Horticulturae最新文献_第2页

Influence of Phenylacetic Acid and Its Derivatives on Callus Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis in Litchi chinensis 苯乙酸及其衍生物对荔枝愈伤组织增殖和体细胞胚胎发生的影响

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11101200

Guo Wang, Yaoting Liu, Huanling Li, Lei Zhang, Z. Li, Jiabao Wang

{"title":"Influence of Phenylacetic Acid and Its Derivatives on Callus Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis in Litchi chinensis","authors":"Guo Wang, Yaoting Liu, Huanling Li, Lei Zhang, Z. Li, Jiabao Wang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11101200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11101200","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of in vitro regeneration in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is highly influenced by the type and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), particularly auxins. This study evaluated the effects of phenylacetic acid (PAA) and its derivatives—4-chlorophenylacetic acid (CPA) and 4-iodophenylacetic acid (IPA)—on callus proliferation, somatic embryogenesis, and plantlet regeneration in ‘Feizixiao’ litchi, as well as to establish an efficient regeneration protocol. The inclusion of CPA or IPA in callus proliferation medium significantly enhanced the proliferation rate, with 20 mg·L−1 CPA being the most effective. The highest number of somatic embryos per gram of fresh embryonic callus weight (gFW−1) (1131 embryos·gFW−1) was observed with 40 mg·L−1 PAA in proliferation medium. The addition of 10 mg·L−1 IPA to the proliferation medium yielded the highest plantlet regeneration rate (50 plantlets·gFW−1). Supplementing the somatic embryo induction medium with 5 mg·L−1 PAA resulted in 460 somatic embryos·gFW−1 and 86 regenerated plantlets·gFW−1. These findings indicate that PAA and its derivatives are effective PGRs for the in vitro regeneration of litchi, providing a valuable protocol for the propagation of elite cultivars.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 10","pages":"1200-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/10/1200/pdf?version=1759495215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-Driven Optimization of Substrate Composition for Lettuce in Soilless Cultivation 生菜无土栽培基质组成的数据驱动优化

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11101153

Ziran Ye, Lifang Deng, Mengdi Dai, Yu Luo, Dedong Kong, Xiangfeng Tan

{"title":"Data-Driven Optimization of Substrate Composition for Lettuce in Soilless Cultivation","authors":"Ziran Ye, Lifang Deng, Mengdi Dai, Yu Luo, Dedong Kong, Xiangfeng Tan","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11101153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11101153","url":null,"abstract":"Soilless cultivation has emerged as a sustainable solution for modern agriculture, yet substrate formulation is still often guided by empirical approaches, limiting efficiency and reproducibility. To address this gap, we established a data-driven framework for optimizing substrate composition in garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation. Using a randomized design, 200 substrate formulations were prepared from peat, vermiculite, and perlite, and their effects on plant growth were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions. Peat content reduced substrate porosity and water-holding capacity, whereas vermiculite increased both properties (linear regression, p < 0.05). Substrate formulations profoundly affected plant biomass, and the peat content was identified as a key predictor. Two rounds of substrate optimization resulted in a significant increase in shoot and root biomass and chlorophyll content, with increases of 57.5% (p = 9.2 × 10−8), 89.8% (p = 8.24 × 10−10), and 43.3% (p < 2 × 10−16), respectively, compared with the initial trial. Additionally, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and RGB imaging were employed for growth monitoring. Random forest machine-learning method identified several red-edge indices (NDVI705, mNDVI705, mSR705) as highly responsive predictors of substrate formulations, highlighting the potential of imaging traits as proxies for substrate optimization. This study provides a reproducible pathway for improving soilless substrate formulations, contributing to data-informed substrate design and advancing the practice of precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 10","pages":"1153-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/10/1153/pdf?version=1758796911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tree Peony as an Efficient Organic Selenium Bioreactor: Selenium Uptake, Accumulation, Speciation, and Nutritional Enhancement via Foliar Sodium Selenite Application 牡丹作为高效有机硒生物反应器：叶面亚硒酸钠对硒的吸收、积累、形态形成和营养增强

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11091112

Kun Hu, Zhou Wen-bin, Shiqi Li, Shuaiying Shi, Manman Shi, Shuangcheng Gao, Guoan Shi

