МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ最新文献

{"title":"ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ФЛОРАЛЬНОГО СОСТАВА МЕДА МЕТОДАМИ ПАЛИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА И МЕТАБАРКОДИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ДНК","authors":"S.Т. Daugaliyeva, Aida T. Daugaliyeva, S. Peletto, A. Yelubayeva, K.Т. Amirova, А. Kapar, А.I. Abiti","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change on Earth has a significant impact on various populations of living organisms. In recent years, bee populations have been declining in all countries of the world. The main reasons for this phenomenon: the use of chemicals in crop production, urbanization and sowing of vast territories with monocultures, the widespread use of GMO plants, climate change, pathogens and bee diseases. Determining the botanical composition of honey is an urgent task in the study of bee ecology. Data in the form of taxonomic characteristics of the floral composition of honey can be used to develop measures to protect bee populations, determine the medicinal value, improve the quality and production of honey. The traditional approach to studying the plant composition of honey is palynological analysis of pollen based on microscopic examination, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming and requires special palynological knowledge. The development of next-generation sequencing methods has made it possible to use the amplicon metabarcoding method to determine the floral composition of honey at the gene level. The article describes methods for determining the botanical composition of honey using the classical palynological method and using metabarcoding of environmental DNA of honey, and describes their advantages and disadvantages.\u0000 Глобальное изменение климата на Земле оказывает существенное влияние на различные популяции живых организмов. В последние годы во всех странах мира наблюдается уменьшение популяции пчел. Основные причины этого явления: использование химических веществ в растениеводстве, урбанизация и засев монокультурами огромных территорий, широкое распространение ГМО растений, изменение климата, патогены и болезни пчел. Определение ботанического состава меда является актуальной задачей в изучении экологии пчел. Данные, в виде таксономической характеристики флорального состава меда могут быть использованы для разработки мероприятий по охране популяций пчел, определения лечебной ценности, повышения качества и производства меда. Традиционным подходом изучения растительного состава меда является палинологический анализ пыльцы на основе микроскопического исследования, который является трудоемким, требует много времени и специальных палинологических знаний. Развитие методов секвенирования нового поколения позволило использовать метод метабаркодирования ампликонов для определения флорального состава меда на генном уровне. В статье приводится описание методов определения ботанического состава меда классическим палинологическим методом и с помощью метабаркодирования экологической ДНК меда, описаны их преимущества и недостатки.","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"БҰЗАУЛАРДЫҢ ДИСПЕПСИЯСЫ КЕЗІНДЕ ҚОЛДАНЫЛҒАН ФИТОПРЕПАРАТТЫҢ ҚАННЫҢ МОРФОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ БИОХИМИЯЛЫҚ КӨРСЕТКІШТЕРІНЕ ӘСЕРІ","authors":"A. Zhylgeldieva, E. Korabaev, N. Zamanbekov, P. Sobiech, N. Kobdikova, Sh.B. Turzhigitova, M. Baymurzayeva, N. Bayberekov","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Regular consumption of nuts has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system. Studies by many scientists have shown that medicinal substances from these walnuts create conditions for maintaining vascular elasticity, lowering blood pressure and increasing the tone of the heart muscle. The pineal hormone melatonin, which is contained in walnuts, contributes to the adaptation of the body's skin to sunlight, increases mood, and, in addition, normalizes sleep. This article discusses the norm of the digestive system of calves under the influence of phytopreparations,morphostructural features during the pathological process. During the morphological, biochemical and immunobiological studies carried out, data were obtained indicating that there are pathologies in the digestive system of cubs that affect the decrease in animal productivity. Valuable data have been obtained on the therapeutic and preventive effectiveness of phytopreparation tincture used in gastroenteral pathology of the digestive system. Immunological studies have shown that under the influence of a therapeutic drug, the activity of cell elements in immune organs increases. With pathologies of the digestive system in calves, metabolic disorders of protein, a decrease in the indicators of the form elements of blood are revealed. The drug used contributed to the normalization of blood hematological indicators, ensuring a decrease in leukocytes to 8.8x109/L,an increase in erythrocytes by 1.5%, total protein by 3.7%, globulins - by 8.4%.