Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of phenolic profile alterations in metal-polluted bee pollen via capillary electrophoresis","authors":"E. Mejías, Carlos Gómez, P. Gareil, N. Delaunay, G. Montenegro","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V45I1.1890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V45I1.1890","url":null,"abstract":"Bee pollen is a conglomerate of plant pollens, and its nutritional contents include bioactive compounds with antioxidant/antiradical potentials. These potentials are conditioned by botanical origin. In Chile, the native flora is diverse and promising in terms of bioactive compounds, but many plants grow in metal-polluted areas. The associated bioaccumulation could negatively affect the antioxidant/antiradical abilities of bee pollen. To assess the relationship between the bioaccumulation of metals and the antioxidant activity of pollen, complete bee pollen was collected near and far from the Llaima Volcano, albeit in ranges that ensured the same botanical origins. Mellisopalynological analysis determined Escallonia rubra pollen was the most abundant native flora in complete bee pollen. Therefore, E. rubra pollen collected near and far from the Llaima Volcano was evaluated for the following: phenolic compounds via colorimetric assays; antioxidant activity via ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays; antiradical activity via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assays; and metal contents via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Llaima samples had higher Cu and Fe but lower Mn contents and lower antioxidant and antiradical capacities than did the control samples. These results were supported by subsequent fortification assays in Llaima E. rubra samples. In fortified samples with significantly higher metal contents, antiradical and antioxidant abilities decreased. Moreover, shifts in migration times were found for naringenin, rutine, and caffeic acid after capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis in fortified samples. In conclusion, the results indicated an inverse correlation between metal contents and antioxidant/antiradical potentials in bee pollen.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"133 1","pages":"51-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79388052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foodborne bacteria in dairy products: Detection by molecular techniques","authors":"N. Cancino-Padilla, M. Fellenberg, W. Franco, R. Ibáñez, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1811","url":null,"abstract":"Because of their unique composition and properties, milk and dairy products represent excellent growth media for many pathogenic microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella spp. , Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are the most frequent potential pathogens associated with milk or dairy products in industrialized countries and are therefore the main microbiological hazards linked to raw milk and raw cheese. This review summarizes the scientific information about outbreaks related to foodborne pathogens in dairy products and highlights the increasing application of molecular approaches to detect and identify the bacteria responsible for these outbreaks. Molecular techniques have facilitated the rapid detection and identification of foodborne pathogens, which has been crucial for current surveillance and outbreak control.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"63 1","pages":"215-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74552422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzylaminopurine and indol-3-acetic acid concentrations in in vitro proliferation of Agave angustifolia adventitious shoots","authors":"Suzel del Carmen Ríos-Ramírez, J. E. Valle, Gerardo Rodríguez Ortíz, Judith Ruíz-Luna","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1810","url":null,"abstract":"Today, a micropropagation method for Agave angustifolia exists, but for the multiplication of propagules, more information is needed on the diverse components of the culture medium, cytokinins and auxins and their effect on organogenetic response. The objective of this study was to evaluate dosages of benzylaminopurine and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) in a culture medium and their effect on the formation of new adventitious shoots (organogenesis). The explants used were clusters of shoots on a common base of A. angustifolia stem tissue. Clusters of three to four shoots were established in different variants of a Murashige and Skoog culture medium that had different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and IAA) (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg L-1). After 16 wk, it was found that a higher proliferation of shoots was positively related to the concentration of growth regulators. Explants formed a greater quantity of shoots in a culture medium with an increase in BAP of up to 4 mg L-1 and in IAA of up to 1 mg L-1, and there was a synergistic effect with BAP to induce the formation of the greatest number of shoots.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"9 1","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84108377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of quillay Chilean honeys and their separated phenolic extracts","authors":"R. Bridi, Gabriel Nuñez-Quijada, P. Aguilar, P. Martinez, E. Lissi, A. Giordano, G. Montenegro","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1756","url":null,"abstract":"The differences between entire quillay honeys and their separated phenolic extracts in terms of phenolic content, flavonoid content and scavenging activity assessed through an Oxygen Radicals Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay were determined. The separated phenolic extracts of honey were obtained using Amberlite XAD-2, which is the procedure most used in analytical methods, biological assays and functional food development. The results showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were higher in entire honeys than in their separated phenolic extracts. The recovery of phenolic acids and flavonoids was variable and depended upon the method employed. The application of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), a water insoluble synthetic polymer, in the separated extracts indicated an important influence of non-phenolic reducing compounds in the polyphenolic content measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. This showed the elution with methanol of these compounds together with phenolic compounds using an Amberlite XAD-2 column. The antioxidant capacity assessed through ORAC-FL and ORAC-PGR was less influenced by the interference of non-phenolic compounds than by that of total phenolic and flavonoid contents.