Chinese Journal of Electronics最新文献

Persistent-Fault Based Differential Analysis and Applications to Masking and Fault Countermeasures 基于持续故障的差分分析及其在屏蔽和故障对策中的应用

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.381

Shihui Zheng;Shoujin Zang;Ruihao Xing;Jiayu Zhang;Changhai Ou

{"title":"Persistent-Fault Based Differential Analysis and Applications to Masking and Fault Countermeasures","authors":"Shihui Zheng;Shoujin Zang;Ruihao Xing;Jiayu Zhang;Changhai Ou","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.381","url":null,"abstract":"A persistent fault analysis (PFA) can break implementations of the advanced encryption standard (AES) secured by fault attack countermeasures that prevent differential analyses based on transient faults (DFA). When the AES implementation is protected by some higher-order masking countermeasure, the number of required ciphertexts may increase exponentially with the growth of the number of shares. We present a persistent-fault-based differential analysis (PFDA) against AES implementations. Two error patterns are detected by ciphertext pairs. Namely, only one error occurs at a SubBytes operation in round 10, and only one error occurs at a SubBytes operation in round 9. The latter is used to derive a differential characteristic (DC) for the key recovery, and the former is explored to deduce the input difference of the DC. Thus, the computational complexity is reduced compared to DFA. Encrypting a fixed plaintext many times to tolerate errors is utilized in PFDA against RP countermeasures. The number of required encryptions increases linearly with the growth of the number of shares. The simulation results show that PFDA can break unprotected AES implementations and implementations secured by fault attack counter-measures or the above higher-order masking countermeasures. Compared to other analyses based on persistent fault, the required number of ciphertexts of PFDA is the lowest.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"548-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Type GNSS User Classification Using RANSAC-K-Means Clustering 基于RANSAC-K-Means聚类的多类型GNSS用户分类

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2024.00.041

Kun Li;Shuailong Chen;Shuaiyong Zheng;Xuanwen Wang;Jixi Liu;Peng Yang;Mengzhi Gao;Xiaoqin Jin

{"title":"Multi-Type GNSS User Classification Using RANSAC-K-Means Clustering","authors":"Kun Li;Shuailong Chen;Shuaiyong Zheng;Xuanwen Wang;Jixi Liu;Peng Yang;Mengzhi Gao;Xiaoqin Jin","doi":"10.23919/cje.2024.00.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2024.00.041","url":null,"abstract":"The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) has provided positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services to global users across land, maritime, and aviation. However, how to classify these three types of users with complex movement patterns poses great challenges to the work of monitoring and evaluating the PNT system. To accurately classify multi-type global navigation satellite system (GNSS) users, this paper proposes a method that combines random sample consensus (RANSAC) and K-means clustering to track the movements of massive users and classify them based on their dynamic characteristics in different areas, which is noted as RANSAC-K-means. The simulated massive user data show that the recognition rate of the proposed algorithm exceeds 83.22%, and compared with the conventional method, the proposed RANSAC-K-means method improved the recognition rate by 11.16%. The RANSAC-K-means method can provide more accurate clustering results under the situations where multi-type users present dynamic characteristics with significant differences, showing significant stability and robustness. The proposed method is more suitable for monitoring and evaluating the service performance of satellite navigation systems.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"730-738"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sparse Homogeneous Learning: A New Approach for Sparse Learning 稀疏同构学习：稀疏学习的一种新方法

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.130

Jiajie Shi;Zhi Yang;Jiafeng Liu;Hongli Shi

{"title":"Sparse Homogeneous Learning: A New Approach for Sparse Learning","authors":"Jiajie Shi;Zhi Yang;Jiafeng Liu;Hongli Shi","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.130","url":null,"abstract":"Many sparse representation problems boil down to address the underdetermined systems of linear equations subject to solution sparsity restriction. Many approaches have been proposed such as sparse Bayesian learning. In order to improve solution sparsity and effectiveness in a more intuitive way, a new approach is proposed, which starts from the general solution of the linear equation system. The general solution is decomposed into the particular and homogeneous solutions, where the homogeneous solution is designed to counteract as many elements of particular solution as possible to make the general solution sparse. First, construct a special system of linear equations to link the homogeneous solution with particular solution, which typically is an inconsistent system. Second, the largest consistent sub-system are extracted from the system so that as many corresponding elements of two solutions as possible cancel each other out. By improving implementation efficiency, the procedure can be accomplished with moderate computational time. The results of extensive experiments for sparse signal recovery and image reconstruction demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of sparseness or recovery accuracy with acceptable computational burden.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"712-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AOYOLO Algorithm Oriented Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection in Foggy Weather 面向AOYOLO算法的雾天车辆和行人检测

