Animal最新文献

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with calcium peroxide improves methane mitigation potential of finishing beef cattle","authors":"E. Roskam ,&nbsp;D.A. Kenny ,&nbsp;A.K. Kelly ,&nbsp;V. O’Flaherty ,&nbsp;S.M. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium peroxide (<strong>CaO₂</strong>) offers potential as an anti-methanogenic dietary feed material. The compound has been previously assessed <em>in vitro</em>, with methane (<strong>CH₄</strong>) reductions of &gt; 50% observed. The objective of this study was to assess dietary supplementation of CaO₂ at different inclusion levels and physical formats in a finishing beef system on the effects of animal performance, gaseous emissions, rumen fermentation parameters and digestibility. Seventy-two dairy-beef bulls (465 kg; 16 months of age) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments supplemented with CaO₂; in a coarse ration (1) <strong>CON</strong> (0% CaO₂), (2) <strong>LO</strong> (1.35% CaO₂), (3) <strong>HI</strong> (2.25% CaO₂), and in a pellet (4) <strong>HP</strong> (2.25% CaO₂) (n = 18). Animals received their respective treatments for a 77 d finishing period, during which DM intake (American Calan Inc., Northwood, NH), average daily gain (<strong>ADG</strong>), feed efficiency and enteric emissions (GreenFeed emissions monitoring system; C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) were measured. The finishing diet was isonitrogenous and isoenergetic across the four treatment groups, composed of 60:40 grass silage:concentrate. Silage was offered each morning (0900 h), and concentrates were offered twice daily (0800 and 1500 h). Supplementation of CaO₂ had no effect on final weight (<em>P</em> = 0.09), ADG (<em>P</em> = 0.22) or feed efficiency (<em>P</em> = 0.13). Regarding DM intake, the HI treatment group consumed in the order of 1 kg less than CON (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while HP did not affect DM intake compared to CON (<em>P</em> = 0.79). Across treatments, DM intake ranged from 8.43 to 9.57 kg/d, equating to 1.6–1.8% of BW. Daily CH₄ values for the control were 240 g/d, while CaO₂ supplemented diets ranged from 202 to 170 g/d, resulting in daily CH₄ reductions of 16, 29 and 27% for LO, HI and HP, respectively, compared to CON (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, hydrogen was reduced in CaO₂ supplemented animals by 32–36% relative to CON (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), with a simultaneous reduction in volatile fatty acid production (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and an increase in propionate concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Across all universally accepted CH₄ metrics (yield, intensity, production), the dietary inclusion of CaO₂ whether at a low or high rate, or indeed, through a coarse ration or pelleted format reduced CH₄ in the order of 16–32%. This study also concluded that CaO₂ can successfully endure the pelleting process, therefore, improving ease of delivery if implemented at farm level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101340"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of maiden ewes to the ‘ram effect’ is a robust management practice and a candidate selection trait for enhanced reproductive performance in drylands","authors":"I. Ben Salem ,&nbsp;M. Rouatbi ,&nbsp;M. Mlika ,&nbsp;T. Getachew ,&nbsp;A. Govind ,&nbsp;A. Haile ,&nbsp;M. Raggem ,&nbsp;R. Lahsoumi ,&nbsp;M. Rekik","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Management of reproduction that relies on naturally based solutions is extremely important to counter the negative perception around hormone-based interventions. In Mediterranean latitudes and wider regions of non-tropical drylands, sheep do not normally ovulate during spring but exposure to a ram can induce oestrus and ovulation. This study assesses the response of maiden Barbarine ewes in drylands to the ‘ram effect’ during springtime and estimates the genetic parameters of this response. The study uses a database documenting, for 24 consecutive years, the response of nulliparous 18-month-old ewes when mated after stimulation by the ‘ram effect.’ In addition to the oestrous and fertility database, a pedigree database was also available. Nearly half of the maiden ewes responded to the ‘ram effect,’ while 24% exhibited spontaneous reproductive activity and displayed oestrus during the first 14 days following the introduction of rams. Nearly 5% of females did not exhibit oestrus, and these animals are proposed for early culling. Average annual values of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (<strong>NDVI</strong>), reflecting vegetation cover, and the percent of maiden ewes spontaneously cycling were positively correlated (<em>P</em> = 0.006). Interestingly, NDVI was negatively correlated with the percentage of anoestrus females that did not respond to the ‘ram effect’ but exhibited oestrus beyond the hypothetical time frame commonly used to describe it. Average fertility was 82.8% and was significantly affected by mating year, live weight at mating, and the response to the ‘ram effect.’ The highest fertility (88.39%) was for females spontaneously cycling at the time of ram introduction, and the lowest (83.35%) was for females coming into oestrus beyond the time frame for a ram-induced oestrus and ovulation. Heritability from a univariate logit-transformed analysis for fertility was 0.10 and the genetic correlation between fertility and the interval between ram introduction and oestrus was 0.26, suggesting that a shorter interval is associated with higher fertility. Thus, the interval between ram introduction and oestrus is a good candidate for selective breeding for high fertility of maiden ewes in drylands mated out-of-season using the ‘ram effect.’</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live black soldier fly larvae as environmental enrichment for native chickens: implications for bird performance, welfare, and excreta microbiota","authors":"S. Bellezza Oddon ,&nbsp;I. Biasato ,&nbsp;I. Ferrocino ,&nbsp;A. Imarisio ,&nbsp;M. Renna ,&nbsp;C. Caimi ,&nbsp;M. Gariglio ,&nbsp;S. Dabbou ,&nbsp;M. Pipan ,&nbsp;D. Dekleva ,&nbsp;M.R. Corvaglia ,&nbsp;V. Bongiorno ,&nbsp;E. Macchi ,&nbsp;L. Cocolin ,&nbsp;L. Gasco ,&nbsp;A. Schiavone","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary live insect larvae were recently proposed for use in laying hens and broiler−intensive chicken farming as an innovative form of environmental enrichment, but their use in native dual-purpose chickens has never been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of live black soldier fly (<strong>BSF</strong>) larvae as environmental enrichment in two autochthonous dual-purpose chicken breeds, namely Bionda Piemontese (<strong>BP</strong>) and Bianca di Saluzzo (<strong>BS</strong>), in terms of bird performance, behaviour, integument status, excreta corticosterone metabolites (<strong>ECMs</strong>), and microbiota analyses. A total of 90 BP and 90 BS hens aged 308 days old were randomly distributed between two treatment groups (three replicates/group/breed, 15 hens/replicate). For the following 90 days, the control group (<strong>C</strong>) was fed a commercial feed only, whereas the BSF group was fed the commercial diet plus BSF live larvae calculated at 6% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI). Larva ingestion time, bird performance, integument scores, and behavioural observations were assessed at regular intervals, and excreta samples were collected to evaluate ECM and microbiota. The larva ingestion time became faster over the course of the experimental trial (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The DFI of BSF-fed hens was lower than that of C hens independently of breed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), whereas only in the BS hens, the live weight of the BSF-fed group was greater than that of the C group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The BSF-fed BP hens showed a higher laying rate and feed conversion ratio compared with BSF-BS (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Better total integument scores were observed in BSF-fed BP hens compared with C-birds (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The BSF-fed hens displayed higher frequencies of preening, trotting, and wing flapping than C, as well as a lower incidence of severe feather pecking (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). An increase in allopreening was only identified in BSF-fed BS hens with respect to the C hens (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). No differences in ECM and faecal microbiota were observed between treatment groups. In conclusion, the administration of BSF live larvae as environmental enrichment has the potential to positively influence the welfare of both BP and BS chickens, by enhancing the frequency of positive behaviours whilst reducing severe feather pecking, without affecting their excreta microbiota. BSF larva administration also has the potential to improve the productive performance and the plumage status of the BP breed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of rainfall on beef cattle growth across diverse climate zones.","authors":"F M Hasan, S Lomax, P C Thomson, M R Islam, A Chlingaryan, C E F Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2024.101336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetics, animal husbandry, and the feedbase all impact cattle growth. Australia's cattle feedbase covers 40% of the continent and encompasses diverse climates and landscapes, making stocking rate decisions challenging. Of the factors contributing to climate change, rainfall is a primary determinant of feedbase growth and, with this, cattle growth. Understanding the interplay between rainfall and cattle growth across the diverse Australian landscape is thus critical to aid farmer decision-making. However, revealing such interactions between landscape and rainfall for cattle growth for such decision-making has until now been infeasible due to a lack of sufficient temporal and spatial cattle growth data. The Optiweigh (OW) system has been deployed