{"title":"Tree Peony as an Efficient Organic Selenium Bioreactor: Selenium Uptake, Accumulation, Speciation, and Nutritional Enhancement via Foliar Sodium Selenite Application","authors":"Kun Hu, Zhou Wen-bin, Shiqi Li, Shuaiying Shi, Manman Shi, Shuangcheng Gao, Guoan Shi","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11091112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11091112","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health, yet its deficiency remains prevalent worldwide. Biofortification through foliar Se application is an effective strategy to enhance Se levels in crops. Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ is a multifunctional woody plant with potential for Se enrichment, though its Se uptake and transformation mechanisms remain unclear. This study systematically investigated the effects of foliar-applied Na2SeO3 (0–200 mg L−1) on Se uptake, accumulation, speciation, and nutritional quality in tree peony. Results showed that Se uptake increased with higher Na2SeO3 concentrations, displaying a clear dose-dependent pattern across all organs. Se accumulation significantly enhanced, with a pronounced shift in distribution towards above-ground organs under experimental conditions. Notably, tree peony exhibited strong biotransformation capacity, converting over 73% of Se in leaves and over 81% in seeds into organic forms, primarily SeCys2 and SeMet, with minor MeSeCys. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that 100 mg L−1 Na2SeO3 yielded optimal results, significantly enhancing leaf and seed biomass, increasing seed nutrient contents (soluble proteins, sugars, phenolics), and improving the unsaturated fatty acid profile of seed oil. These findings highlight tree peony’s potential as an efficient bioreactor for organic Se and provide a theoretical foundation for developing Se-enriched products from tree peony.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 9","pages":"1112-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/9/1112/pdf?version=1757761594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chemical Profiling of Monoterpenes and Genome-Wide Discovery of Monoterpene Synthases in Artemisia annua 黄花蒿单萜类化合物的化学分析及单萜类合成酶的全基因组发现

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11091083

Wuke Wei, Xinyue Lin, Zijian Le, Mengxue Wang, X. M. Qin, Lingjiang Zeng, Qian Yan, Guoping Shu, Min Chen, Xiaozhong Lan, Bangjun Wang, Zhihua Liao, Yong Hou, Jingxin Mao, Fangyuan Zhang

{"title":"Chemical Profiling of Monoterpenes and Genome-Wide Discovery of Monoterpene Synthases in Artemisia annua","authors":"Wuke Wei, Xinyue Lin, Zijian Le, Mengxue Wang, X. M. Qin, Lingjiang Zeng, Qian Yan, Guoping Shu, Min Chen, Xiaozhong Lan, Bangjun Wang, Zhihua Liao, Yong Hou, Jingxin Mao, Fangyuan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11091083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11091083","url":null,"abstract":"Monoterpenoids serve as essential components of plant essential oils and play significant roles in plant growth, development, and insect resistance. Artemisia annua, an important medicinal plant, produces abundant terpenoids. While previous research on A. annua has predominantly focused on artemisinin biosynthesis and its regulation, studies on other terpenoids in this plant have significantly lagged behind. To comprehensively investigate monoterpene biosynthesis in A. annua, we analyzed monoterpenes across its different tissues using optimized extraction and chromatographic conditions developed to enhance sensitivity and resolution in our GC-MS-based analytical method. In A. annua, 31 monoterpenoid compounds were identified. Subsequently, eight candidate monoterpene synthases (mTPS) were characterized in Escherichia coli, confirming their catalytic activity in converting geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) into distinct monoterpene products. Subcellular localization revealed these TPSs in chloroplasts, consistent with the widely reported chloroplast localization of TPS enzymes. These enzymes were functionally defined as monoterpenoid synthases, collectively responsible for synthesizing 18 monoterpenoid metabolites. Notably, AaTPS13, AaTPS19, and AaTPS20 exhibited substantial product promiscuity. Critically, the AaTPS19 was identified as the first known terpene synthase producing 2-pinanol. These findings systematically elucidate the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids in A. annua and provide key enzymatic elements for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications in monoterpenoid production.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 9","pages":"1083-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/9/1083/pdf?version=1757381960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Influence of Chlorella sorokiniana and Plant Growth Regulators During the Micropropagation of Callicarpa peichieniana 小球藻和植物生长调节剂对小圆柏微繁的影响

