Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria最新文献

{"title":"Gas exchange and productivity of yellow passion fruit irrigated with saline water and fertilized with potassium and biofertilizer","authors":"J. C. Nunes, L. Cavalcante, W. E. Pereira, J. Souza, D. J. D. Almeida, Denizard Oresca, P. Fernandes","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1742","url":null,"abstract":"The salinity of irrigation water can affect the growth and development of most plants of commercial interest. Aiming to study these aspects in passion fruit culture, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of bovine biofertilizer and potassium fertilization on gas exchange and production of the passion fruit ‘BRS Giant Yellow’ irrigated with non-saline and saline water. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks with sub-subdivided plots using the 2×(3×5) scheme, which refers to two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water as the main plot (0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1) and the combination of three potassic fertilization practices (without fertilization, fertilized with conventional and slow release KCl) with five doses of bovine biofertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of dose of 15 L m-2) in the subplots, with three replicates and 12 plants per plot. The physiological variables and the productivity were evaluated in two harvests, and the data were submitted to statistical evaluation of samples repeated in time. The application of bovine biofertilizer and potassium in soil with a sandy texture irrigated with saline water did not inhibit the degenerative effect of the salts on the photosynthetic rates of the plants. The salinity of the irrigation water reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis of the plants, but in the second crop, the instantaneous water use efficiency was higher. Although the productivity decreased from the first to the second harvest, the biofertilizer associated with potassic fertilization increased the yield of the crop, which surpassed the average of Brazil, the Brazilian Northeast and the State of Paraiba, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"63 1","pages":"168-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of irrigation and compost application on Montepulciano berry composition in a volcanic environment of Latium region (central Italy)","authors":"Pasquale Cirigliano, Maria Vincenza Chiriacò, A. Núñez, G. D. Monte, Tilde Labagnara","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1691","url":null,"abstract":"Montepulciano red grape is cultivated in the northern part of the Latium region, primarily for the production of DOC “Colli Etruschi Viterbesi” structured wines for aging. In Mediterranean areas, viticulture is closely influenced by vine water status. In this context, the practice of irrigation may alleviate water-stress-related reductions in plant development to guarantee grape quality, especially in semi-arid areas. The application of on-farm compost in a vineyard may affect grape quality without negative effects, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability. The aim of this work was to investigate the combined effect of irrigation and compost application on the Montepulciano variety in the volcanic environment of Latium region, thereby improving the polyphenol concentrations in the berries. The trial was conducted during three growing seasons (2011–2013). Irrigation was performed according to the protocol proposed by Ojeda and Saurin (2014). The pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψpd) from July to September was measured weekly for maintaining vine water status in the range between -0.4 and -0.6 Mpa. Irrigation (I) and irrigation plus compost application (IC) were compared to a non-irrigated control (C). Berry weight was not influenced by moderate irrigation, whereas titratable acidity and total soluble solids were negatively correlated to the increment of water dropped. The primary finding was a positive influence on polyphenol contents of the grapes at harvest. Best performance was highlighted in 2012 with 263 liter vine-1 of water supplied. Overall, the sustainable use of water and on-farm compost improved Montepulciano grape quality in this volcanic area, thereby enhancing the adaptation of Mediterranean viticulture to climate change conditions.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"26 1","pages":"195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87900936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein enrichment of Opuntia ficus-indica using Kluyveromyces marxianus in solid-state fermentation","authors":"E. Herrera-Torres, M. Murillo, L. Berumen, N. Soto-Cruz, J. Páez-Lerma","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1767","url":null,"abstract":"Opuntia ficus-indica is used in animal feed but has a low protein content (above 4%) in comparison to high-quality forage  (above 16%). It isnecessary to develop technologies that improve the nutrimental value of Opuntia ficus-indica through the process of solid-state fermentation (SSF). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the chemical composition of Opuntia ficus-indica during the SSF with the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262. Kluyveromyces marxianus ITD00262 was grown in glucose, peptone, yeast (GPY) broth, at 28 oC and pH 4.8 for 12 h. Opuntia ficus-indica was incubated in SSF at 28 °C without inoculation (T1) or inoculated with K. marxianus ITD00262 (T2). Fermented samples of Opuntia ficus-indica were dried, and the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIGN) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) contents were ascertained. Data were analyzed with a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 2×6. A decrease of 11% in DM was observed for T1 compared with T2 at 48 h of fermentation. A 300% increase in PC content was observed for T2 at 120 h of fermentation. The DMIVD was increased by 3%, whereas the values of NDF and ADF decreased by 18% in T2. According to our results, it is confirmed that the use of K. marxianus in the SSF of Opuntia ficus-indica has a positive effect and improves the nutrimental quality of this forage.