\u0000 Жаңғақты үнемі тұтыну жүрек-қан тамырлары жүйесіне жағымды әсер етеді. Көптеген ғалымдардың зерттеулері көрсеткендей, бұл грек жаңғағынан алынған дәрілік заттар тамырлардың серпімділігін сақтауға, қан қысымын төмендетуге және жүрек бұлшық етінің тонусын арттыруға жағдай жасайды. Жаңғақ құрамындағы эпифиз гормоны мелатонин ағза терісінің күн сәулесіне бейімделуіне, көңіл-күйдің жоғарылауына ықпал етеді, сонымен қатар, ұйқыны қалыпқа келтіреді. Бұл мақалада фитопрепарат әсерінен төлдердің ас қорыту жүйелері нормасы,патологиялық процесс кезіндегі мофологиялық құрылымның ерекшеліктері қарастырылады. Жүргізілген морфологиялық, биохимиялық және иммунобиологиялық зерттеу барысында төлдердің ас қорыту жүйесінде жануарлардың өнімділігінің төмендеуіне әсер ететін патологиялар бар екенін көрсететін мәліметтер, ас қорыту жүйесіндегі гастроэнтеральды патологияда қолданылған фитопрепарат тұнбасының емдік-профилактикалық тиімділігі жайлы құнды деректер алынды. Иммунологиялық зерттеулер көрсеткендей емдік препараттың әсерінен иммундық органдардағы жасуша элементтерінің белсенділігі артатындығы дәлелденді. Бұзаулардағы ас қорыту жүйесінің патологиясы кезінде ақуыздың метаболикалық бұзылулары, қанның формалық элементтері көрсеткіштерінің төмендеуі анықталды. Қолданылған препарат қанның гематологиялық көрсеткіштерінің қалыпқа келуіне ықпал етіп, лейкоциттердің 8,8х109/л дейін төмендеуін, эритроциттердің 1,5%, жалпы ақуыз 3,7%, глобулиндер - 8,4%-ға дейін жоғарылауын қамтамас","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"БАЗИДИОМИЦЕТЫ – ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АГЕНТЫ БИОКОНТРОЛЯ","authors":"K. Mustafin, N. Bisko, Zhanara Suleimenova, A. Zhakipbekova, Zh B. Narmuratova, G. Zhumagalieva, R. Izimova, G. Admanova","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"In agriculture, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly biological products to control plant diseases. In this regard, macromycetes are of great interest because they play an important role in natural ecosystems due to their versatility in nutrition and various interactions with plants. Basidiomycetes are a rich source of various biologically active substances. The secondary metabolites of Basidial fungi have antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant properties. This review is devoted to the potential role of basidiomycetes as a basis for the creation of new promising environmentally friendly phytotoxic and phytostimulating biopreparations to control plant diseases and weeds.\u0000 В сельском хозяйстве существует острая потребность в экологически чистых биопрепаратах для борьбы с болезнями растений. В этoм oтнoшeнии мaкрoмицeты прeдcтaвляют бoльшoй интeрec пocкoльку oни игрaют вaжную рoль в прирoдных экocиcтeмaх блaгoдaря их унивeрcaльнocти в питaнии и рaзнooбрaзнoму взaимoдeйcтвию c рacтeниями. Базидиомицеты являются богатым источником различных биологически активных веществ. Образуемые ими вторичные метаболиты обладают противомикробными, противоопухолевыми и антиоксидантными свойствами. Настоящий обзор посвящен потенциальной роли базидиомицетов в coздaнии нoвых пeрcпeктивных экoлoгичecки чиcтых фитoтoкcичных и фитocтимулирующих прeпaрaтoв рaзличнoгo cпeктрa дeйcтвия, эффeктивных в бoрьбe c бoлeзнями рacтeний рaзличнoй этиoлoгии и coрнякaми.","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ БЕЛКОВОГО ГИДРОЛИЗАТА ИЗ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ ПИВНЫХ ДРОЖЖЕЙ ДЛЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В КАЧЕСТВЕ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ","authors":"G. Kaldybekova, Sh. N. Akhmetsadykova, A. Saparbekova, M. Vinceković","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"The object of study was yeast waste from a brewery located in Shymkent. The amount of waste produced from yeast of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiaecurrently ranks second in beer production. When producing one dal of beer, on average, about 3 kg of residual yeast is formed, which, in modern brewery capacities, results in hundreds of tons of waste per month. This waste has a short shelf life, which is further shortened in summer due to the heat. The