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"8 1","pages":"252-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90217440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of n-alkanes as grass-feeding biomarkers in steers","authors":"M. E. Martínez, A. Benavente, R. Morales","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1741","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of diet (grazing vs. silage with concentrate) and changes in diet on n-alkane concentrations in cattle feces. The assay lasted 35 days (15 days of adaptation and 20 of taking samples). Thirty Holstein-Friesian steers were divided into three groups of ten for each of three treatments: GZ. Diet of 100% pasture; FD: diet of pasture silage:concentrates in a 60:40 ratio; and MX: diet with a gradual decrease in pasture and inclusion of increasing quantities of the FD diet every five days until reaching the same diet in the last five days of the assay. Fecal samples were taken daily from every animal and analyzed by gas chromatography to determine n-alkane profiles. The data obtained under the conditions of this study showed evident changes in n-alkane concentrations in steer feces within two to three days after a change in diet, whereas concentrations were stable in the feces of animals that experienced no change in diet. These results can be used as the basis for developing a tool to determine the type of feed bovines receives prior to slaughter.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"85 1","pages":"239-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90049703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive compounds of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cv. Golden Nugget and analysis of the in vitro functionality for hyperglycemia management","authors":"Ja Ahumada, C. Fuentealba, J. Olaeta, P. Undurraga, R. Pedreschi, K. Shetty, R. Chirinos, D. Campos, Lena Gálvez-Ranilla","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1816","url":null,"abstract":"Loquat cultivar Golden Nugget (leaves, flowers and fruits) with potential commercial importance in Chile was analyzed for targeted bioactive composition (total phenolic contents: TPC, phenolic profiles and triterpenic acids) and in vitro bioactivity such as antioxidant capacity (AC) and inhibitory activity against enzymes relevant for hyperglycemia (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension (angiotensin-I converting enzyme, ACE-I) management. Leaves and flowers had higher TPC and AC than fruits and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were found in all structures by HPLC. Chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives were detected only in leaves and flowers which also inhibited the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, but flowers showed the highest anti-hyperglycemia activity. No inhibition of ACE-I, and hyperglycemia-relevant enzymes were detected in loquat fruits; however, TPC and AC were high at green stage. Loquat leaves and flowers are sources of phenolic bioactives with potential for diet-based hyperglycemia management. No triterpenic acids were found in all loquat parts.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"5 1","pages":"272-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75201133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Olive Pruning Wood Extract on Lipid Oxidation in Sunflower Oil.","authors":"P. González, M. C. Zúñiga, C. Olea‐Azar, C. Loyola, C. Folch-Cano","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1786","url":null,"abstract":"P. Gonzalez-Fuentes, M. Zuniga, C. Olea-Azar, M. Loyola and C. Folch-Cano. 2017. Effect of the Olive Pruning Wood Extract on Lipid Oxidation in Sunflower Oil. Cien. Inv. Agr. The production of high quality natural antioxidants from olive pruning wood extracts and their application to prevent the oxidation of vegetable oils were evaluated. The extraction of antioxidants from olive pruning wood (OPW) using Soxhlet extraction and ethanol was optimized, evaluating the use of dry and fresh OPW, extraction initial mass of 1 and 3 g, and extraction time of 2, 4 and 8 h. For the antioxidant evaluation of the OPW extracts (OPWE) the DPPH radical bleaching and ORAC-FL assays were performed. Additionally, the phenolic profile of the OPWE by HPLC-DAD was obtained and total phenolic composition was quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The OPWE obtained from dry OPW and using 1 g of initial mass showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and better antioxidant capacity compared to those obtained from fresh OPW. Both extracts showed the same profiles, but the OPWE obtained from dry OPW showed twice the concentrations of catechin (1.00 g /100 g OPWE) and oleorupein (12.59 g /100 g OPWE). Low concentrations of optimized OPWE showed activity against lipid oxidation of sunflower oil, measured by the peroxide value by microwave heating. Under high temperature conditions and concentrations, the results suggest that OPWE may present the opposite effect.