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.280

Jian Su;Shiang Mao;Wei Zhuang

{"title":"AOYOLO Algorithm Oriented Vehicle and Pedestrian Detection in Foggy Weather","authors":"Jian Su;Shiang Mao;Wei Zhuang","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.280","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of complex foggy environments, the acquired images often suffer from low visibility, high noise, and loss of detailed information. The direct application of general object detection methods fails to achieve satisfactory results. To address these issues, this paper proposes a foggy object detection method based on YOLOv8n, named AOYOLO. The all-in-one dehazing network, a lightweight defogging network, is employed for data augmentation. Additionally, the ResCNet module is introduced in the backbone to better extract features from low-illumination images. The GACSP module is proposed in the neck to capture multi-scale features and effectively utilize them, thereby generating discriminative features with different scales. The detection head is improved using WiseIoU, which enhances the accuracy of object localization. Experimental evaluations are conducted on the publicly available datasets: the annotated real-world task-driven testing set (RTTS) and synthetic foggy KITTI dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed AOYOLO algorithm outperforms the original YOLOv8n algorithm with an average mean average precision (mAP) improvement of 3.3% and 4.6% on the RTTS and KITTI datasets, respectively. The AOYOLO method effectively enhances the performance of object detection in foggy scenes. Due to its improved performance and stronger robustness, this experimental model provides a new perspective for foggy object detection.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"661-672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TE101 Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filter with Wide Stopband Up to TE10(2n-l) and Coplanar Ports TE101基片集成波导滤波器，宽阻带高达TE10（2n- 1）和共面端口

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.225

Peng Chu;Jianguo Feng;Lei Guo;Fang Zhu;Weibin Kong;Leilei Liu;Guoqing Luo;Ke Wu

引用次数: 0

A High-Quality and Efficient Bus-Aware Global Router 一种高质量、高效的总线感知全局路由器

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.061

Genggeng Liu;Ling Wei;Yantao Yu;Ning Xu

{"title":"A High-Quality and Efficient Bus-Aware Global Router","authors":"Genggeng Liu;Ling Wei;Yantao Yu;Ning Xu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.061","url":null,"abstract":"As advanced technology nodes enter the nanometer era, the complexity of integrated circuit design is increasing, and the proportion of bus in the net is also increasing. The bus routing has become a key factor affecting the performance of the chip. In addition, the existing research does not distinguish between bus and non-bus in the complete global routing process, which directly leads to the expansion of bus deviation and the degradation of chip performance. In order to solve these problems, we propose a high-quality and efficient bus-aware global router, which includes the following key strategies: By introducing the routing density graph, we propose a routing model that can simultaneously consider the routability of non-bus and the deviation value of bus; A dynamic routing resource adjustment algorithm is proposed to optimize the bus deviation and wirelength simultaneously, which can effectively reduce the bus deviation; We propose a layer assignment algorithm consider deviation to significantly reduce the bus deviation of the 3D routing solution; And a depth-first search (DFS)-based algorithm is proposed to obtain multiple routing solutions, from which the routing result with the lowest deviation is selected. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce bus deviation compared with the existing algorithms, so as to obtain high-quality 2D and 3D routing solutions considering bus deviation.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"444-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An 8–26 GHz Passive Mixer with Excellent Port Matching Utilizing Marchand Balun and Capacitor Compensation 一种利用Marchand Balun和电容补偿的8-26 GHz无源混频器，具有良好的端口匹配

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.178

Yi Zhang;Yuhang Zhuang;Hu Zhang;Lei Yang;Jing Wang;Changchun Zhang;Yufeng Guo

{"title":"An 8–26 GHz Passive Mixer with Excellent Port Matching Utilizing Marchand Balun and Capacitor Compensation","authors":"Yi Zhang;Yuhang Zhuang;Hu Zhang;Lei Yang;Jing Wang;Changchun Zhang;Yufeng Guo","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.178","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a broadband monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) double-balanced mixer designed for operation within the frequency range of 8–26 GHz is presented. The design is implemented using a 0.15 μm GaAs process. Traditional Marchand baluns, when applied to wideband mixers, face challenges in simultaneously achieving broad bandwidth and good port matching characteristics. To address this issue, we employ a spiral Marchand balun with a compensation capacitor. This innovative approach not only maintains the mixer's wide bandwidth but also enhances the matching between the local oscillator (LO) and radio frequency (RF) ports. Additionally, it significantly simplifies the complexity of designing the matching circuit. The optimization principle of the compensation capacitor is elaborated in detail within this paper. Experimental results demonstrate that, with an LO power of 14 dBm, the conversion loss remains below 8.5 dB, while the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the LO and IF ports is less than 2 and the VSWR of the RF port is below 2.4. In comparison with existing literature, our designed mixer exhibits a broader bandwidth and lower loss.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"422-428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Subspace-Based GMM Clustering Ensemble Algorithm for High-Dimensional Data 一种新的基于子空间的高维数据GMM聚类集成算法

