender folds lined by columnar epithelial cells and mucus-secreting cells, whereas the rectum showed shorter mucosal folds and a comparatively thick muscular layer. The regional differentiation of the stomach, intestine and rectum suggests structural specialization of the digestive tract in relation to the omnivorous feeding habit of this amphibious fish. These findings provide the first histological description of the main digestive regions in S. histophorus and contribute to comparative knowledge of digestive morphology within Oxudercidae.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":"e70153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dopaminergic-Nitrergic Microcircuitry in the Paraventricular Nucleus: Translational Relevance for Psychiatric Practice. 室旁核中的多巴胺能-氮能微电路：精神病学实践的翻译相关性。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70152

Siang-Syuan Kong, Lien-Chung Wei

引用次数: 0

Identification of Blood Flow Type and Position of Blood Barrier in the Fruit Bat Spleen. 果蝠脾脏血流量类型及血屏障位置的鉴定。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70155

Srihadi Agungpriyono, Desrayni Hanadhita, Anisa Rahma, Andhika Yudha Prawira, Supratikno Supratikno, Savitri Novelina

{"title":"Identification of Blood Flow Type and Position of Blood Barrier in the Fruit Bat Spleen.","authors":"Srihadi Agungpriyono, Desrayni Hanadhita, Anisa Rahma, Andhika Yudha Prawira, Supratikno Supratikno, Savitri Novelina","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70155","url":null,"abstract":"The blood-spleen barrier (BSB) is essential for filtering blood-borne particles, removing damaged erythrocytes, and initiating immune responses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the location, structural components, and functional implications of the BSB in fruit bats (Cynopterus titthaecheilus and Rousettus leschenaultii) using intravenous India ink injection as a tracer. A total of seven wild-caught bats were examined histologically after splenic sampling and staining with haematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and Masson's trichrome. Carbon particles were distributed in several splenic compartments, but the highest accumulation occurred in the marginal zone, ellipsoid, and periellipsoidal lymphoid sheaths, suggesting these regions as the principal BSB sites. Additional deposits in the splenic cord and sinus reported further downstream filtration within the red pulp. Carbon residues were also observed in the white and red pulp, suggesting continued inclusion in specific immune induction and phagocytic clearance after primary filtration. The splenic microcirculation of both species comprised open and closed pathways. The results showed that fruit bat spleen possessed a well-developed BSB centered in the marginal zone ellipsoid-PELS complex, with subsequent processing in red pulp structures, supporting integrated innate and adaptive immune defence against blood-borne material. The understanding of splenic filtration architecture was also refined in chiropteran mammals.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 4","pages":"e70155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13365847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlations Between Osteocytes and Bone Density in Bovine Bony Pelvic Floor: A Pilot Study. 牛骨盆底骨细胞与骨密度的相关性：一项初步研究。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70112

Esta Nahkur, Taavi Torga, Vladimir Andrianov, Andres Arend, Tanel Kaart, Marina Aunapuu

{"title":"Correlations Between Osteocytes and Bone Density in Bovine Bony Pelvic Floor: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Esta Nahkur, Taavi Torga, Vladimir Andrianov, Andres Arend, Tanel Kaart, Marina Aunapuu","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70112","url":null,"abstract":"The functional morphology of the bovine bony pelvic floor has been studied little. This is a fascinating anatomical region as female animals have to adapt to various tensions caused by the reproduction cycle. In this study, based on the bony pelvic floors of five heifers and five cows, the average number of round and flat bone cells was detected in four pelvic floor regions, and correlations were calculated between the number of osteocytes and bone density. The number of flat cells per sample (33.0 ± 10.8) was significantly higher than the number of round cells (3.7 ± 1.7; p < 0.001). Cranially, the number of flat cells was the same in heifers and cows, while caudally, the number of flat cells was higher in cows. In both heifers and cows, bone mineral density was the lowest at the ischiopubic junction. However, while in heifers it was the same level caudally, in cows the bone mineral density was significantly higher (in heifers 0.55 g/cm2 and cows 1.53 g/cm2). Thus, bone adaptation was location-specific; in cows, the load was the greatest in the region of the ischia where dense bone mass accumulated, but in heifers, the tension was distributed more equally across the pelvic floor. Due to adaptation, multiparity did not lessen the bone density of the cows' pelvic floor. The correlation between bone density and the presence of bone cells in the bovine pelvic floor was weak and not significant and was surprising. Further studies with other histological methods may help to clarify these findings.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bronchopulmonary Segmentation in Humans and Dogs: A Comparative Narrative Review Highlighting Anatomical Gaps and Surgical Implications. 支气管肺分割在人类和狗：比较叙述回顾突出解剖差距和手术意义。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70113

Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva, Pedro Antônio Bronhara Pimentel, Luana Caetano Machado, Nathalia Estevão Caixeta, Paula Izabella Alves da Rocha, Bruno Ferrante, Patrícia Maria Coletto Freitas, Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta

{"title":"Bronchopulmonary Segmentation in Humans and Dogs: A Comparative Narrative Review Highlighting Anatomical Gaps and Surgical Implications.","authors":"Paloma Helena Sanches da Silva, Pedro Antônio Bronhara Pimentel, Luana Caetano Machado, Nathalia Estevão Caixeta, Paula Izabella Alves da Rocha, Bruno Ferrante, Patrícia Maria Coletto Freitas, Rodrigo Dos Santos Horta","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70113","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchopulmonary segmentation (BS) is an anatomical concept, poorly described in veterinary medicine, and involve a specific segmental bronchus, a corresponding segmental artery, segmental veins draining into intersegmental veins, and intersegmental septa. While pioneer studies were comparative in humans and domestic animals, this research path diverged decades ago, and the field has since lacked a proper, functional categorization of canine lungs into bronchial segments. Veterinary anatomical nomenclature does recognize this segmentation, but the classification is traditionally based on tertiary (or segmental) bronchi and does not specify how many segments each pulmonary lobe may have. A comparative analysis of the scarce literature suggests that the canine species possesses the necessary anatomical requirements for this classification. These include a segmental bronchus, a corresponding segmental artery, segmental veins draining into intersegmental veins, and intersegmental septa containing connective tissue. Further studies are needed to better detail the variation in pulmonary structures, particularly the venous drainage that defines BS. Specific anatomical ratios and relations should also be described in relation to a dog's size, breed, and sex. Although segmentectomy has seemed distant for veterinary medicine, these findings and future studies may bring its use closer to a reality, similar to its established role in medicine.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual Adaptations of the Dicentrarchus punctatus: New Insights Into Its Retina Adaptations With Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis. 点状双足龙的视觉适应：用透射电子显微镜分析其视网膜适应的新见解。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70122

Mohamed Abumandour, Eman Kamal Khalil, Diaa Massoud, Mustafa Shukry, Neveen El-Bakary

{"title":"Visual Adaptations of the Dicentrarchus punctatus: New Insights Into Its Retina Adaptations With Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis.","authors":"Mohamed Abumandour, Eman Kamal Khalil, Diaa Massoud, Mustafa Shukry, Neveen El-Bakary","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70122","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to illustrate the light and electron microscopic characterisations of the eye of Dicentrarchus punctatus with new insight into transmission electron microscopic features of the retina. The eye is composed of three layers: the external sclera-cornea layer, the middle layer, and the internal layer. The cornea has three laminae: stratified epithelial cuboidal cells anteriorly, Bowman (middle), and the dermato-stromal lamina posteriorly. The mucoidal lamina was observed between the cranial part of the sclera-corneal and the derma-stromal, and established by the fibre bundles of the collagen implanted in the loose connective tissue, while the iridescent lamina was found between the cranial and the caudal sclera-stromal lamina. SEM observation revealed that the cornea consisted of rounded or ovoid-shaped cells that were joined to each other by microridges. The retina is consisted of ten layers. The retina had two regions: nervous and non-nervous. The retina had both rods and cones (single, double, and triple) photoreceptor cells. The inner segment of the rod had numerous large, round mitochondria with electron-dense granules and melanin pigment extended between the ellipsoid units, while the outer segment had stacks of discs. The cone's inner segments had ellipsoids that showed mitochondria with electron-dense granules and melanin pigment extended between the ellipsoid units, in addition to disintegrated cristae. Finally, the double and triple cone cells with ellipsoids played a key role in extending the light's accessible absorption area.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histology and Histochemistry of the Female Sparrow Rasbora, Boraras urophthalmoides (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), an Important Small Fish in Thailand. 泰国一种重要鱼类——尾尾小麻雀（鲤形：鲤科）的组织学和组织化学研究。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70117