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"45 1","pages":"262-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74130167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GT Biplot Analysis for Silage Potential, Nutritive Value, Gas and Methane Production of Stay-Green Grain Sorghum Shoots","authors":"Mahmut Kaplan, M. Arslan, H. Kale, K. Kara, K. Kökten","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1802","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calisma, GT Biplot analizi kullanilarak kalici yesil sorgum genotiplerinin olasi silajini arastirmak icin yurutulmustur . Tahil hasatini takiben, 41 sorgum genotipi silaj yapmak icin dogranmistir. Biyokimyasal analizler, 60 gun silajdan sonra gerceklestirildi. Sonuclar, yesil ot veriminin 13.40-65.96 t ha- 1 arasinda degistigini ortaya koymustur kuru madde oranlari% 24.26-35.83, ham protein orani% 3.44-7.03, ADF oranlari% 27.46-52.01, NDF oranlari% 40.80-69.12, ham kul oranlari% 5.89-15.14, laktik asit icerigi% 1.657-4.914, propionik asit icerigi% 0.000-0.247 arasindadir. Metan uretim degerleri 14.15-21.80%; gaz uretimi 18.51-47.36 mL arasinda, metabolik enerji (ME) 6.68-11.67 MJ / kg DM ve organik madde sindirilebilirligi (OMD) arasinda% 47.20-89.93 arasinda degismektedir. GT biplot analizine gore, asetik, butirik ve propiyonik asitler, pH, kul ve protein icerikleri arasinda metan, ME, OMD ve gaz-metan uretimi arasinda ADF, NDF ve DM arasinda pozitif korelasyonlar vardi; gaz uretimi, ADF ve NDF ile bitki ortusu verimi, ham protein, organik asitler, pH ve ham kul arasinda negatif korelasyonlar vardi. Genotipler arasinda, Sugar grazer, herbisit verimi, G4 ve G3 genotipleri ham protein ile belirgindi. Butun parametreleri goz onune alirsak, genotip G20 ideal genotip gibiydi. Bazi silaj ornekleri silaj ve beslenme ozelliklerini dusuk olmasina ragmen, bazilari tam sorgum silajina kiyasla oldukca yakin degerler hatta daha yuksek degerler vermistir. Kisin hayvancilik icin kaliteli bir kaba yem kaynagi olusturabilirler. Kalici yesil genotipler uzerine daha fazla islah calismalari, bitki ve hayvancilik uretim faaliyetlerine onemli katkilar saglayabilir Bazilari tam sorgum silajindan daha yuksek degere sahipti. Kisin hayvancilik icin kaliteli bir kaba yem kaynagi olusturabilirler. Kalici yesil genotipler uzerine daha fazla islah calismalari, bitki ve hayvancilik uretim faaliyetlerine onemli katkilar saglayabilir Bazilari tam sorgum silajindan daha yuksek degere sahipti. Kisin hayvancilik icin kaliteli bir kaba yem kaynagi olusturabilirler. Kalici yesil genotipler uzerine daha fazla islah calismalari, bitki ve hayvancilik uretim faaliyetlerine onemli katkilar saglayabilir","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"15 1","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74960855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of fungicide-resistant Botrytis cinerea populations isolated from ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes in the Central Valley of Chile","authors":"M. Esterio, Charleen Copier, A. Román, M. J. Araneda, M. Rubilar, I. Perez, J. Auger","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I3.1721","url":null,"abstract":"During the 2013 and 2014 growth seasons, 526 single spore isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from naturally infected ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grape flowers from fifteen orchards in three regions of the Central Valley of Chile. The isolates were tested for resistance to azoxystrobin, boscalid, fenhexamid, fludioxonil and pyrimethanil. Among the 526 isolates, 106 (20.15%) were sensitive to all fungicides tested; from north to south, the frequency of sensitive isolates in the regions of Valparaiso, Metropolitana and O’Higgins ranged from 48.15% to 21.1% and 5.88%, respectively. Four hundred and twenty isolates (79%) showed resistance to single or multiple fungicides, 134 (25.4%) were simultaneously resistant to azoxystrobin and pyrimethanil. No fludioxonil-resistant isolates were found, indicating that fludioxonil has great potential for gray mold control in table grapes in Chile. From sixty randomly selected B. cinerea isolates, only the azoxystrobin-resistant isolates carried the G143A point mutation; according to the cytochrome b ( cyt b ) gene structure, the third intron Bcbi-143/144 was only detected in the azoxystrobin-sensitive isolates. The H272R and H272Y point mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B ( sdhB ) gene were associated only with the boscalid-resistant isolates. The F412S and F412V point mutations were found in the sequenced erg27 gene of randomly selected fenhexamid-resistant isolates. These results contribute to the knowledge of B. cinerea fungicide resistance for table grape vine crops in Central Chile, particularly for the development of multiple-resistance and the associated resistance mechanisms of azoxystrobin, boscalid and fenhexamid-resistant isolate populations. Antiresistance strategies are discussed in a general manner.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"111 1","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74571419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition with spreading dayflower (Commelina diffusa L.) can affect the agronomic characteristics and mineral content of common bean grains","authors":"Lidiane dos Santos Gomes Oliveira, L. Dalvi, Sabrina Colodete Altoé, L. Rocha, F. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V44I2.1590","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the presence of Commelina diffusa weeds on the agronomic characteristics and mineral content of bean grains ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with five replications in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of two bean cultivars (BRS Ametista and BRS Estilo) grown in the presence and absence of the weeds. The weeds affected the agronomic and mineral characteristics of the varieties; caused a decrease in the number of leaves; reduced the chlorophyll content in the leaves; and reduced the nitrogen, phosphorus and iron contents in the grains. Competition with spreading dayflower did not cause significant effects on the stem diameter or the levels of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the grains. The BRS Estilo variety was less affected by weed competition than BRS Ametista and showed higher values for the number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and accumulation of manganese and iron in the grains.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"47 1","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76933602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}