across Australia's extensive beef production systems as a voluntary weighing unit, opportunistically monitoring cattle liveweight (LW). This study determined the impact of rainfall on the temporal and spatial variability of beef cattle growth across three of Australia's agro-climatic zones (grassland, subtropical, and temperate), aiming to describe the diverse feedbase through patterns of LW variability. A total of 1.3 million cattle LW observations were collected from 82 026 cattle over 2 years (2020-2022). Rainfall data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology were also collated for the closest meteorological station to each OW unit. Cattle LW average daily gain (ADG) was clustered by season and zone. A series of linear mixed models were used to examine ADG for each zone-season combination, with random effects for individual animals and farms, and fixed effects for climate zone and current and lagged rainfall. The overall mean ADG for the dataset was 0.68 kg/day, with greater growth variability between farms within a zone (SD: 0.349 ± 0.021 kg/day, estimate ± SE) than between cattle within a farm (SD: 0.229 ± 0.004 kg/day). This ADG variability can be partly attributed to the timing and amount of rainfall, with agro-climatic zones showing unique interactions between rainfall and ADG. Seasonal lagged rainfall effects were present in the grassland and temperate zones, while rainfall in the temperate zone had a year-round effect on cattle growth. Furthermore, season-wise lagged rainfall had mixed effects on ADG, whereas rainfall occurring in a season reduced growth in the same season across zones (P < 0.001). These findings provide valuable initial insights into the variability of ADG across the landscape over time and markedly improve our understanding of the interplay between climate and Australia's diverse feedbase, contributing to improved management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":" ","pages":"101336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactation affects postweaning metabolic profiles, but not follicle size in multiparous sows","authors":"Q. Yu ,&nbsp;K.J. Teerds ,&nbsp;J. Keijer ,&nbsp;N.M. Soede","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young sows mobilise body reserves to support milk production during lactation, resulting in a negative energy balance (<strong>NEB</strong>). This NEB affects the development of follicles and oocytes that give rise to the next litter. Decreased IGF1 levels due to a NEB are thought to play a role in this process. As this has hardly been studied in multiparous sows, the current study focused on relations between lactation BW loss (%), metabolic hormones, and follicle development in multiparous sows at Day 0 and Day 4 after weaning. A total of 31 sows of parity 4.7 ± 2.5 were killed at either Day 0 or Day 4 after weaning. Average BW loss during lactation was 3.3 ± 4.5%, while average backfat loss was 4.1 ± 0.3 mm. The metabolic profile confirmed the metabolic impact of lactation as both non-esterified fatty acid (<strong>NEFA</strong>), and creatinine levels were higher at Day 0 than that at Day 4. Conversely, serum levels of IGF1 and growth differentiation factor 15 levels were lower on Day 0 than on Day 4. A higher BW loss (%) was related to higher NEFA levels on Day 0, but not on Day 4. IGF1 concentrations in serum and follicle fluid were similar at Day 0 and Day 4 and were not related to follicle size on these days. In conclusion, although lactation affected postweaning metabolic profiles in these multiparous sows, follicle size was not related to these profiles, probably due to the relatively mild BW loss of these sows. IGF1 concentrations were less affected by lactation and did not seem to limit follicle development, as it does in sows experiencing high weight loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-ancestry meta-genome-wide association studies provide insights to the understanding of semen traits in pigs","authors":"H. Cheng ,&nbsp;Z.Y. Zhang ,&nbsp;H. Han ,&nbsp;R. Wei ,&nbsp;W. Zhao ,&nbsp;Y.C. Sun ,&nbsp;B.B. Xu ,&nbsp;X.L. Hou ,&nbsp;J.L. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.Q. He ,&nbsp;Y. Fu ,&nbsp;Q.S. Wang ,&nbsp;Y.C. Pan ,&nbsp;Z. Zhang ,&nbsp;Z. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semen traits play a crucial role in pig reproduction and fertility. However, limited data availability hinder a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits. In this study, we integrated 597 299 ejaculates and 3 596 sequence data to identify genetic variants and candidate genes related to four semen traits, including sperm progressive motility (<strong>MOT</strong>), semen volume, sperm concentration (<strong>CON</strong>), and effective sperm count (<strong>SUM</strong>). A cross-ancestry meta−genome-wide association study was conducted to detect 163 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (<strong>SNPs</strong>) associated with MOT, CON, and SUM. Subsequently, transcriptome-wide association studies and colocalisation analyses were integrated to identify 176 candidate genes, many of which have documented roles in spermatogenesis or male mammal semen traits. Our analysis highlighted the potential involvement of <em>CSM5</em>, <em>PDZD9</em>, and <em>LDAF1</em> in regulating semen traits through multiple methods. Finally, to validate the function of significant SNPs, we performed genomic feature best linear unbiased prediction in 348 independent pigs using identified trait-related SNP subsets as genomic features. We found that integrating the top 0.1, 1, and 5% significant SNPs as genomic features could enhance genomic prediction accuracy for CON and MOT compared to traditional genomic best linear unbiased prediction. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms of boar semen traits and provides insight for developing genomic selection models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of selection analyses reveal genomic differences among three heavy pig breeds that constitute the genetic backbone of a dry-cured ham production system","authors":"F. Bertolini ,&nbsp;G. Schiavo ,&nbsp;S. Bovo ,&nbsp;A. Ribani ,&nbsp;S. Dall’Olio ,&nbsp;P. Zambonelli ,&nbsp;M. Gallo ,&nbsp;L. Fontanesi","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Italian pig farming industry is unique in its focus on raising heavy pigs primarily for the production of high-quality dry-cured hams. These products require pigs to be slaughtered at a live weight of around 170 kg at 9 months of age. The primary breeds used in this system are Italian Duroc, Italian Landrace, and Italian Large White which are crossed to produce lines that meet standard requirements. Over the past four decades, selection and breeding programmes for these breeds have been subjected to distinct selective pressures to highlight the characteristics of each breed. In this study, we investigated the genome of these breeds by analysing high-density single nucleotide polymorphism data from over 9 000 pigs to scan for signatures of selection using four different methods, two within breeds and two across breeds. This allowed to identify the genomic regions that differentiate these breeds as well as any relevant genes and biological terms. On a global scale, we found that the Italian Duroc breed exhibited a higher genetic differentiation from the Italian Landrace and Italian Large White breeds, with a pairwise F_ST value of 0.20 compared with the 0.13 between Italian Landrace and Italian Large White. This may reflect either their different origins or the different breeding goals, which are more similar for the Italian Landrace and Italian Large White breeds. Despite these genetic differences at a global level, few signatures of selection regions reached complete fixation, possibly due to challenges in detecting selection linked to quantitative polygenic traits. The differences among the three breeds are confirmed by the low level of overlap in the regions detected. Genetic enrichment analyses of the three breeds revealed pathways and genes related to various productive traits associated with growth and fat deposition. This may indicate a common selection direction aimed at enhancing specific production traits, though different biological mechanisms are likely targeted by the same directional selection in these three breeds. Therefore, these genes may play a critical role in determining the distinctive characteristics of Italian Duroc, Italian Landrace, and Italian Large White, and potentially influence the traits in crossbred pigs derived from them. Overall, the insights gained from this study will contribute to understanding how directional selection has shaped the genome of these heavy pig breeds and to better address selection strategies aimed at enhancing the meat processing industry linked with dry-cured ham production chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A type 2 immune circuit and arachidonic acid metabolism role in anti-nematode infection: evidence from transcriptome and targeted metabolome data in goat","authors":"W.X. Chen ,&nbsp;Q.X. Yan ,&nbsp;R.Z. Zhong ,&nbsp;S.X. Tang ,&nbsp;J.J. Loor ,&nbsp;Z.L. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gastrointestinal nematode infection poses a covert threat to both humans and domestic animals worldwide, eliciting a type 2 immune response within the small intestine. Intestinal tuft cells detect the nematode and activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Tuft cell−derived leukotrienes (one of the metabolites of arachidonic acid) were found to drive rapid anti-helminth immunity, but it is still poorly understood whether the tuft cell−mediated type 2 immune circuit and arachidonic acid metabolism modulate anti-parasitic immunity in the gastric epithelium. This study was designed to evaluate the immunological responses of goats inoculated with or without <em>H. contortus</em>. Results showed that <em>H. contortus</em> infection induced a systemic type 2 immune response, characterised by lymphocyte proliferation and greater eosinophils both in peripheral blood and abomasal mucosa, as well as increased type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Infection of <em>H. contortus</em> altered