Horticulturae最新文献

{"title":"Development of a UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Phytohormone Quantification and Tissue-Dependent Distribution in Loquat","authors":"Chongbin Zhao, Se Yin, Xianghui Yang, Ze Peng, Jing Xu","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12081011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12081011","url":null,"abstract":"Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), an economically important evergreen fruit tree, exhibits an unusual reproductive cycle characterized by autumn–winter flowering and spring fruit maturation. However, the endogenous hormonal basis underlying this distinctive developmental pattern remains poorly understood, partly due to the lack of reliable multi-hormone analytical platforms for complex perennial fruit tissues. In this study, we established a robust targeted UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 11 endogenous phytohormones and related metabolites, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7), and cytokinins (tZR, iPR, DHZ, iP, and zeatin). Sample preparation and chromatographic conditions were systematically optimized to improve extraction efficiency, to reduce matrix interference, and to maximize detection sensitivity. The method exhibited high linearity (R2 > 0.990), satisfactory recoveries (80.02–120.09%), low limits of detection, and high repeatability. Application of this platform to eight different loquat tissues revealed pronounced tissue-specific patterns of phytohormone distribution. Seeds contained exceptionally high levels of GA3 and zeatin, whereas stamens exhibited marked enrichment of IAA. Mature leaves showed relatively high ABA levels, whereas fruit flesh retained substantial cytokinin pools. These findings provide a reliable analytical workflow for phytohormone quantification in perennial fruit crops and establish a foundational dataset of tissue-specific hormone distribution in loquat, which may serve as a valuable reference for future studies on reproductive development and horticultural trait improvement.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 8","pages":"1011-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent Effects of Distinct SlCRTISO Alleles on Phenolic Content, Fruit Size, and Transcriptomic Profiles in Tangerine Tomatoes","authors":"Anran Xu, Lingxia Zhao","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12080982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12080982","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids are essential nutritional compounds in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and mutations in carotenoid biosynthesis genes can alter both fruit color and other quality traits. Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) converts prolycopene to all-trans-lycopene; its mutation results in the orange-fruited tangerine mutant characterized by prolycopene accumulation. However, the broader impacts of distinct SlCRTISO mutations on fruit quality traits and agronomic performance remain largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated agronomic traits and nutritional quality in two tangerine mutants carrying distinct SlCRTISO alleles. The yellow/orange-fruited tomato 5 (yft5) mutant, which harbors a single point mutation in SlCRTISO, exhibited lower flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and prolycopene than the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutants, but maintained fruit size and weight comparable to wild type, whereas knockout lines showed severely reduced fruit size, highlighting the potential agronomic advantage of yft5. Pearson correlation analysis revealed negative associations between abscisic acid (ABA) levels and rutin, chlorogenic acid, as well as the prolycopene-to-lycopene ratio during fruit ripening. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that knockout mutations more profoundly affected primary metabolism than the yft5 point mutation. Notably, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), a gene involved in ABA biosynthesis, was specifically upregulated in yft5 fruits at the mature green stage (38 days post-anthesis (dpa)), consistent with ABA levels. Quality-related genes including chalcone synthase (CHS), citrate synthase (CS), and invertase (INV) were significantly upregulated in knockout lines during ripening. These findings reveal a trade-off between phenolic content and fruit size in tangerine tomatoes carrying distinct SlCRTISO alleles, positioning yft5 as a valuable genetic resource for breeding high-quality varieties.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 8","pages":"982-982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/12/8/982/pdf?version=1786028744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin Promotes Post-Harvest Preservation of Cut Roses ‘Corolla’ by Facilitating the Production of Hydrogen Sulfide","authors":"Jiawei Tian, Zesheng Liu, Caiting An, Rong Cui, Li Zhu, Chunlei Wang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12070817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12070817","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the applications of melatonin (MT) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have both been proven to improve the post-harvest preservation of horticultural products. However, the specific regulatory mechanism between them in cut flower preservation remains unclear. Here, we conducted research on the combined effect of MT and H2S during the senescence of cut roses ‘Corolla’, as well as the relationship between endogenous H2S production and MT. We found that the cut roses treated with MT + H2S exhibited the longest vase life, the largest flower diameter, and the highest increase of fresh weight compared with those under MT or H2S treatment alone. We have found that both MT and H2S can inhibit the contents of the ethylene precursor ACC and the key enzymes ACS and ACO involved in ethylene synthesis in cut roses. Further investigation revealed that the application of hypotaurine (HT), a specific chemical scavenger of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), compromised the preservation of cut roses. In the combined treatment with HT and melatonin (MT), elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with reduced antioxidant enzyme activities and downregulated expression of associated genes, were observed. However, the combined treatment still demonstrated a superior preservative effect relative to the HT treatment alone. Conversely, MT treatment individually enhanced endogenous H2S production and upregulated the transcript levels of the H2S biosynthesis genes RhLCD and RhDCD in petal tissues. These results substantiate that MT extends the postharvest longevity of cut roses by stimulating H2S synthesis, thus counteracting oxidative damage.