problem is compounded by the fact that to meet consumer demand in the summer, manufacturers increase production. The application of spent yeast as animal feed in the form in which it leaves production is complicated by the presence of a bitter taste. In this work, yeast was used up to the 10th generation inclusive, similar to the generation numbers directly in production. During the experiment, the initial bitterness of the yeast, with a value of 84.2 BU, was completely eliminated through treatment with a complex of chemical and physical methods. During the production process up to and including the 3rd generation, the number of surviving cells of the treated yeast was 100-98%, but by the 10th generation this figure dropped to 30%. After treating the residual yeast of 4-10 generations with ultrasound, the activity of the yeast cells completely stops. During the experiment, a protein hydrolyzate was obtained, and data on its physicochemical parameters were obtained. The protein content was 61.5%, including the essential amino acid of lysine 9.3%, and fat content was 2.85%.\u0000 В качестве объекта исследования были использованы отходы дрожжей пивоваренного завода, расположенного в городе Шымкент. Количество производимых отходов из дрожжей вида Saccharomycescerevisiae на сегодняшний день занимают второе место в производстве пива. При производстве одного дала пива, в среднем, образуется около 3 кг остаточных дрожжей, что, при современных мощностях пивоваренных заводов, сотни тонн отходов в месяц. Эти отходы имеют малый срок хранения, который в летний период дополнительно сокращается из-за жары. Проблема усугубляется тем, что для удовлетворения потребительского спроса летом производители наращивают производство. Применение отработанных дрожжей в качестве корма для животных в том виде, в каком они выходят с производства, осложнено наличием у них горького вкуса. В работе использовались дрожжи до 10-й генерации включительно, аналогично номерам генераций непосредственно на производстве. В ходе эксперимента начальную горечь дрожжей, в значении 84,2 BU, удалось полностью устранить путем обработки комплексом химических и физических методов. В процессе производства до 3-й генерации включительно количество выживших клеток обработанных дрожжей составляло 100–98%, однако к 10-й генерации этот показатель снизился до 30%. После обработки остаточных дрожжей 4–10 генераций ультразвуком активность дрожжевых клеток полностью останавливается. В ходе эксперимента получен белковый гидролизат, и данные о его физико-химических по","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"СҮЗБЕ ӨНІМДЕРІНІҢ САПА КӨРСЕТКІШТЕРІН БАҒАЛАУ","authors":"А.А. Arapova, E. K. Assembayeva, A. Ryabova, S. Sarimbekova, E.Zh. Gabdullina","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, consumer demand for natural, high-quality curd products without dyes and preservatives is increasing. This trend places new demands on food additives - they must be technologically advanced and healthy, ensuring high consumer quality of food products. In this article, a study was conducted to investigate the quality indicators of curd products with the addition of a natural biologically active substance – arabinogalactan, during storage. An analysis of organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological indicators was carried out, and the dynamics of their changes during the specified storage period were determined. The results obtained showed that the addition of arabinogalactan has a positive effect on the organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological properties of the product, extending its storage period. The shelf life, which guarantees the preservation of the quality characteristics of the product, is 7 days from the date of manufacture at a storage temperature of 4±2°C. The analysis demonstrated that the resulting curd product with high organoleptic properties maintains its quality characteristics within the established standards throughout the entire specified storage period.