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11091016

Yiteng Zhang, Meng Guo, Jinfeng Xu, Yuping Xiong, Junyu Liu, Guohua Ma, Songjun Zeng, Kunlin Wu, Lin Fang

{"title":"Influence of Chlorella sorokiniana and Plant Growth Regulators During the Micropropagation of Callicarpa peichieniana","authors":"Yiteng Zhang, Meng Guo, Jinfeng Xu, Yuping Xiong, Junyu Liu, Guohua Ma, Songjun Zeng, Kunlin Wu, Lin Fang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11091016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11091016","url":null,"abstract":"Callicarpa peichieniana is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant with pharmacological benefits for digestive system diseases and wounds, as well as high ornamental value. The goal of this study is to establish an effective in vitro regeneration system in order to satisfy the expanding market demand. Extracts from algae can enhance the proliferation and rooting effect of adventitious buds and can improve the survival rate of transplantation. This study developed an in vitro regeneration system using apical bud explants of C. peichieniana associated with Chlorella sorokiniana (an alga species). Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers confirmed the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plantlets. The highest number of adventitious buds (5.00 buds) was induced from the apical buds with 0.5 mg/L 6-BA in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and the highest proliferation coefficient (5.83) was achieved with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA. A rooting rate of 100% was achieved by using 0.1 mg/L NAA, MS with 50% macroelements, and 20 g/L sucrose, averaging 6.36 roots per explant and a root length of 1.32 cm. In all micropropagation stages, C. sorokiniana coexisted and proliferated alongside C. peichieniana materials. ISSR showed that the genetic fidelity of C. peichieniana regenerated plants was 95.45%. Coconut coir/perlite = 1∶1 (v/v) was identified as the optimal transplantation substrate, achieving a 100% survival rate. The “C. peichieniana–C. sorokiniana association” in vitro regeneration system established in this study not only enables the mass production of high-quality regenerated plantlets but provides new ideas and demonstrations for culturing multiple species in the same in vitro system.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 9","pages":"1016-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/9/1016/pdf?version=1756304256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phytotoxic Effects of Bisphenol A on Growth and Physiology of Capsicum annuum L. 双酚A对辣椒生长和生理的植物毒性影响。

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11070788

Zilin Zhang, Lü Rong, Lei Li, Yishui Chen, Lan Jin, Rongrong Chen, Yong Zhou, Huibin Han

{"title":"Phytotoxic Effects of Bisphenol A on Growth and Physiology of Capsicum annuum L.","authors":"Zilin Zhang, Lü Rong, Lei Li, Yishui Chen, Lan Jin, Rongrong Chen, Yong Zhou, Huibin Han","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11070788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11070788","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used chemical to produce raw materials in plastic production, which has led to its ubiquity in the natural environment and toxicity to both plants and humans. In this study, we evaluated the phytotoxic effects of BPA on the growth and physiology of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), a globally cultivated horticultural plant. Our high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) result revealed that 0.5 mg/kg of BPA treatment did not lead to the accumulation of BPA in the leaves and fruits of pepper plants. The exogenous application of 5 mg/kg of BPA prominently inhibited pepper growth, while 0.5 mg/kg of BPA had no obvious effects on pepper growth. Additionally, our transcriptomic assay revealed that BPA-regulated gene expression is associated with photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Physiological and qRT-PCR assays further demonstrated that BPA reduced chlorophyll content and increased ROS levels by regulating the expression of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis and ROS production. Our transcriptomic data also elucidated the potential role of plant hormones, including brassinolides (BR), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and strigolactone (SL) in mediating BPA-induced phytotoxicity. Furthermore, BPA activated the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification to exert its toxicity. Collectively, our findings offer additional insights into the mechanisms through which BPA attenuates pepper plant growth, which might contribute new knowledge toward a better scientific assessment of BPA exposure risks in horticultural species.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 7","pages":"788-788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/788/pdf?version=1751543745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

bHLH291 Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Kiwifruit Under Bagging Treatment 套袋处理下bHLH291对猕猴桃花青素积累的调控作用