the transcriptome of the abomasum epithelium, especially tuft cell−mediated circuit-key genes. The infection also influenced the abomasal microbiota, arachidonic acid metabolism and related lipid metabolites, accompanying with great increases in the secretion of leukotrienes and prostaglandins. These findings demonstrate the role of tuft cells mediated circuit in sensing <em>H. contortus</em> infection and immune activation, reveal the candidate function of arachidonic acid involved in anti-helminth immunity, and suggest novel strategies for the control of parasitic diseases in livestock and humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of early administration of antibiotics or feeding a diet containing coccidiostats on the level of their accumulation in liver and the redox status of turkeys","authors":"R. Smagieł ,&nbsp;K. Tutaj ,&nbsp;E. Cholewińska ,&nbsp;P. Sołek ,&nbsp;D. Mikulski ,&nbsp;A. Stępniowska ,&nbsp;J. Jankowski ,&nbsp;K. Ognik","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early administration of antibiotics may worsen the functioning of the turkeys’ antioxidant system. It was also assumed that the longer the time of administration of an antibiotic, e.g. a coccidiostat, the greater the risk of its accumulation in the liver. The study aimed to determine whether early administration of antibiotics or feeding a diet containing coccidiostats causes accumulation in the liver and whether it affects the deterioration of the antioxidant system, and whether preventive vaccinations can intensify it. A total of 3 080 female turkeys were randomly allocated to eight groups. The experiment had a two-factorial design, with four treatments (C, M, E, D) and two groups of birds (vaccinated +, unvaccinated −). The C group did not receive the coccidiostat or antibiotics. Group M was administered monensin at 90 mg/kg feed for 56 days of life. Group E received enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg BW, and group D received doxycycline at 50 mg/kg BW, added to drinking water, for the first 5 days of life. One-day-old turkeys from groups C+, M+, E+, and D+ were administered live-attenuated vaccines against turkey rhinotracheitis and Newcastle disease by coarse spray; 28-day-old birds were administered a subcutaneously injected inactivated vaccine against <em>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</em>. Turkeys from groups C-, M-, E-, and D- were not vaccinated. It was determined that as a result of administration of enrofloxacin or doxycycline until the 5th day of life, biotransformation of these antibiotics occurred in the liver until the 56th day of life of the turkeys, which was confirmed by their lower level than the Maximum Residue Level. Because the concentration of monensin in the liver of turkeys gradually increased with the extension of the time of its administration in the diet, it is probable that discontinuing its addition a day before the slaughter of birds will result in the presence of this coccidiostat in the liver of turkeys. Despite the accumulation of monensin in the liver of turkeys, this coccidiostat did not increase oxidative reactions in the organism of turkeys. Vaccination of turkeys can reduce oxidative reactions and apoptosis in the body. However, the effect of the redox system reaction is different immediately after vaccination, which is due to the mechanism of action of the immune system. If it is necessary to administer an antibiotic in the early rearing period, the effects of doxycycline on the organism’s immunity including antioxidant defence will be less severe than those of enrofloxacin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal board invited review: The effect of diet on rumen microbial composition in dairy cows","authors":"A. Palmonari,&nbsp;A. Federiconi,&nbsp;A. Formigoni","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ruminants play an important part in the food supply chain, and manipulating rumen microbiota is important to maximising ruminants’ production. Rumen microbiota through rumen fermentation produces as major end products volatile fatty acids that provide animal’s energy requirements, and microbial CP. Diet is a key factor that can manipulate rumen microbiota, and each variation of the physical and chemical composition creates a specific niche that selects specific microbes. Alteration in the chemical composition of forage, the addition of concentrates in the diet, or the inclusion of plant extract and probiotics, can induce a change in rumen microbiota. High-throughput sequencing technologies are the approaches utilised to investigate the microbial system. Also, the application of omics technologies allows us to understand rumen microbiota composition and these approaches are useful to improve selection programmes. The aim of this review was to summarise the knowledge about rumen microbiota, its role in nutrient metabolism, and how diet can influence its composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731124002568/pdfft?md5=25edf9dd114f902459fc77519400ba67&pid=1-s2.0-S1751731124002568-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}