\u0000 Қазіргі таңда тұтынушылардан бояғыштары мен консерванттары жоқ табиғи жоғары сапалы сүзбе өнімдеріне сұраныс артуда. Ал бұл өз кезегінде тағамдық қоспаларға жаңа талаптар қояды – олар технологиялық тұрғыдан жетілдірілген және денсаулыққа пайдалы, сонымен қатар азық-түлік өнімдерінің жоғары тұтынушылық сапасын қамтамасыз етуі керек. Бұл мақалада табиғи текті биологиялық белсенді зат –арабиногалактанмен толықтырылған сүзбе өнімдерінің сақтау мерзімі кезіндегі сапа көрсеткіштерін зерттеу мақсатында органолептикалық, физика-химиялық және микробиологиялық көрсеткіштеріне талдаулар жүргізіліп, олардың белгіленген сақтау мерзіміндегі өзгеру динамикасы анықталды. Алынған нәтижелер арабиногалактанды қосу өнімнің органолептикалық, физика-химиялық және микробиологиялық қасиеттеріне жағымды әсер ететіндігі және сақтау мерзімін ұзартатындығы анықталды. Өнімнің сапалық көрсеткіштерінің сақталуына кепілдік беретін сақтау мерзімі 4±2°C сақтау температурасында өндірілген күннен бастап 7 күнді құрады. Бүкіл жарамдылық мерзімі ішінде сүзбе өнімі белгіленген стандарттар шегінде өзінің сапалық сипаттамаларын сақтай отырып, органолептикалық қасиеттері жоғары өнімді алуға мүмкіндік беретінін көрсетті.","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ЦИРКУЛЯЦИЯ ГРИППА И ДРУГИХ ОСТРЫХ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫХ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ В ГОРОДЕ АЛМАТЫ И АЛМАТИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2022- 2023 ГОДЫ","authors":"A. Baimukhametova, T. Glebova, N. Saktaganov, S. Baiseiit, G. Lukmanova, M. Shamenova, N. Klivleyeva, G. Kasymova, G. Xetayeva, E. Vetrova","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the circulation of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in the epidemic season of 2022-2023 in the Almaty and Almaty region population. For this purpose, 600 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from sick people with acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia diagnoses were studied by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained in the polymerase chain reaction indicate circulation among the population in the epidemic season of 2022-2023 influenza A viruses (23.00% of the total number of specimens) and B (0.83%) with a predominance of subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 (5.50%). In addition, the genetic material of ARVI pathogens: adenovirus (2.67%), respiratory syncytial virus (2.00%), rhinovirus (1.33%), metapneumovirus (0.67%), bocavirus (0.67%), parainfluenza virus type I/III (0.50%), and coronavirus (0.17%) was found. Thus, the results obtained during the study of the epidemic situation for influenza and SARS confirm the circulation among the residents of Almaty and the Almaty region in the epidemic season of 2022-2023 of mixed etiology ARVI pathogens.\u0000 В статье представлены результаты изучения циркуляции гриппа и острых респираторных вирусных инфекций в эпидемический сезон 2022-2023 гг. среди населения г. Алматы и Алматинской области. С этой целью методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени было исследовано 600 носоглоточных смывов, полученных от больных людей с диагнозами ОРВИ, ОРЗ, бронхит и пневмония. Результаты, полученные в полимеразной цепной реакции, указывают на циркуляцию среди населения в эпидемический сезон 2022-2023 гг. вирусов гриппа типа А (23,00% от общего количества проб) и В (0,83%) с преобладанием субтипа A(H1N1)pdm09 (5,50%). Кроме того, обнаружен генетический материал возбудителей ОРВИ: аденовируса (2,67%), респираторно-синцитиального вируса (2,00%), риновируса (1,33%), метапневмовируса (0,67%), бокавируса (0,67%), вируса парагриппа I и III типов (0,50%) и коронавируса (0,17%). Таким образом, полученные в ходе изучения эпидемической ситуации по гриппу и ОРВИ результаты подтверждают циркуляцию среди жителей г. Алматы и Алматинской области в эпидемический сезон 2022-2023 гг. возбудителей ОРВИ смешанной этиологии.","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ САЛЬМОНЕЛЛЕЗА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУР","authors":"T. V. Melnikova, A. Bagybaeva, N.Ch. Hanif, G. Mussina, G. A. Jamalova","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of a systematic research review, the biological, evolutionary, and ecological features of Salmonella, contributing to its colonization in poultry, were studied. The disease in farm chickens is caused by specific (Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum) and nonspecific (Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium) salmonella. Salmonella infection, as well as multidrug resistance in Salmonellaisolates, represents a global problem for the poultry industry and public health. Salmonella bacteria are one of the causes of acute and chronic poultry infectious diseases. Being a reservoir of Salmonella, the infected chicken can transmit this pathogen through the food chain to humans. The aim of the work is to update the data on genotypic and phenotypic characterization of bacteria of Salmonella genus. The scientific importance of the study consists in a detailed analysis of the current bioecological characteristics of the pathogen of salmonellosis of