Annals of Thoracic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Algorithmic approach in the management of COVID-19 patients with residual pulmonary symptoms","authors":"Albina Guri, Lauren Groner, Joanna Escalon, Anthony Saleh","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_83_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_83_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Coronavirus-19 emerged about 3 years ago and has proven to be a devastating disease, crippling communities worldwide and accounting for more than 6.31 million deaths. The true disease burden of COVID-19 will come to light in the upcoming years as we care for COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with residual long-term symptoms affecting every organ system. Pulmonary fibrosis is the most severe long-term pulmonary manifestation of PCS, and due to the high incidence of COVID-19 infection rates, PCS-pulmonary fibrosis has the potential of becoming the next large-scale respiratory health crisis. To confront the potentially devastating effects of emerging post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, dedicated research efforts are needed to focus on surveillance, understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms, and most importantly, an algorithmic approach to managing these patients. We have performed a thorough literature review on post-COVID-19 pulmonary symptoms/imaging/physiology and present an algorithmic approach to these patients based on the best available data and extensive clinical experience.","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of perfusion-only scan in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the era of COVID-19: A single-center study of 434 patients","authors":"Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ahmed Abdelrahman, Scott A. Rohren, John Doucette, Munir Ghesani","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the diagnostic accuracy of perfusion (Q)-only studies in the absence of ventilation images. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Q-only imaging in the pandemic era. METHODS: Patients who underwent Q-only imaging for pulmonary embolism between March 2020 and February 2021 were analyzed. Patients who underwent lung quantification analysis were excluded. Q-only test results were reported as per modified PIOPED II criteria and single positron emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging was performed as needed. Patients were considered concordant or discordant by correlating the Q-only results with CT angiogram (CTA) or clinical diagnosis made through chart review. The diagnostic accuracy was calculated after excluding intermediate probability and nondiagnostic studies. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-four patients were identified. One hundred and twenty-eight patients (29.4%) underwent ultrasound Doppler, 37 patients (8.5%) underwent CTA, and 16 patients (3.6%) underwent both. After excluding patients with intermediate probability or nondiagnostic studies and who did not have follow-up (a total of 87 patients [20%]), 347 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. The combined planar and SPECT/CT sensitivity and specificity were 85.4% (72.2%–93.9% confidence interval [CI]) and 98.7% (96.9%–98.6% CI), respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the Q-only imaging was 89.1% (77.3%–95.1% CI) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.2% (96.4%–99% CI). The sensitivity with SPECT/CT reached 100% (CI: 71.5%–100%) with a specificity of 92.3% (CI: 64%–99.8%). The PPV was 85.7% (CI: 62.1%–95.6%) and the NPV was 100%. CONCLUSION: Q-only imaging provides clinically acceptable results. The sensitivity of the Q-only scan is increased when coupled with SPECT/CT.","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal positive airway pressure requirement and polysomnography indices of obstructive sleep apnea severity in the Saudi population.","authors":"Ahmad A Bamagoos,&nbsp;Shahad A Alshaynawi,&nbsp;Atheer S Gari,&nbsp;Atheer M Badawi,&nbsp;Mudhawi H Alhiniah,&nbsp;Asma A Alshahrani,&nbsp;Renad R Rajab,&nbsp;Reem K Bahaj,&nbsp;Faris Alhejaili,&nbsp;Siraj O Wali","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_183_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/atm.atm_183_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Positive airway pressure (PAP) is the first-line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Overnight PAP titration for determining optimal PAP requirements is expensive and often inconvenient. Prediction of optimal PAP requirements from diagnostic polysomnography via mathematical equations is possible but variable across populations.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to (1) determine the optimal PAP requirement, (2) determine differences in optimal PAP requirements across OSA severity groups, (3) determine the relationship between optimal PAP requirement and diagnostic polysomnography measurements of OSA severity, and (4) develop a pilot equation to predict the optimal PAP requirement from diagnostic polysomnography in a sample from the Saudi population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed records pertaining to adult OSA patients (<i>n</i> = 215; 63% of males) who underwent standardized diagnostic and titration polysomnography in our sleep laboratory between 2015 and 2019. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical information were also collected for the analysis. Inferential statistics were performed for comparisons between diagnostic and titration studies and between OSA severity groups. Regression analyses were also performed to determine the potential predictors of optimal PAP requirements. Data were presented as the mean (± standard deviation) or median (25^th-75^th quartiles) according to normality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median optimal PAP requirement was 13 (9-17) cmH₂O. The optimal PAP requirement was significantly greater for male versus female participants (14 [10-17] vs. 12 [8-16] cmH₂O) and for participants with severe OSA (16 [12-20] cmH₂O, <i>n</i> = 119) versus those with moderate (11 [8-14] cmH₂O, <i>n</i> = 63) or mild (9 [7-12] cmH₂O, <i>n</i> = 33) OSA. When combined, nadir oxygen saturation, oxygen desaturation index, and arousal index could be used to predict the optimal PAP requirement (<i>R</i> ²= 0.39, <i>F</i> = 34.0, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The optimal PAP requirement in the Saudi population is relatively high and directly correlated with OSA severity. Diagnostic polysomnography measurements of OSA severity predicted the optimal PAP requirement in this sample. Prospective validation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/00/ATM-18-31.PMC10034820.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9183361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with community-acquired pneumonia in a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Talal Oreibi, Farhan Alenezi, Amjad M. Ahmed, Felwa Bin Humaid, Musharaf Sadat, Hani Mohammed Tamim, Faisal Fouad Baseet, Brintha Naidu, Yaseen M. Arabi","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_49_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_49_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive international epidemiological and clinical studies to improve those patients’ outcomes, local statistics in Saudi Arabia are limited. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with the diagnosis of CAP reflecting the experience of a tertiary center over an 18-year period. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included all consecutive adult ICU patients diagnosed with CAP between 1999 and 2017. Baseline demographics, patients’ risk factors, and initial admission laboratory investigations were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. A multivariate regression model was used to predict mortality. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 3438 patients admitted to the ICU with CAP (median age 67 [Quartile 1, 3 (Q1, Q3) 51, 76] years) and 54.4% were males, of whom 1007 (29.2%) died. The survivors compared with nonsurvivors were younger (65 vs. 70 years), less likely to have chronic liver disease (2.4% vs. 10.5%), chronic renal failure (8.1% vs. 14.4%), and be immunocompromised (10.2% vs. 18.2%), and less frequently required mechanical ventilation or vasopressors (46.2% vs. 80.5% and 29.6% vs. 55.9%, respectively). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was significantly higher among nonsurvivors (median score 26 vs. 20) with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay. Using a multivariate regression model, age, APACHE II score, bilirubin level, vasopressors, and mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with increased mortality, while diabetes was associated with lower mortality. CONCLUSION: Around one-third of patients admitted to the ICU with CAP died. Mortality was significantly associated with age, APACHE II score, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation. A comprehensive national registry is needed to enhance epidemiological data and to guide initiatives for improving CAP patients’ outcomes.","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The advantages of inhalational sedation using an anesthetic-conserving device versus intravenous sedatives in an intensive care unit setting: A systematic review","authors":"Zohair Al Aseri, Mariam Ali Alansari, Sara Ali Al-Shami, Bayan Alaskar, Dhuha Aljumaiah, Alyaa Elhazmi","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_89_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_89_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sedation is fundamental to the management of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Its indications in the ICU are vast, including the facilitating of mechanical ventilation, permitting invasive procedures, and managing anxiety and agitation. Inhaled sedation with halogenated agents, such as isoflurane or sevoflurane, is now feasible in ICU patients using dedicated devices/systems. Its use may reduce adverse events and improve ICU outcomes compared to conventional intravenous (IV) sedation in the ICU. This review examined the effectiveness of inhalational sedation using the anesthetic conserving device (ACD) compared to standard IV sedation for adult patients in ICU and highlights the technical aspects of its functioning. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Sage Journals databases using the terms “anesthetic conserving device,” “Anaconda,” “sedation” and “intensive care unit” in randomized clinical studies that were performed between 2012 and 2022 and compared volatile sedation using an ACD with IV sedation in terms of time to extubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and lengths of ICU and hospital stay. RESULTS: Nine trials were included. Volatile sedation (sevoflurane or isoflurane) administered through an ACD shortened the awakening time compared to IV sedation (midazolam or propofol). CONCLUSION: Compared to IV sedation, volatile sedation administered through an ACD in the ICU shortened the awakening and extubation times, ICU length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation. More clinical trials that assess additional clinical outcomes on a large scale are needed.","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased airway resistance among exclusive waterpipe smokers detected using impulse oscillometry.","authors":"Hassan A Chami,&nbsp;Nourhan Houjeij,&nbsp;Maha Makki,&nbsp;Lina Itani,&nbsp;Hani Tamim,&nbsp;Ahmad Al Mulla,&nbsp;Bartolome Celli,&nbsp;Salah Zeineldine","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_165_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/atm.atm_165_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Waterpipe smoking is increasing in popularity, yet the evidence implicating waterpipe smoking in lung disease is limited. We hypothesized that impulse oscillometry (IOS) would detect airway abnormalities in waterpipe smokers (WPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 210 participants, 40 years or older, from the community, of whom 92 were exclusive WPS and 118 were never-smokers. Waterpipe smoking history was assessed using a validated questionnaire. All participants underwent spirometry, and IOS and absolute and percentage predicted results (for age, sex, height, and weight) were compared between WPS and nonsmokers. The association of IOS parameters with waterpipe smoking duration and extent (waterpipe smoked/day * smoking duration) was evaluated using linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WPS smoked on average 1.8 ± 1.2 waterpipes/day, over an average duration of 23.3 ± 39.8 years. WPS and nonsmokers were largely asymptomatic and had similar age, body mass index, sex distribution, and spirometric values. Nevertheless, WPS had higher IOS measured resistance at 5Hz compared to nonsmokers, (0.53 ± 0.2 vs. 0.48 ± 0.2 kPa/L/s, <i>P</i> = 0.03) and higher percentage-predicted resistance (124.5 ± 36.3 vs. 115.7% ± 35.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.04). Waterpipe smoking duration was also associated with resistance (β = 0.04 kPa/L/s/year, <i>P</i> = 0.01) and with percentage-predicted resistance (β = 0.05/year, <i>P</i> = 0.02). Waterpipe smoking extent was associated with resistance (β = 0.009 kPa/L/s/waterpipe-year, <i>P</i> = 0.04), while the association with percentage-predicted resistance was near significance (β = 0.009/waterpipe-year, <i>P</i> = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Waterpipe smoking is associated with increased airway resistance assessed by IOS but not by spirometry in largely asymptomatic individuals from the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/9c/ATM-18-23.PMC10034824.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9191291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retransplantation for COVID-19-related lung graft failure: A case report of successful outcome in a critically ill lung transplant recipient","authors":"Prince Ntiamoah, Marie Budev, Jason Turowski, Charles Randall Lane, Kenneth R. McCurry","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_107_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_107_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: End-stage lung disease from nonrecovered COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome has become an increasingly frequent indication for lung transplant. Although reports of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) with COVID-19 suggest an increased risk for hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death, little is known about retransplant for COVID-19-related lung graft failure. In this manuscript, we present a 49-year-old man who received bilateral lung retransplantation for COVID-19-related lung graft failure, 7½ years after his initial transplant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Our case suggests that retransplantation may be a viable option for critically ill LTRs with COVID-19-related graft failure, even in the presence of other organ dysfunction, provided that they are in good condition and have an immunologically favorable donor.","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135009165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis: An ongoing concern","authors":"Nuha Nasser Alrajhi","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 rapidly spread across the globe causing over 6 million deaths and major compromization of health facilities. The vast majority of survivors post-COVID-19 are left with variable degrees of health sequelae including pulmonary, neurological, psychological, and cardiovascular complications. Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is one of the major concerns arising after the recovery from this pandemic. Risk factors for post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis include age, male sex, and the severity of COVID-19 disease. High-resolution computed tomography provides diagnostic utility to diagnose pulmonary fibrosis as it provides more details regarding the pattern and the extent of pulmonary fibrosis. Emerging data showing similarities between post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, finding that needs further exploration. The management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis depends on many factors but largely relies on excluding other causes of pulmonary fibrosis, the extent of fibrosis, and physiological impairment. Treatment includes immunosuppressants versus antifibrotics or both.","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135051461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When single-inhaler triple therapy is a preferred option in asthma management?","authors":"Mohamed S Al-Moamary,&nbsp;Riyad Al-Lehebi,&nbsp;Majdy M Idrees,&nbsp;Mohammed O Zeitouni","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_341_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_341_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma control is the main goal of management. Unfortunately, most asthma patients with moderate-severe asthma remain uncontrolled despite receiving standard treatment of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with long-acting β2 agonists (LABA). The addition of long-acting antimuscarinic agents (LAMA) has been shown to improve different aspects of asthma control, including symptoms, lung functions, and probably exacerbations. Such an option could be considered for low-T2 asthma phenotype. Umeclidinium and glycopyrronium bromide are other LAMA agents that have been recently made available in combination with ICS and LABA in single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) devices. Here, we discuss the position of SITT as a new novel therapeutic option in asthma management and its clinical benefits, potential cost saving, and improved compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"17 4","pages":"185-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/be/ATM-17-185.PMC9662080.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40493253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coinfection of pulmonary tuberculosis with other lower respiratory tract infections: A retrospective cross-sectional study.","authors":"Marwh G Aldriwesh,&nbsp;Raghad A Alaqeel,&nbsp;Aisha M Mashraqi,&nbsp;Mutaib M Mashraqi,&nbsp;Bayan A Albdah,&nbsp;Azzah S Alharbi","doi":"10.4103/atm.atm_200_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_200_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little attention has been given to the development of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) during their anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) treatment and how that might affect patients' health status. Here, the prevalence and etiologies of other LRTIs in a cohort of PTB patients were determined, and the clinical features and outcomes were described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients with PTB between 2015 and 2020 were recruited and monitored during their anti-TB treatment for the presence of LRTIs. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients' medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 76 PTB patients (57 [75%] males) were reviewed. The median age was 61.0 (interquartile range 83.5-35.5) years, and other LRTIs were detected in 45 (59.2%) PTB patients. Of the 126 episodes of LRTIs, 84 (66.7%) were due to bacterial infections, 37 (29.4%) were due to fungal infections, and 5 (3.9%) were due to viral infections. The development of LRTIs was significantly more common in older (<i>P</i> = 0.012) and hypertensive patients with PTB (<i>P</i> = 0.019). Patients with PTB and LRTIs experienced significantly more frequent extrapulmonary infections (<i>P</i> = 0.0004), bloodstream infections (<i>P</i> = 0.001), intensive care unit stays (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and invasive mechanical ventilation use (<i>P</i> = 0.03) than patients who did not develop LRTI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The identification of host-related risk factors for LRTI development among patients with PTB could be used to develop a prediction model for LRTI development. Hence, initiating antimicrobials early, in parallel with appropriate anti-TB treatment, may mitigate PTB-related health and economic consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50760,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","volume":"17 4","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/9b/ATM-17-229.PMC9662083.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40493254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}