Animal最新文献

{"title":"Nitrogen excretion and utilisation of dairy cows grazing temperate semi-natural grasslands","authors":"S. Perdana-Decker ,&nbsp;E. Velasco ,&nbsp;J. Werner ,&nbsp;U. Dickhoefer","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diets reliant on grazed, temperate herbage are prone to greater nitrogen (<strong>N</strong>) losses via urine than balanced stall-fed diets which poses a greater risk for N emissions. Measures for improving the N utilisation in grazing-based dairy cattle systems are predominantly investigated on homogenous clover-ryegrass pastures with high herbage yields and nutritional quality. In contrast, grazing-based systems reliant on less external inputs (e.g., synthetic fertilisers or concentrates) using semi-natural grassland as main feed source, such as in large parts of Central Europe, received less attention. The N utilisation and excretion of grazing cows in low-input dairy farms were, thus, investigated on nine commercial organic dairy farms in South Germany across one to four periods per farm. The dataset captured a diverse set of dairy production systems comprising 323 individual animal observations. A mean (± one SD) milk production, DM intake (<strong>DMI</strong>), and pasture DMI of 23.9 kg (± 5.35), 21.0 kg (± 3.21), and 11.3 kg/d (± 4.83), respectively, was determined. Feed intake was estimated using titanium dioxide and faecal CP concentration as markers of faecal excretion and diet digestibility, respectively. Milk N use efficiency (<strong>MNE</strong>; i.e., milk N secretion as share of N intake) averaged 24.7 g/100 g N intake (± 5.91), which is greater than observations in temperate, high-input grazing systems but lower than in cows receiving balanced diets in the barn. The MNE and another seven indicators of N utilisation and excretion displayed a wide range of values. The grazing management factors explaining this variation were, thus, identified via backward elimination. The supplementation strategy had the greatest potential for manipulating N utilisation and excretion of dairy cows. Increasing shares of fresh forages (i.e., meadow grass or clover-grass leys) as well as of hay in supplement DMI increased N utilisation (e.g., MNE) and decreased urinary N excretion (e.g., urinary N to creatinine ratio), while increasing shares of concentrates in supplement DMI are related to lower N losses via urine. At the same time, increases in total supplement DMI reduced N utilisation and increased urinary N excretion. Hence, full-time grazing combined with supplementation of fresh forage and hay in the barn is a viable option for low-input, grazing-based dairy operations with moderate levels of N losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 12","pages":"Article 101358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phosphorus and calcium depletion on growth performances and bone mineralisation in growing pigs","authors":"M. Lautrou ,&nbsp;C. Pomar ,&nbsp;P. Schmidely ,&nbsp;M.P. Létourneau-Montminy","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of P nowadays is raising environmental (eutrophication) and sustainability (limited resource) concerns in the swine industry, but initial trials have shown that similar growth performance can be achieved between pigs fed on a requirement basis and those fed using a P depletion-repletion strategy. To optimise the use of dietary P by pigs, three feeding strategies were studied according to a 3-phase feeding programme: (1) C–C–C providing 100% of the P and Ca requirements, (2) C-L_Normal-C, providing 100% of the P and Ca requirements in phases 1 and 3 (C) with a depletion in phase 2 with 60% of the P requirements combined with a normal Ca:digP ratio of 2.6 (L_Normal), and 3) C-L_High-C, providing 100% of the P and Ca requirements in phases 1 and 3 (C) with a depletion in phase 2 with 60% of the P requirements combined with a high Ca:digP ratio of 3.3 (L_High). Bone mineral content (<strong>BMC</strong>) and BW were measured at the beginning and end of each phase. BMC gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed efficiency were calculated for each phase. In phase 1, all pigs received the same diet. At the end of phase 2, the C-L_Normal-C and C-L_High-C groups had similar BMCs compared to the C–C–C group. Finally, at the end of phase 3, the BMC gain was numerically higher in the C-L_Normal-C group than in the C–C–C group (25.4 vs 18.7 g/d, <em>P</em> = 0.10). Although depletion did not cause a decrease in BMC in the C-L_Normal-C and C-L_High-C groups (versus C–C–C), it did result in better P use during repletion. These results demonstrate the value of a depletion-repletion strategy to reduce P intake and excretion without compromising the final performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 12","pages":"Article 101355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Do veterinary diagnoses coming from electronic recording system of veterinary treatments have the potential to be used for breeding in small populations? The case of the dual-purpose Alpine Grey cattle breed","authors":"T. Zanon ,&nbsp;A. Oian ,&nbsp;R. Mantovani ,&nbsp;M. Gauly","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cattle