farm chickens, practical - in the possibility of improving, on the basis of the obtained relevant information, ways to prevent their spread in poultry farms and their transmission through chicken products to humans. The greatest damage to chickens is caused by three serovars of Salmonella: Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella Gallinarup pullorum. In chickens, the Gallinarum (SG) serovar is divided into Gallinarum (bvG) and Pullorum (bvP) biovars. They affect adult birds (with typhoid fever causing acute or chronic septicemic disease) and young ones (with pullorosis causing weakness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, exhaustion, and growth retardation). The transmission routes of the Gallinarum serovar in birds are horizontal (through contact with the environment, infected birds, and poultry houses) and vertical (through fertilized eggs). The percentage of flocks affected by pullorosis and typhoid fever is high, and the mortality rate of chickens of predominantly 2-3 weeks of age, for example with pullorosis, can reach 100% in a herd. Salmonellosis in humans is caused by the Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium serotypes with poultry and its products as the primary reservoirs. Prevention programs lead to a decrease in Salmonella incidence in poultry herds and, depending on the standards adopted by the state, the prevalence of various Salmonella serovarsamong chickens ranges from 6 to 30%. Salmonellosis control and prevention at poultry facilities in Kazakhstan are carried out on the basis of current legislative, regulatory veterinary, and sanitary documents.\u0000 В процессе системного исследовательского обзора изучались биологические, эволюционные и экологические особенности сальмонеллы, обеспечивающие колонизацию сельскохозяйственных кур в условиях промышленного птицеводства. Заболевание сельскохозяйственных кур вызывается специфичной (Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum) и неспецифичной (Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium) сальмонеллой. Инфекци","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"МЕЖВИДОВОЙ ПЕРЕХОД И АДАПТАЦИЯ ВИРУСА ГРИППА К СОБАКАМ","authors":"M. Shamenova, G. Lukmanova, N. Klivleyeva, T. Glebova, N. Saktaganov, A. Baimukhametova, E. Vetrova","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza viruses are widespread worldwide pathogens with a wide range of hosts, including virtually all warm-blooded animals. Influenza A viruses have the ability to adapt quickly to new hosts due to rapid mutation and combinative variability based on high mutation rates and segmented genome structure. The ever-growing new strains that break the interspecies barrier and are new zoonotic pathogens are one of the most serious public health problems. Traditionally, peculiar attention is paid to avian influenza viruses as the main reservoir of influenza viruses and the main source of new highly pathogenic strains. However, in recent years, canine influenza has come into focus following several outbreaks in North America and South Asia caused by the influenza H3N8 and H3N2 virus. Thus, influenza epidemics in pets may pose a threat to the emergence of new zoonotic pathogens and their rapid spread due to the high numbers and close contact of these animals with humans, although currently the risks to humans are not well understood. This article presents data on the epidemiology of influenza A viruses in dogs, considers evidence of the ability of influenza viruses to intraspecific transmission, adaptation to the host and the formation of new influenza A virus lineages through genomic reassembly within the dog body. The described facts justify the need for systematic monitoring and in-depth study of canine influenza viruses to ensure preparedness for inevitable outbreaks and pandemics, as well as to identify the role of interaction between pets and humans in the light of the “One Health” concept [1] and the threat of the emergence of new zoonotic viruses.