Kitipong Angsujinda, Sinlapachai Senarat, Supapong Imsonpang, Narit Thaochan, Sitthi Kulabtong, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Witchaya Tongtako

{"title":"Histology and Histochemistry of the Female Sparrow Rasbora, Boraras urophthalmoides (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), an Important Small Fish in Thailand.","authors":"Kitipong Angsujinda, Sinlapachai Senarat, Supapong Imsonpang, Narit Thaochan, Sitthi Kulabtong, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Witchaya Tongtako","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70117","url":null,"abstract":"Despite extensive histology descriptions in fishes, comparable information for the sparrow rasbora (Boraras urophthalmoides), an important freshwater fish in Thailand, remains scarce. This study characterized the histology and histochemistry of the major organ systems in female B. urophthalmoides. Ten healthy adult females collected from freshwater habitats in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand, were examined using routine histological and histochemical methods. The results demonstrated the organization of the digestive, reproductive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, integumentary, and urinary systems. The digestive system showed clear regional differentiation from the oral cavity to the intestine, together with the associated liver and pancreas. The ovary contained oocytes at various developmental stages, each with distinct histochemical features. The gills, heart, brain, spinal cord, integument, and kidney also exhibited well-defined tissue architecture, indicating functional specialization of the major organ systems. These findings provide baseline histological and histochemical information on B. urophthalmoides and contribute to a better understanding of its biology, ecological adaptations, and potential requirements for captive maintenance and aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thoracic Radiographic Evaluation of Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Anatomical Perspective. 犬扩张型心肌病的胸片评价：解剖学角度。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70124

Tuğrul Kırkulak, Şebnem Canikli Engin, Serkan Erdoğan

{"title":"Thoracic Radiographic Evaluation of Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Anatomical Perspective.","authors":"Tuğrul Kırkulak, Şebnem Canikli Engin, Serkan Erdoğan","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70124","url":null,"abstract":"Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common acquired myocardial diseases in dogs and a major cause of congestive heart failure. Thoracic radiography remains an essential first-line imaging modality for the rapid assessment of cardiac size, pulmonary vasculature, airways and secondary changes associated with heart failure. This research aims to present a systematic anatomical approach to the radiographic evaluation of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Rather than relying solely on global cardiac enlargement, each thoracic structure-including the cardiac silhouette, individual left cardiac chambers, pulmonary vessels, aorta, lung parenchyma, airways like trachea and pleural space-is assessed in a stepwise manner. For this purpose, a total of 30 dogs with DCM were evaluated in this study. The relationships between parameters related to the cardiac silhouette, size and dimension of the left atrium and data regarding vascular structures, airways, distances and the planar ratios of thoracic cavity were investigated. In particular, it was found that pulmonary veins were more dilated than arteries, and that pulmonary venous dilatation was more pronounced in cases of DCM. Significant correlations were found between Vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) and radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD); thus, it was demonstrated that using both RLAD and VLAS together is more reliable than using Vertebral heart score (VHS) solely. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between VLAS and ratio of thoracic inlet and left atrial size (TILAS). By adopting an anatomical approach, clinicians may improve the diagnostic utility of thoracic radiographs and enhance early recognition of clinically significant DCM in dogs.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inter-Individual Variations in Radial Bowing in Beagles: Cranial and Medial Deviation Patterns. 比格犬桡骨弯曲的个体间变异：颅内和内侧偏离模式。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70118