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 7","pages":"817-817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/12/7/817/pdf?version=1783073343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdNAC17 Enhances Saline–Alkali Tolerance in Apple by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Removal","authors":"Wenqing Liu, Xulin Xian, Z X Zhang, X X Li, Yanxiu Wang, Xumei Jia","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12060755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12060755","url":null,"abstract":"Saline–alkali stress is a widespread adversity that severely affects plant growth and productivity. Plant-specific NAC transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in various pathways associated with stress responses. However, the function of NAC proteins in conferring tolerance to abiotic stress, along with the underlying mechanisms in apple (Malus domestica), remains incompletely understood. In this study, we identified MdNAC17 from the transcriptome of apple leaves under saline–alkali stress. The overexpression of MdNAC17 in apple calli tissue and Malus hupehensis roots significantly improved resistance to saline–alkali stress by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Transgenic apple plants exhibited higher photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as less membrane damage. In contrast, silencing MdNAC17 using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology resulted in the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, MdNAC17 is associated with changes in the transcriptional levels of genes involved in Na+/K+ homeostasis. Overall, our results demonstrate that MdNAC17 positively regulates saline–alkali tolerance in apple.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 6","pages":"755-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diallyl Trisulfide Controls Postharvest Gray Mold and Maintains Tomato Fruit Quality via Direct Antifungal Activity and Host Defense Activation","authors":"Jie Li, Xiuli Zhang, Lin Liu, Guoqin Huang, Haijin Cai, Jieru Chen, Fangjie Xiong, Li X, Yongfei Jian, Shun Feng","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12060703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12060703","url":null,"abstract":"Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a volatile natural sulfur-containing compound derived from garlic, possesses antifungal and preservative potential. However, its biocontrol efficacy against postharvest gray mold of tomato and the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit quality maintenance remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the inhibitory effect of DATS fumigation on postharvest gray mold, its role in fruit quality maintenance, and the associated molecular mechanisms through in vitro antifungal assays, physiological and biochemical measurements, transcriptome sequencing, and correlation analysis. In vitro experiments showed that DATS at 50 μL L−1 completely inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea in a concentration-dependent manner, and disrupted spore membrane integrity (FDA-positive spores dropped from 73.4% to 2.9% at 50 μL L−1). In vivo experiments demonstrated that Bc + DATS treatment completely inhibited lesion development compared to the control Bc, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase (e.g., CAT activity 2.20-fold higher than Bc on day 3), decreased malondialdehyde accumulation (0.65-fold of Bc on day 4), and delayed the declines in total soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble sugars and vitamin C content (VC content 4.14-fold higher than Bc on day 4). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that DATS treatment up-regulated genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and phenylalanine metabolism, while down-regulating core MAPK kinases and histidine decarboxylase. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between the expression of these pathway genes and antioxidant enzyme activities, vitamin C content, and lesion diameter. Collectively, DATS achieves effective control of postharvest gray mold and maintenance of fruit quality in tomato through direct antifungal activity, synergistic activation of hormone/MAPK signaling, reprogramming of phenylalanine metabolism, and modulation of membrane lipid homeostasis. This study provides a theoretical and practical basis for developing DATS as a green postharvest preservative to reduce food loss and ensure food safety.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 6","pages":"703-703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Analysis of Citrus Molecular Responses to CLas: Towards Mechanistic Understanding","authors":"王玉昌, Haoran Ji, Along Qiu, Yimin Du, Ruimin Li","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12050629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12050629","url":null,"abstract":"Huanglongbing (HLB), primarily caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), threatens global citrus production. Deciphering the molecular interplay between citrus and CLas is crucial for successful control. This review synthesizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying citrus-CLas interactions, providing a comprehensive overview that spans immune signaling, hormonal and metabolic reprogramming, non-coding RNA-mediated regulation, pathogen effector biology, and emerging biotechnological interventions. We detail the hierarchical host response: initial immune recognition via pattern recognition receptors, triggering reactive oxygen species bursts and calcium signaling. Moreover, hormonal network reprogramming and their complex interplay in defense/susceptibility are examined. Transcriptomic studies have revealed key features of metabolic reprogramming, including suppression of photosynthesis and impairment of phloem function. Additionally, long-term strategies like cell wall reinforcement, accumulation of defensive compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids, and roles of post-transcriptional regulation of microRNAs are discussed. Conversely, CLas counter-defense, notably effector-mediated immunity suppression and host metabolism manipulation, is also considered. Comparative transcriptomics between tolerant and susceptible varieties identifies tolerance or resistance genes/pathways for breeding and engineering. Despite this progress, critical knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding the precise molecular mechanisms of CLas immune evasion and effector-mediated suppression, the genetic basis of natural tolerance, and the field-level efficacy of defense priming strategies. Future research directions should integrate single-cell omics, CRISPR/Cas9 editing, nano-enabled delivery, and microbiome engineering to bridge these gaps and accelerate HLB-tolerant/resistant citrus development. This review synthesizes how molecular profiling advances understanding of citrus defense mechanisms against HLB, and underscores the imperative for interdisciplinary research and global collaboration.