breeding, emphasis has historically been placed on productive traits, so-called primary traits, while health and fitness traits have been overlooked due to their low heritability and partly negative genetic correlations with productivity. In addition, the recording of phenotypes caused problems due to a lack of high-quality information and / or high costs of recording. This oversight has additionally led to increased incidences of fertility issues and health problems in cattle populations, resulting in economic losses and consumer concerns regarding animal welfare and food safety. This study investigates the potential use of veterinary diagnoses, collected via the Italian electronic recording system of veterinary treatments, for breeding decisions in the local dual-purpose Alpine Grey cattle breed for which the consideration of functional traits in breeding has also become imperative over the last years. The dataset comprised 97 821 records spanning from 2021 to 2023, representing 8 273 individuals and 18 110 lactations of the Alpine Grey breed. Each record documented the administration of treatments for mammary, respiratory, and urogenital pathologies. After data editing and model development, heritability estimates were obtained for each pathology using univariate linear animal models and gibbs sampling algorithms. Results indicate that mammary pathologies affected the highest number of cows (11%), followed by respiratory (4%) and urogenital (5%) pathologies. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.01 to 0.04 across all traits, confirming generally low heritability values. Respiratory pathologies exhibited the highest heritability (0.04; sd 0.04), followed by mammary (0.03; sd 0.01) and urogenital (0.01; sd 0.01) pathologies. This study, although preliminary, provides valuable insights into the health status of local dual-purpose Alpine Grey cattle and highlights the potential of considering veterinary diagnoses for improving animal health and welfare in dairy cattle breeding. However, the low heritability of these traits, which is consistent with literature data, clearly shows the current limitations of using them for breeding. Further, the diagnostic key of the Italian electronic recording system of veterinary treatments should be specified for the use of health data for breeding purposes, as it is formulated in too general manner in its current form. Nevertheless, their significance for animal welfare and economic sustainability underlines the need for their consideration in dairy cattle breeding. Therefore, further research with larger sample sizes and consideration of additional indicators, such as somatic cell counts, is recommended to enhance the accuracy of genetic evaluations and improve breeding strategies for sustainable cattle production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association studies for milk production traits in two autochthonous Aosta cattle breeds","authors":"F. Bernini ,&nbsp;E. Mancin ,&nbsp;C. Sartori ,&nbsp;R. Mantovani ,&nbsp;M. Vevey ,&nbsp;V. Blanchet ,&nbsp;A. Bagnato ,&nbsp;M.G. Strillacci","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genome-wide association studies (<strong>GWASs</strong>) are used to identify quantitative trait loci for phenotypic traits of interest. The use of multilocus mixed models allows to correct for population stratification and account for long-range linkage disequilibrium. In this study, GWASs were conducted to identify the genetic bases of milk production (milk yield, protein and fat composition, and yield) in two autochthonous dual-purpose cattle breeds from the Aosta Valley. Using either the breeding values or the deregressed proofs, common significative single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified for milk yield, protein percentage, and fat percentage. Two major quantitative trait loci regions have been identified on the chromosomes 5 and 14 for the fat percentage, harbouring the <em>MGST1, CYHR1, VPS28</em>, and <em>CPSF1</em> genes. For the protein percentage, a candidate region has been identified on BTA 6; in this region, the <em>CSN1S1</em>, <em>CSN2, HSTN, CSN3</em>, and <em>RUFY3</em> genes are annotated. Most of the identified genes have already been associated with milk composition in other studies on cosmopolitan and local cattle. These results show that the genes involved in milk composition quantitative traits in the Aosta cattle are common also in other cattle breeds and they can be further investigated with the use of whole genome sequencing data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sow and litter performance after cross-fostering one surplus piglet and co-mingling the litters at early lactation","authors":"G.P. Zanin,&nbsp;L. Santos,&nbsp;D.M.S. Tomm,&nbsp;D.F. Silveira,&nbsp;F.P. Bortolozzo,&nbsp;R.R. Ulguim,&nbsp;A.P.G. Mellagi","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of piglets born alive is frequently greater than the functional teats, and some farms are equalizing litters with surplus piglets, limiting piglet udder access. Removing the barrier among farrowing crates may allow piglets to socialize and seek other sows. Thus, we evaluated