Motoharu Oishi, Yuuki Yamashita, Rei Takahata, Nobutsune Ichihara

{"title":"Inter-Individual Variations in Radial Bowing in Beagles: Cranial and Medial Deviation Patterns.","authors":"Motoharu Oishi, Yuuki Yamashita, Rei Takahata, Nobutsune Ichihara","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70118","url":null,"abstract":"The canine radius has anatomical and clinical importance because its shape influences forelimb alignment, joint orientation, and load distribution. However, normal three-dimensional variations in radial bowing within a single breed have not been sufficiently described. This study aimed to characterise inter-individual variations in radial bowing in Beagles using three-dimensional morphometry and principal component analysis. Nineteen radial specimens from 19 Beagles were examined. Surface morphology was captured using a three-dimensional scanner, with reference points placed on the proximal and distal articular regions and at three shaft levels corresponding to 25%, 50%, and 75% of the radial length. Distances from each shaft centroid to the radial axis, sagittal plane, and dorsal plane were measured and normalised for radial length, and principal component analysis was performed using the normalised variables. The middle level of the radius showed the greatest deviation among the three shaft levels. Cranial deviation was more pronounced than mediolateral deviation, and mediolateral deviation in the dorsal plane was directed medially. Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components explained more than 90% of the total variance. The first principal component mainly reflected cranial deviation at the middle level of the radius, whereas the second principal component reflected medial deviation at the proximal and middle levels. These findings quantitatively demonstrate inter-individual variations in radial bowing among Beagles and provide a three-dimensional anatomical basis for future studies on radial morphology, joint orientation, and orthopaedic assessment in canines.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beta Defensins in the Host Defense of Sheep Tongues: Cellular Localization and Possible Roles. β防御素在羊舌宿主防御中的作用：细胞定位和可能的作用。

IF 1 4区农林科学

Anatomia Histologia Embryologia Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70123

Bayram Bayram, Fatma Çelenk

{"title":"Beta Defensins in the Host Defense of Sheep Tongues: Cellular Localization and Possible Roles.","authors":"Bayram Bayram, Fatma Çelenk","doi":"10.1111/ahe.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ahe.70123","url":null,"abstract":"In domestic animals, a diverse range of antimicrobial peptides function as natural barriers to microbial invasion. Among these, defensins small, cationic, cysteine-rich, amphipathic peptides represent key elements of the innate immune system in multicellular organisms. The present study aimed to investigate the presence, regional localisation, and cellular distribution of β-defensin 1 (BD1), β-defensin 2 (BD2), β-defensin 3 (BD3), and β-defensin 4 (BD4), members of the defensin family, in the tongues of adult sheep using immunohistochemical techniques. BD1 and BD2 exhibited weak to moderate immunoreactivity, primarily localized to the basal and parabasal layers of the lingual epithelium, whereas BD3 and BD4 displayed strong expression across the entire epithelial layer. All of the defensins examined showed higher expression levels in the epithelial cells of filiform and lenticular papillae. Furthermore, variable expression of BD1, BD2, BD2, and BD4 was detected in stromal cells, skeletal muscle fibres, and vascular structures. In particular, BD3 and BD4 showed a more intense expression in all tongue tissues. These findings indicate that β-defensins are predominantly expressed in the epithelial compartment of the sheep tongue, suggesting their role in providing rapid local defence against microbial pathogens. The increased expression of BD3 and BD4 suggests that they play a more prominent role in immune responses triggered by inflammatory stimuli.","PeriodicalId":50794,"journal":{"name":"Anatomia Histologia Embryologia","volume":"55 3","pages":"e70123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0