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11060666

X. L. Kang, Ke-Yu Zhang, Meiyan Tu, Yin X, Wen‐qiu Wang

{"title":"bHLH291 Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Kiwifruit Under Bagging Treatment","authors":"X. L. Kang, Ke-Yu Zhang, Meiyan Tu, Yin X, Wen‐qiu Wang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11060666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060666","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins, as natural pigments belonging to the flavonoid group, play a crucial role in plant reproduction, stress resistance and human fitness. Kiwifruit, which is rich in anthocyanins, demonstrates significant potential for promoting health benefits. Although light is widely recognized as an inducer of anthocyanin accumulation, we observed that kiwifruit accumulates more anthocyanin after bagging treatment. This unexpected finding suggests that anthocyanin biosynthesis in kiwifruit may also be regulated by other environmental or physiological factors influenced by bagging, such as humidity, temperature, or gas exchange. This implies that bagging may trigger specific regulatory pathways that promote anthocyanin accumulation through multiple environmental cues beyond light. Therefore, RNA-seq was performed to find the potential pathway. A total of 260 differentially expressed genes were found, including 8 transcription factors and 1 anthocyanin biosynthesis gene F3GT1 (glucosyltransferase). Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that bHLH transcription factors could activate the promoter of F3GT1 by 2.45-fold. We infer that bagging treatment increases the kiwifruit anthocyanin content through the bHLH291-F3GT1 pathway. This study not only highlights the potential agricultural applications and commercial value of bagging treatment but also provides new theoretical support for improving fruit coloration and optimizing breeding strategies.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 6","pages":"666-666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/666/pdf?version=1749691763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome-Wide Identification of CaGA20ox Gene Family Members Related to Floral Organ Development in Pepper (Capsicum annuum) at Different Temperatures 不同温度下辣椒花器官发育相关基因CaGA20ox家族成员的全基因组鉴定

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11050469

Yin Luo, Jin Wang, Chunyuan Ren, Yaqian Chen, Shimei Yang, Qinbiao Yin, Meiqi Wang, Xiao-Yan Sui, Hao Tian, Feng Liu, Xuexiao Zou

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of CaGA20ox Gene Family Members Related to Floral Organ Development in Pepper (Capsicum annuum) at Different Temperatures","authors":"Yin Luo, Jin Wang, Chunyuan Ren, Yaqian Chen, Shimei Yang, Qinbiao Yin, Meiqi Wang, Xiao-Yan Sui, Hao Tian, Feng Liu, Xuexiao Zou","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11050469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11050469","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental temperature significantly affects plant growth and development, particularly flower development. In pepper (Capsicum annuum), the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-mediated floral organ development remain unclear. Gibberellins (GAs) are key plant hormones regulating growth and development, including flower development, and the CaGA20ox gene family may play a crucial role in this process due to its involvement in GA biosynthesis. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the CaGA20ox gene family across six pepper genomes (‘Zhangshugang’, ‘Zunla’, ‘Chiltepin’, ‘CM334’, ‘Ca59’, and ‘T2T’) to explore their roles in flower development and temperature stress response, identifying five to six genes per genome. These genes exhibited distinct expression patterns across different tissues and developmental stages, with some members showing higher expression in specific floral organs, particularly pistils. Our results revealed that temperature significantly impacts pepper flower development and GA content, with lower temperatures enhancing antioxidant capacity and increasing GA levels. Specifically, the expression levels of four CazGA20ox genes (CazGA20ox1, CazGA20ox2, CazGA20ox4, and CazGA20ox6) were significantly influenced by temperature changes. Our systematic analysis of the role of the CaGA20ox gene family in temperature-mediated pepper flower development provides a foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms as well as the development of improved pepper varieties.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 5","pages":"469-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/469/pdf?version=1745741821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Coordinated Regulation of Iron-Acquisition Genes and Citrate Biosynthesis Drives Seasonal Iron Deficiency Adaptation in ‘Yali’ Pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) 铁获取基因和柠檬酸盐生物合成的协调调节驱动‘ Yali ’梨（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.）季节性缺铁适应

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11050460

Shuilin Liu, Ming Zhang, Huiying Wang, Yue Xu, Chao Wen, Jianguang Zhang, Yuxing Zhang, Haiyan Shi