the effects litter size at cross-fostering and socialization on the sow and piglet performance during lactation. Two factors were included in a 2 × 2 factorial design: socialization and litter size relative to sow functional teat number at cross-fostering. Litters (n = 189) were then assigned to one of four groups: <strong>CONT+0</strong> (litters not co-mingled with no additional piglet), <strong>CONT+1</strong> (not co-mingled with one additional piglet), <strong>Co-M+0</strong> (co-mingled with no additional piglet), <strong>Co-M+1</strong> (co-mingled with one additional piglet). Piglets were cross-fostered from 12–16 h after birth, and 24 h later, Co-M groups were socialized by removing the barrier between two adjacent pens. During lactation, sows lost more caliper units in the + 1 group than in the + 0 group (<em>P</em> = 0.04). The number of functional teats did not differ among groups, but Co-M sows had a higher udder lesion score at weaning than CONT (6.55 vs 4.83; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, +1 sows had fewer vacant teats throughout lactation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Milk yield did not differ among the groups (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.13). Regarding the number of weaned piglets, no difference was observed for socialization (<em>P</em> = 0.84), but + 1 sows weaned 0.67 more piglets than + 0 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Although CONT+0 had the heaviest piglets at weaning (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), litter weight did not differ among the groups (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.08). Facial and joint lesions were frequently observed in Co-M (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) than CONT. Piglet loss rate did not differ among treatments (overall rate = 12.6%; <em>P</em> ≥ 0.26). The removal rate, however, was more frequent in + 1 litters than in  + 0 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Death due to starvation was higher in CONT+1 than CONT+0 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) but did not differ between the Co-M groups (<em>P</em> = 0.99). Litters formed with one additional piglet relative to functional teat number weaned more piglets, albeit with lower individual weight. Litter socialization may alleviate the impact of high litter size but shows greater percentages of udder injuries and facial and joint lesions in weaned piglets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide comparative analyses for selection signatures indicate candidate genes for between-breed variability in copper accretion in sheep","authors":"O.O. Adeniyi ,&nbsp;J.A. Lenstra ,&nbsp;S. Mastrangelo ,&nbsp;G. Lühken","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of copper (<strong>Cu</strong>) intoxication and deficiency continues to impact economic gains and animal welfare in sheep husbandry. This study investigated the ovine genome for regions and potential genes under selection for Cu accretion between sheep breeds. For this, we compared ovine single nucleotide polymorphism (<strong>SNP</strong>) data of three Cu-susceptible breeds with three Cu-tolerant breeds. After merging SNP data of breeds and removal of related individuals, a total of 229 sheep and 45 640 autosomal SNPs were left. Then, we selected 14 individuals per breed into two datasets (datasets 1 and 2) for analysis of selection signatures using the Fixation index, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and haplotype-based FLK methods. Selection regions shared by both datasets detected by at least two methods revealed regions on OAR 4, 8 and 11 containing 54 candidate genes under selection for Cu accretion. Enrichment analysis revealed that 19 gene ontologies and 1 enriched Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes pathway terms were associated with the candidate genes under selection. Genes such as <em>TP53</em>, <em>TNFSF13</em>, <em>TNFSF12</em>, <em>ALOX15</em>, <em>ALOX12</em>, <em>EIF5A</em> and <em>PREP</em> are associated with the regulation of Cu homeostasis, programmed cell death or inflammatory response. We also found an enrichment of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity and ferroptosis that influence cellular inflammation and cell death. These results shed light on ovine genomic regions under selection for Cu accretion and provide information on candidate genes for further studies on breed differences in ovine Cu accretion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary propyl gallate and Lactobacillus plantarum addition on growth, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and immune functions of Pekin ducks","authors":"L. Dai ,&nbsp;B.W. Wang ,&nbsp;W.L. Fan ,&nbsp;W. Qian ,&nbsp;J. Zhang ,&nbsp;B.H. Wang ,&nbsp;B.B. Zhang ,&nbsp;M.A. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between probiotic bacteria and polyphenol antioxidants can potentially enhance animal health. The present study examined the effects of propyl gallate and <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> supplementation on the growth, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and immune functions of Pekin ducks. A total of 128 male Pekin ducks (7-day-old) were allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates of eight birds each. The ducks were fed the corn-soybean based diet (the control), supplemented with either propyl gallate (100 mg/kg), <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> (4 × 10⁹ CFU/kg), or both, for 5 weeks. Dietary supplementation with propyl gallate and <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> had no significant effect on feed intake (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but increased average daily gain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> also reduced the feed/gain ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Villus height (<strong>VH</strong>) in the duodenum and ileum was increased by supplementation, while only propyl gallate supplement increased VH in the jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation had no effect on small intestine crypt depth (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Enhanced total superoxide dismutase activity was observed with supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but no effects were seen on catalase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase values (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Serum immunoglobulin G was increased with <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but not with propyl gallate (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). No change in IgA and IgM concentrations was observed with supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with propyl gallate, <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, or both, enhanced the villus height of the small intestines, improving the growth rate of Pekin ducks. The synergistic effects of both propyl gallate and <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> on the villus height and serum total superoxide dismutase activity surpassed the individual effects of each supplement in Pekin ducks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do different amounts of straw as well as compost in the home pen affect the rooting motivation of growing-finishing pigs?","authors":"S. Lopez ,&nbsp;C. Rufener ,&nbsp;M. Holinger","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rooting is a strongly motivated, species-specific behaviour of pigs. Most housing systems do not provide appropriate materials that enable the full expression of this behaviour, and it remains unclear whether straw is suitable to entirely fulfil the rooting motivation of pigs. We therefore investigated the suitability of small (minimal) and large (deep) amounts of straw as well as large amounts of compost to satisfy rooting motivation in pigs. Fifty-seven growing-finishing pigs were housed in three pens, each providing permanent access to one of the three treatment substrates. Eight pigs per group were tested individually in a classical preference test (<strong>PT</strong>) and another eight pigs in a conditioned place preference test (<strong>CPPT</strong>). In the tests, pigs could show their preference to consume freely available feed (“feed”) or feed hidden in sawdust (“root”). In the CPPT, feed was only present during training but not during testing. Pigs were exposed to the test situation twice, with approximately 72 kg and 115 kg BW. In both tests, the following variables were measured and used as outcome variables in linear mixed effect models: first decision to choose one of the two stimuli (“feed” or “root”), duration of time spent in proximity to “root”, number of changes between stimuli, and latency to the first decision. Overall, the pigs’ first decision (by tendency; <em>P</em> = 0.076) and the duration in proximity to “root” (<em>P</em> = 0.034) varied among treatments: Pigs housed with minimal straw tended to be more likely to choose “root” first (posthoc comparison; <em>P</em> = 0.090) and spent more time in proximity to “root” (<em>P</em> = 0.030) than pigs housed with compost, whereas pigs housed with deep straw were intermediate. Interestingly, the patterns of response to the treatment differed depending on the behavioural tests for both, first decision (interaction; <em>P</em> = 0.032) and duration in proximity to “root” (interaction; by tendency; <em>P</em> = 0.006). In addition, pigs in the PT changed more often between stimuli than pigs in the CPPT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). There was a tendency for an interactive effect between test and treatment for latency to first decision (interaction; <em>P</em> = 0.082), though pairwise comparisons did not reveal any differences. We concluded that in this study housing with permanent access to compost satisfied rooting motivation in pigs more than housing with minimal amounts of straw.