Concentration-Dependent Effects of Foliar ZnO Nanoparticles on Growth and Nutrient Use in Young Crabapple Plants

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI:10.3390/horticulturae11121535

Qi Zhao, Meimei Qin, Suixia Lang, Mengyao Qin, Lizhi Liu, Qian Li, Dehui Zhang, Lei Li

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Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered increasing attention in agriculture due to their potential to enhance plant growth and nutrient use. This research investigates the concentration-dependent effects of ZnO NPs on young crabapple (Malus robusta) plants, addressing gaps in understanding how different concentrations influence plant development. A hydroponic experiment was conducted, applying foliar treatments of 200 mg L−1 ZnSO4 (S200) and 200, 500, and 1000 mg L−1 ZnO NPs (N200, N500, N100). The control group (CK) was treated with deionized water (dH2O). Growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and nutrient contents were measured to evaluate the impact of ZnO NPs on plant development and nutrient uptake. The results showed that N200 enhanced growth, increasing plant height by 22.64%, total dry weight by 49.36%, and root length by 116.07%. In contrast, N500 and N1000 induced oxidative stress, elevating H2O2 and MDA by 32.02~54.43% and inhibiting growth. N200 also improved nutrient uptake, increasing K, Ca, Fe, and Zn uptake fluxes by 84.92%, 112.12%, 185.15%, and 149.92%, respectively, whereas N1000 suppressed overall nutrient uptake but increased root Ca accumulation by 64.59%. These findings suggest that ZnO NPs can enhance plant growth and nutrient utilization at low concentrations, with potential implications for agricultural practices involving nanoparticle (NP)-based fertilizers.

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纳米氧化锌对海棠幼苗生长和养分利用的浓度依赖性影响

氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）由于具有促进植物生长和养分利用的潜力，在农业领域受到越来越多的关注。本研究探讨了氧化锌NPs对海棠幼苗的浓度依赖性，解决了不同浓度对植物发育影响的理解空白。进行水培试验，叶面分别施用200 mg L - 1 ZnSO4 （S200）和200、500、1000 mg L - 1 ZnO NPs （N200、N500、N100）。对照组（CK）用去离子水（dH2O）处理。通过测定生长参数、抗氧化酶活性和养分含量来评价氧化锌NPs对植物发育和养分吸收的影响。结果表明，N200处理能促进植株生长，株高提高22.64%，总干重提高49.36%，根长提高116.07%。相反，N500和N1000诱导氧化应激，H2O2和MDA升高32.02~54.43%，抑制生长。N200提高了植株的养分吸收，K、Ca、Fe和Zn的吸收通量分别提高了84.92%、112.12%、185.15%和149.92%，而N1000抑制了植株的总体养分吸收，但提高了根系Ca积累量64.59%。这些研究结果表明，低浓度ZnO纳米颗粒可以促进植物生长和养分利用，对纳米颗粒（NP）基肥料的农业实践具有潜在的指导意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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