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.153

Yulin He;Yingting He;Zhaowu Zhan;Fournier-Viger Philippe;Joshua Zhexue Huang

{"title":"A Novel Subspace-Based GMM Clustering Ensemble Algorithm for High-Dimensional Data","authors":"Yulin He;Yingting He;Zhaowu Zhan;Fournier-Viger Philippe;Joshua Zhexue Huang","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.153","url":null,"abstract":"The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a classical probabilistic representation model widely used in unsupervised learning. GMM performs poorly on high-dimensional data (HDD) due to the requirement of estimating a large number of parameters with relatively few observations. To address this, the paper proposes a novel subspace-based GMM clustering ensemble (SubGMM-CE) algorithm tailored for HDD. The proposed SubGMM-CE algorithm comprises three key components. A series of low-dimensional subspaces are dynamically determined, considering the optimal number of GMM components. The GMM-based clustering algorithm is applied to each subspace to obtain a series of heterogeneous GMM models. These GMM base clustering results are merged using the newly-designed relabeling strategy based on the average shared affiliation probability, generating the final clustering result for high-dimensional unlabeled data. An exhaustive experimental evaluation validates the feasibility, rationality, effectiveness, and robustness to noise of the SubGMM-CE algorithm. Results show that SubGMM-CE achieves higher stability and more accurate clustering results, outperforming nine state-of-the-art clustering algorithms in normalized mutual information, clustering accuracy, and adjusted rand index scores. This demonstrates the viability of the SubGMM-CE algorithm in addressing HDD clustering challenges.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"612-629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cooperative Self-Learning: A Framework for Few-Shot Jamming Identification 合作自学习：一种小弹干扰识别框架

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.229

Yuxin Shi;Xinjin Lu;Yifu Sun;Kang An;Yusheng Li

引用次数: 0

Self-Decoupled Square Patch Antenna Arrays by Exciting and Using Mixed Electric/Magnetic Coupling Between Adjacent Radiators 基于相邻辐射体间混合电/磁耦合的自解耦方形贴片天线阵列

IF 1.6 4区计算机科学

Chinese Journal of Electronics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/cje.2023.00.222

Qianwen Liu;Lei Zhu;Wenjun Lu

{"title":"Self-Decoupled Square Patch Antenna Arrays by Exciting and Using Mixed Electric/Magnetic Coupling Between Adjacent Radiators","authors":"Qianwen Liu;Lei Zhu;Wenjun Lu","doi":"10.23919/cje.2023.00.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/cje.2023.00.222","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents and develops a simple decoupling method for the planar square patch antenna arrays by virtue of mixed electric and magnetic coupling property. Since the resonant modes of TM<inf>10</inf> and TM<inf>01</inf> are a pair of degenerate modes in the square patch radiator which are intrinsically orthogonal, a superposed mode of them can be generated to possess consistent field distributions along all the four sides of the patch by adjusting the feeding position. By employing such superposed mode, the mutual coupling between two horizontally adjacent patch elements will become identical to that between two vertical ones, indicating an expected possibility that the complex 2-D decoupling problem in a large-scale antenna patch array can be effectively facilitated and simplified to a 1-D one. Subsequently, metallic pins and connecting strip are properly loaded in each square patch resonator, such that appropriate electric and magnetic coupling strengths can be readily achieved and thus the mutual coupling can get highly decreased. A 1 × 2 antenna array with an edge-to-edge separation of 1 mm, which corresponding to 0.0117λ<inf>o</inf>, is firstly discussed, simulated, and fabricated. The measured results show that the isolation can be highly improved from 4 dB to 17 dB across the entire passband. In final, 1 × 3, 2 × 2, and 4 × 4 antenna array prototypes are constructed and studied for verification of the expansibility and feasibility of the proposed decoupling method to both linear and 2-D antenna arrays.","PeriodicalId":50701,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Electronics","volume":"34 2","pages":"483-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10982048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0