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 10","pages":"Article 101325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: A theoretical framework to define foraging behaviour syndromes in ruminants using wearable technologies.","authors":"B R Thompson, D R Stevens, I J Gordon, T M R Maxwell, S Zydenbos, P Gregorini","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2024.101346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to intensification processes that have had negative impacts on environmental externalities, pastoral farmers, worldwide, are facing increasing scrutiny and pressure from consumers, governments, and the public to reduce the environmental footprint of their operations. Developing tools and systems that farmers can use to maintain profitability and productivity while decreasing the negative externalities of their operations is important for the vitality of rural sectors. Capitalising on individual animal variation has been promoted as an opportunity to increase animal productivity and enhance welfare while decreasing the negative environmental impacts of pastoral farming. Of particular interest are behaviours that are associated with foraging, as these are the primary drivers of variation in animal performance in pastoral farming. Developing a methodology that can identify consistent foraging behavioural variations across individuals is a critical step in making this a practical solution for farmers and herders. As with all behavioural research, the fundamental challenge is selecting the appropriate behaviours to measure. Understanding the contextual drivers of behavioural expression is a major development in this process. Herd management and composition, environmental variables and many more contexts alter the expression of behaviours, so how do we capture behaviours of interest? We propose the use of a systematic methodology to capture behaviours of significance from large groups of foraging ruminants using wearable technology, namely Global Positioning System and accelerometers. This contrasts with traditional reductionist methodologies used in behaviour research and has the benefit of providing large objective datasets from undisturbed animals. Statistical analysis of the data will inform behaviours of interest that are clustered together to inform a three-factor foraging behaviour syndrome model adapted from the animal five-factor model (activity, aggression, boldness, exploration, sociability) of personality. Syndromes, unlike personalities, include correlated suites of behaviours that are expressed across spatial and temporal contexts. By capturing foraging behaviour syndromes, selection can be used to match appropriate syndromes to different pastoral farming landscapes, thereby potentially improving the system's productivity while reducing their negative environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":" ","pages":"101346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from poultry, cattle and pigs","authors":"B. Kot ,&nbsp;M. Witeska","doi":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.animal.2024.101345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, common pathogenic bacteria, cause dangerous infectious diseases in animals and humans. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> have numerous resistance mechanisms to antibacterials and the frequency of resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates increases, making treatment of <em>K. pneumoniae</em>-induced infections difficult. Farm animals are a possible source of antibacterial resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. The aim of this literature review (2018–2024) was to evaluate the antibacterial resistance of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolated from poultry, cattle and pigs in various countries. The analysis shows that farm animals are an important source of antibacterial-resistant and multidrug-resistant <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and that resistance patterns differ among antibacterial groups, animals and locations. In poultry, high resistance to penicillins (91%), III and IV generation cephalosporins (&gt; 50%) occurred, and low to carbapenems (5%) and polymyxins (6%). In cattle, high resistance to sulphonamides (76%), IV generation cephalosporins, macrolides and lincosamides, and penicillins occurred (&gt; 50%), and low to carbapenems (10%) and polymyxins (1%). Isolates from pigs showed high resistance to I and II-generation cephalosporins, I-generation fluoroquinolones, macrolides and lincosamides, tetracyclines (&gt; 50%) and carbapenems (&gt; 20%), and low to polymyxins (5%). The highest resistance rates to most antibacterial groups occurred in pigs, and in Africa and Asia, while the lowest in cattle, and in North and South America. Particularly, the relatively high resistance of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> to carbapenems and polymyxins in Africa poses a threat to animal and human health as these antibiotics are the last resort therapeutics used to treat severe infections. Different rates of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> resistance to antibacterials among isolates from farm animals probably result from differences in the treatment of each animal group with various antibacterial agents and different regimes of their use in various locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50789,"journal":{"name":"Animal","volume":"18 11","pages":"Article 101345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}