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"26 1","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82988895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and prevalence of Aphidius avenae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Chile","authors":"Ainara Peñalver-Cruz, S. Ortiz-Martínez, Cinthya M. Villegas, Ž. Tomanović, F. Zepeda-Paulo, V. Žikić, B. Lavandero","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1719","url":null,"abstract":"During the samplings described here, Aphidius avenae (=picipes) (Haliday, 1834) was collected. This species has been reported in Chile but has never been studied in terms of its relative abundance and prevalence in central and southern Chile by using classical or molecular methods. The composition of the parasitoid assemblages on several cereal aphid hosts was examined for three seasons in agricultural landscapes. In this note, we describe the prevalence of this parasitoid species in cereal aphids and other aphid hosts and discuss the abundance of this parasitoid compared to other aphid parasitoids and the probable origins of this important aphid parasitoid species in Chile. The results indicate that A. avenae has a low prevalence compared to other main parasitoids such as Aphidius ervi (Haliday) and that it has been found parasitizing the grain aphid ( Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)) and the bird cherry-oat aphid ( Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)) in wheat and the foxglove aphid ( Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach)) in tomato. Although the introduction of A. avenae in Chile as a biological agent in 1992 was not successful, we here confirm the presence of this aphid parasitoid wasp in Chile and discuss the factors that could explain the low prevalence of this parasitoid species in the country.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"42 1","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78981992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil erosion by water estimated for 99 Uruguayan basins","authors":"L. Carrasco-Letelier, A. Beretta-Blanco","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1717","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion can be accelerated by agricultural intensification, and the soil loss can alter the quality of water bodies. Sustainable agricultural production therefore requires the management of erosion and potential water pollution. In Uruguay, where there is heavy use of soil for agriculture, there is a need to continually develop and update erosion management policies. In this framework, we estimated the erosion in 99 drainage basins by analyzing and managing the information required (K, L, S, C and R-factors) in the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) in a geographical information system (GIS). The studied drainage basins encompass 73% of the area of Uruguay. The results include the following values: the K-factor range from 0.0073 to 0.088 (t ha h)(ha MJ mm)-1, the R-factor range from 3,547 to 9,342 (MJ mm)(ha h yr)-1, the C-factor range from 0 to 0.155, the slope gradients are less than 4.3% in 78% of the soils, and the multiplicative products of L and S are less than 0.73 in 75% of the cases. The drainage basin characteristics allowed the identification of 4 homogeneous regions based on their erosion behavior. The northern-western-southern basins cluster and Sierras del Este basins clusters indicate the possibility of managing their erosion through control of vegetation cover, which is represented by the C-factor. In general, this forecast of soil erosion by water (92.9% of the soil polygons and 99.9% of the drainage basins) indicates a mean soil loss of less than 7 t (ha yr)-1 corresponding to the land cover surveyed in 2011.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"45 3 1","pages":"184-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the site index of Teak (Tectona grandis L.) plantations in Tabasco, Mexico","authors":"D. Minoche, C. H. D. Aza, M. Domínguez-Domínguez, P. Martínez‐Zurimendi","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1645","url":null,"abstract":"Forest stand productivity is defined as the quantitative estimation of a specific area’s potential to produce biomass over a determined period of time. The site index has been the predominant method used to evaluate forest stand productivity. Teak is one of the most accepted species within the international timber market due to the physical and aesthetic qualities of this wood. The aim of this study was to determine the site index of teak plantations. The study was conducted in teak plantations of Tabasco. Data were obtained from a network of 10 plantations consisting of 35 plots measured over four successive inventories (2003 to 2006). The data were fitted to five models, of which four were based on proposed finite difference equations and a non-integrated function. The most suitable of the five models was chosen, taking into account the goodness of fit, the residual analysis, and the validation with a data subsample from the plantation. The Sloboda model was finally selected, and the results obtained were compared with the model proposed by Upadhyay. This model proved to be a useful tool, not only in evaluating station quality but also in improving the planning and management of teak plantations in Tabasco.