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 5","pages":"629-629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Stage-Specific Red-to-White Light Ratios on the Growth and Nutritional Properties of Pak Choi","authors":"Xiangyu Wang, Shijun Zhu, Jun Ju, Minggui Zhang, Youzhi Hu, Xiaolong Yang, Jiali Song, Houcheng Liu","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12050618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12050618","url":null,"abstract":"In plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs), spectral regulation serves as the predominant factor governing plant growth and development. The implementation of red-enriched spectral regimens during cultivation promotes biomass accumulation, whereas blue-dominant spectra enhance the biosynthesis of phytochemicals and nutritional compounds in plants. Nevertheless, systematic investigations into the effects of staged spectral regimens on both plant development and secondary metabolite biosynthesis remain limited. This study evaluated four distinct stage-specific dynamic lighting regimens (T1–T4) under a constant total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1. The treatments utilized three distinct red-to-white photon flux ratios (R:W = 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) administered sequentially during critical developmental phases of Pak choi: the seedling stage, the early growth stage (15 days after transplanting, DAT), and the late growth stage (16–30 DAT). The effects of these treatments on biomass production, morphological development, photosynthetic pigments, nutritional metabolites, antioxidant levels and radical quenching capacity were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the T4 treatment significantly enhanced biomass production, increasing shoot fresh weight by 51.3% compared to the T1 treatment at the late growth stage. The application of a higher red-light proportion (HR, R:W = 3:1) during the seedling stage significantly increased leaf area by 70% compared to the low red-light treatment (LR, R:W = 1:3). Regarding nutritional quality, while carotenoid content showed no significant differences among treatments, higher blue-light proportions selectively stimulated the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, vitamin C, and soluble proteins. Specifically, the T3 treatment enhanced certain traits during the early growth stage, whereas the T2 treatment best maintained specific antioxidant capacities (FRAP and flavonoids) at the late growth stage prior to harvest. Notably, nitrate levels were not significantly affected by the spectral shifts. This study establishes that the temporal modulation of red-to-white spectral ratios enables the targeted optimization of either crop yield (T4) or specific harvest-stage nutritional attributes (T2) in Pak choi.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 5","pages":"618-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148305731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal Key Genes and Regulatory Network for Early-Stage Defense Against Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Melon","authors":"Dan Zhou, Jianli Shang, L. Lu, Jianfei Song, Nannan Li, Shuangwu Ma, Na Li","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12030362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12030362","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by Acidovorax citrulli (Aac), is a devastating bacterial disease to the melon industry. The scarcity of resistant germplasms has hindered in-depth research into its resistance mechanisms. In this study, we combined comparative transcriptomics, physiological assays, and hormonal profiling to explore the defense mechanisms of resistant (ZT145) and susceptible (ZT146) melon germplasms. The results indicated that resistant plants rapidly initiated a coordinated defense mechanism within 12 h after inoculation. This was characterized by an induced increase in salicylic acid (SA), activation of core immune pathways (plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, etc.), and upregulation of phenylpropanoids and other biosynthetic processes. In contrast, susceptible plants exhibited a delayed and less coordinated response, characterized by SA inhibition, a surge in jasmonic acid (JA), and the broad but non-coordinated activation of multiple pathways, ultimately leading to physiological dysregulation. Through comparative analysis, we identified nine key genes that were early responders to pathogen challenge, as well as 21 genes that might be responsible for maintaining resistance. Our findings suggest that the resistance of melon to BFB is determined not by the abundance of defense-related genes but rather by the plant’s ability to rapidly activate a coordinated, SA-dominated defense network during early infection. This study provides an integrative theoretical framework for deciphering the molecular and physiological mechanisms against bacterial diseases in melon.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 3","pages":"362-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/12/3/362/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burdock Fructooligosaccharide Improves Peel Browning in Green Banana Through Its Regulation of Antioxidant and Chlorophyll Metabolism","authors":"Jianli Yan, Handong Zhao, Yufeng Sun, Wensheng Gao, Zhixiang Xu, Jinwang Li, Fengjun Guo, Wenxiao Jiao","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12030316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12030316","url":null,"abstract":"The study first demonstrated that burdock fructooligosaccharide (BFO) could inhibit peel browning in green banana, with 0.5% BFO treatment showing the most significant suppression of peel browning during low-temperature storage (7 ± 1 °C). The results revealed that 0.5% BFO treatment effectively restrained the increase in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and maintained cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, BFO treatment enhanced total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, alleviated oxidative damage, and better preserved the external quality of banana peel. Simultaneously, BFO treatment markedly inhibited both the activities of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes and their relative gene expression levels in banana peel, thereby maintaining higher chlorophyll content. This research provided a new insight into the mechanism of inhibiting peel browning for low-temperature storage preservation of banana.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 3","pages":"316-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening the Optimal Concentration and Timing of Paclobutrazol for the Growth and Development of Container-Grown Blueberries","authors":"Lei Yang, Liming Yan, Fanfan Chen, Xin Jiang, Jiaping Yu, Haiyue Sun, Li Chen, Hongzhou Jiang, Yadong Li","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae12030295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12030295","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 3","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}