{"title":"Coordinated Regulation of Iron-Acquisition Genes and Citrate Biosynthesis Drives Seasonal Iron Deficiency Adaptation in ‘Yali’ Pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)","authors":"Shuilin Liu, Ming Zhang, Huiying Wang, Yue Xu, Chao Wen, Jianguang Zhang, Yuxing Zhang, Haiyan Shi","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11050460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11050460","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deficiency chlorosis severely limits the productivity of ‘Yali’ pears in alkaline soils. This study systematically investigated the physiological and molecular responses of ‘Yali’ pears to varying degrees of iron deficiency, focusing on the roles of PbFRO2 (Pyrus bretschneideri Ferric Reductase Oxidase 2), PbIRT1 (Pyrus bretschneideri Iron-Regulated Transporter 1), and PbCS2 (Pyrus bretschneideri Citrate Synthase 2) in iron uptake and homeostasis. Based on field observations, pear trees were categorized into normal, moderately chlorotic, and severely chlorotic groups. Results demonstrated that moderate iron deficiency upregulated PbFRO2 (2.86–7.09-fold), enhanced root ferric reductase (FCR) activity, and promoted Fe3+ reduction and Fe2+ transport. In contrast, severe deficiency suppressed the expression of these genes and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Leaf citrate content significantly increased with chlorosis severity, while root citrate content exhibited seasonal fluctuations, peaking in July. Multivariate analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) revealed distinct physiological clustering: normal and moderately chlorotic groups overlapped, whereas the severely chlorotic group formed a separate cluster, reflecting a transition from compensatory activation to metabolic collapse. PbFRO2 emerged as a central regulator, driving root iron storage in spring and redistribution in summer. These findings elucidate a biphasic adaptation strategy, where moderate deficiency triggers gene-mediated iron mobilization, whereas severe stress disrupts homeostasis. This study provides critical insights into iron metabolism dynamics and proposes PbFRO2 as a molecular target for breeding iron-efficient pear cultivars.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 5","pages":"460-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/5/460/pdf?version=1745573935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of Tea Tree Oil Microcapsules and Their Effects on Strawberry Preservation During Storage 茶树油微胶囊的制备及其对草莓贮藏保鲜的影响

Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae11040389

Yanli Han, C.B. CHEN, Yunfeng Wu, Yu-Meng Yan, Meng-Ying Wang, Yang Xiang, Dayong Wei, Zhi-Hang Hu, Jing Zhuang, Ai‐Sheng Xiong, Yuanhua Wang

{"title":"Preparation of Tea Tree Oil Microcapsules and Their Effects on Strawberry Preservation During Storage","authors":"Yanli Han, C.B. CHEN, Yunfeng Wu, Yu-Meng Yan, Meng-Ying Wang, Yang Xiang, Dayong Wei, Zhi-Hang Hu, Jing Zhuang, Ai‐Sheng Xiong, Yuanhua Wang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae11040389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11040389","url":null,"abstract":"This study used an embedding technique to prepare microcapsules with tea tree oil as the core material and a composite of β-cyclodextrin and nano-montmorillonite as the wall material. The prepared microcapsules were analyzed for their morphological characteristics, thermal stability, and major components. Additionally, the microcapsules’ effect on the quality of and active substances contained in refrigerated strawberries was investigated. The results revealed that the optimal preparation conditions for the microcapsules were a montmorillonite addition of 2% (m/v), a core-to-wall ratio of 1:12 (m/m), an encapsulation temperature of 70 °C, and an encapsulation time of 90 min. Under these conditions, the microcapsules achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 77.67%. The capsules emitted a noticeable aroma of tea tree oil, and their primary components, specifically terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, and terpinolene, were consistent with those of tea tree oil. The release rate of the microcapsules at 60 °C and 90 °C was significantly lower than that of liquid tea tree oil (p < 0.05). A suitable treatment with tea tree oil microcapsules preserved the appearance and quality of the strawberries, inhibited spoilage during refrigeration, reduced weight loss, maintained firmness, delayed declines in soluble solid contents and acidity in later storage stages, and enhanced the activity of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. The prepared microcapsules also suppressed increases in anthocyanins and inhibited the further maturation of the stored strawberries. The optimal preservative effect was achieved with the placement of 5.0 g of tea tree oil microcapsules per 1.2 L of storage space.","PeriodicalId":507445,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"11 4","pages":"389-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/389/pdf?version=1744023740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1