\u0000 Вирусы гриппа являются широко распространенными во всем мире патогенами, имеющими обширный круг хозяев, включая практически всех теплокровных животных. Вирусы гриппа А обладают способностью быстро адаптироваться к новым хозяевам, благодаря быстрой мутационной и комбинативной изменчивости, основанной на высокой скорости мутаций и сегментированном строении генома. Постоянно появляющиеся новые штаммы, преодолевающие межвидовой барьер и представляющие собой новые зоонозные патогены, являются одной из самых серьезных проблем для общественного здравоохранения. Традиционно особое внимание уделяется вирусам гриппа птиц как основному резервуару вирусов гриппа и главному источнику образования новых высокопатогенных штаммов. Но в последние годы в фокус внимания исследователей попал грипп собак после нескольких вспышек в Северной Америке и Южной Азии, вызванные подтипами вируса гриппа H3N8 и H3N2. Таким образом, эпидемии гриппа у домашних питомцев могут представлять собой угрозу появления новых зоонозных патогенов и быстрого их распространения в силу высокой численности и близких контактов этих животных с людьми, хотя в настоящее время риски для людей недостаточно изучены. В данной статье приведены данные об эпидемиологии вирусов гриппа А у собак, рассмотрены доказательства способности гриппа к внутривидовой переда","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ АКТИНОМИЦЕТОВ И ИХ РОЛЬ КАК ПРОДУЦЕНТОВ АНТИБИОТИКОВ","authors":"S. Zhantlessova, A. Sadanov, B. Baimakhanova, O. Lahk, A. Balgimbaeva, L. Trenozhnikova, V. Berezin, S. Orazymbet, A. Kistaubayeva, A. Massirbayeva, M. Yerdenbekova, T. Doolotkeldieva","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Actinomycetes are universal producers of a variety of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), antibiotic resistance is currently one of the biggest threats to human health, food security and development. This review summarizes information about actinomycetes and their ability to produce antibiotics. The search for a variety of natural compounds provides the opportunity to obtain antibiotics with different chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Many ecological niches remain unexplored and need to be explored to increase the diversity of new actinomycetes. Recent advances and promising directions for future research in this area are reviewed. Since different strains of actinomycetes produce different compounds, it is necessary to intensify research on screening and isolating new strains to find new biologically active substances.\u0000 Актиномицеты являются универсальными продуцентами разнообразных вторичных метаболитов, в том числе и антибиотиков. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), устойчивость к антибиотикам в настоящее время является одной из самых больших угроз для здоровья человечества, продовольственной безопасности и развития. В этом обзоре обобщены сведения об актиномицетах и их способности продуцировать антибиотики. Поиск разнообразных природных соединений предоставляет возможность получения антибиотиков с различной химической структурой и механизмом действия. Многие экологические ниши все еще остаются неисследованными, и их необходимо изучить для увеличения разнообразия новых актиномицетов. Рассматриваются последние достижения и перспективные направления исследований в этой области. В связи с тем, что различные штаммы актиномицетов продуцируют разные соединения, необходимо активизировать исследования по скринингу и выделению новых штаммов для изыскания новых биологически активных веществ.","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПРОТИВОГРИБКОВЫЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВАГИНАЛЬНОГО КАНДИДОЗА","authors":"Z.Zh. TURLYBAYEVA⃰, B. Baymakhanova, L. Ibragimova, A. Sadanov, A. Balgimbayeva, S. Orazymbet, A.Zh. Sultanova, S. Zhantlessova, M. Erdenbekova, Sh. M. Miralimova","doi":"10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53729/mv-as.2024.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal infections can significantly alter the normal microflora of the body. Long-term use of ineffective medications in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis leads to drug resistance of infectious agents, and their systemic absorption leads to metabolic disorders. The transition of the disease to chronic forms in some cases causes infertility or the need for termination of pregnancy. The article discusses the modern most effective and safest drugs based on the recommendations of attending physicians and patient reviews.\u0000 Грибковые инфекции способны значительно изменять нормальную микрофлору организма. Длительное применение малоэффективных медицинских препаратов в лечении вагинального кандидоза приводит к лекарственной устойчивости возбудителей инфекции, а их системное всасывание - к процессам нарушения метаболизма. Переход заболевания в хронические формы в некоторых случаях вызывает бесплодие или к необходимости прерывания беременности. В статье рассмотрены современные наиболее эффективные и максимально безопасные препараты на основе рекомендаций лечащих врачей и отзывов пациентов.","PeriodicalId":507045,"journal":{"name":"МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}