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"258 1","pages":"154-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77537838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi from the Diaporthaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae families associated with grapevine decline in Tunisia","authors":"S. Chebil, R. Fersi, M. Bouzid, F. Quaglino, S. Chenenaoui, I. Melki, G. Durante, E. Zacchi, B. Bahri, P. Bianco, A. Rhouma","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1625","url":null,"abstract":"Severe decline of mature grapevines has recently been observed in several vineyards in grape regions in northern Tunisia. Between August 2011 and June 2013, wood samples from diseased vines showing dead spur and cordons, shoot dieback associated with sunken necrotic bark lesions and brown to black vascular streaking were collected from numerous diseased vineyards. Several fungal species were isolated from the margin between healthy and symptomatic tissue. Three species of Botryosphaeriaceae , namely, Diplodia seriata , Neofusicoccum australe , and N. vitifusiforme and one species of Diaporthaceae , namely, Diaporthe neotheicola , were observed to be associated with the decline of old vines. Other fungal species were recovered from diseased wood, namely, Alternaria alternata , Botryotinia fuckeliana (anamorph of Botrytis cinerea ), Acremonium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp. In addition, Penicillium spp. interand intra-species diversity were assessed based on virtual RFLP gel analyses and identification of restriction enzymes able to distinguish fungi strains within species based on determination of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) lineages within cluster members based on the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region of the rDNA.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"2015 1","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87014023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of biotechnology in agricultural production and food supply","authors":"Edith Araceli Cano Estrada","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V%VI%I.1567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V%VI%I.1567","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80355517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El papel de la biotecnología en la producción agrícola y en el abastecimiento de alimentos","authors":"Araceli Cano Estrada, Daniel Vélez Díaz, C. Hernández","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1567","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector. En las ultimas decadas el desarrollo tecnologico ha ido de la mano con la modernizacion. Cada dia es mas evidente el uso de la biotecnologia como una herramienta para incrementar la produccion de los alimentos. Gracias a los avances en ingenieria genetica ha sido posible manipular cultivos y asi, poder garantizar el abasto de alimentos entre la poblacion. Sin embargo, estos alimentos no han sido del todo bien recibido por la sociedad, pues todavia existe incertidumbre en torno a sus beneficios tanto a nivel social como a nivel de la salud de los seres humanos. Por otra parte, la modernizacion agricola solo ha favorecido a los paises mas desarrollados. En paises en vias de desarrollo, todavia se observa pobreza, hambre y desnutricion. Por lo tanto, es necesario crear politicas que fomenten la produccion y asi poder cumplir con la demanda de alimentos que cada dia es mayor. En el proceso de la modernizacion, el desarrollo sustentable ha tomado un gran interes, donde el consumo de alimentos organicos ha llegado a convertirse en una prioridad, gracias a que estos alimentos presentan una mayor calidad y que su vez favorecen la produccion agricola regional. En esta revision se discute el papel que ha tenido la biotecnologia en diferentes epocas de la historia para la produccion agricola y el desarrollo del sector alimentario.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73217156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barley Types and Varieties in Spain: An Historical Overview","authors":"F. Martínez-Moreno, I. Solís, E. Igartua","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I1.1638","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is currently the most cultivated crop in Spain with about three million ha. Its importance stems from its adaptation to areas with poor soil conditions and water stress. The aim of this work is to describe the historical evolution of barley types and varieties of barley grown by farmers in Spain. A historical review has been performed consulting articles and books on history, archeology, and agronomy related with the issue. Different web sites and articles have been also consulted about the current varietal state of barley in Spain. Another important information source came from the CRF (Center of Plant Genetic Resources) of Spain where a great collection of landraces is preserved. First barleys came to Spain about 7600 years BP by three sites: north, east and south. The south entrance is special, because those genotypes could came from a secondary domestication center of barley located in Morocco. Crop spread throughout the country and its cultivation were reported by Romans, Arabs, and Christians after the ‘Reconquista’ (re-conquest). At the beginning of the nineteenth century the first attempt of classification was carried out. Until the 1940s, most barley acreage was sown with ancient landraces, but from that period onward a steady varietal renovation took place up to the present. The history of barley types and varieties in Spain is rich, and a great set of landraces is preserved in seed banks. These landraces may contain genes for resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":"12-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90802345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}