Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria最新文献_第3页

Sustainable intensification of quinoa production in peri-urban environments in western Washington state utilizing transplant vs. direct-seed methods 在华盛顿州西部城市周边环境中利用移植与直接播种方法的藜麦生产可持续集约化

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2169

Kristofor Ludvigson, J. Reganold, K. Murphy

{"title":"Sustainable intensification of quinoa production in peri-urban environments in western Washington state utilizing transplant vs. direct-seed methods","authors":"Kristofor Ludvigson, J. Reganold, K. Murphy","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2169","url":null,"abstract":"As a developing alternative crop in both urban and rural environments in the Pacific Northwest, quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is predominantly sown using direct-seeding technology on small- to large-scale farms. However, the utilization of transplant methodology could allow for earlier planting dates, improved weed control, and quicker maturation. Many urban farmers and gardeners are experienced and equipped to utilize transplant technology and would potentially be quick to adopt this practice. Following a pilot study in 2015, an experiment was conducted in 2016 that compared transplanting and direct-seeding on two farms in the Olympic Peninsula of western Washington state. With transplant and direct-seed treatments at each location, three quinoa varieties were planted at early, mid, and late planting dates. Here, we report that transplanted quinoa possessed higher survival rates, was quicker to reach later developmental stages, and produced higher yields than direct-seeded quinoa. Transplants were more branched and shorter than direct-seeded quinoa plants; however, they also experienced higher rates of lodging. As the planting dates progressed, lodging decreased, and seed yields increased in the transplanted quinoa across all three varieties compared to the direct-seeded quinoa. The utilization of transplants could provide quinoa growers in urban and peri-urban settings with an improved production method.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effects of saponin-rich quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) bran and bran extract in diets of adapted and non-adapted quinoa pests in laboratory bioassays 富含皂苷的藜麦（藜麦）麸皮和麸皮提取物对适应和非适应藜麦害虫日粮的影响

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2159

Nathaniel B. McCartney, M. Ahumada, M. Muñoz, I. Rosales, A. Fierro, R. Chorbadjian

{"title":"Effects of saponin-rich quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) bran and bran extract in diets of adapted and non-adapted quinoa pests in laboratory bioassays","authors":"Nathaniel B. McCartney, M. Ahumada, M. Muñoz, I. Rosales, A. Fierro, R. Chorbadjian","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2159","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) produces bitter-tasting triterpene saponins that must be removed prior to consumption, significantly adding to production costs. Breeders have therefore prioritized the development of low-saponin “sweet” cultivars with little concern for the ecological benefits these compounds may confer. Quinoa saponins are thought to provide protection against herbivores and microbial pathogens, although there is very little data to support these assumptions. Here we begin to address the question of whether biologically relevant concentrations of saponins exert negative effects against insects and pathogens that attack quinoa, as well as against species not associated with quinoa. Using bran of the coastal genotype Cahuil as the source of saponins, we conducted feeding assays with larvae of 3 noctuid insect species. Antifungal activity against 8 species was assayed using bran extract incorporated into PDA media. Quinoa bran showed insecticidal activity against only the non-quinoa feeder Pseudaletia impuncta , while the quinoa feeders T richoplusia ni and Feltia subterranea were not affected. The bran extract inhibited fungal colony growth of Alternaria arborescens , Botrytis cinerea , and Phytophthora cinnamomi by approximately 50% but had less growth inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, Pestalotiopsis clavispora , Penicillium digitatum , Geotrichum sp ., and the quinoa pathogen Phoma sp. The relatively higher inhibitory activity against some pathogen species did not necessarily correlate with their expected pathogenicity against quinoa. The results of this study suggest that, while the quinoa saponins present in bran and bran extracts may provide some protection against certain insects and phytopathogens, species-specific responses need further exploration.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43762423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Quinoa in pre-Hispanic central Chile: contributions from archaeology and cultural processes 前西班牙裔智利中部的藜麦：考古学和文化过程的贡献

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2153

M. T. Planella

引用次数: 4

Sustainability of Quinoa in Rainfed Agricultural Systems: A Case Study on the O’Higgins Region, Chile 藜麦在雨水灌溉农业系统中的可持续性：以智利奥希金斯地区为例

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2158

P. Olguin, A. D. Kartzow, C. Huenchuleo

{"title":"Sustainability of Quinoa in Rainfed Agricultural Systems: A Case Study on the O’Higgins Region, Chile","authors":"P. Olguin, A. D. Kartzow, C. Huenchuleo","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2158","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa is a grain that has seen a rapid consumption boom in recent years. Chile has also followed this trend through quinoa consumption associated with a healthy diet and environmental care. The correlation between quinoa crops and farming sustainability lays mainly in the actions and expertise of the agents involved in the decision-making process, who depend on the available experience and knowledge. Multicriteria decision analysis is a set of support techniques in the decision-making process. It consists of directing multiple opinions and assessment criteria, in specific actions, validated by an interest group. This study is based on the definition and weighting of the criteria that influence the sustainability of quinoa as a crop in contrast with the wheat as the most important crop in the rainfed area, taking into account the opinions of farmers and other parties involved. The findings are the weighting of the criteria of the following variables: contribution to family income, ease of sales, positive impact on the environment, production cost savings, knowledge of the crop, and government support. The model helped to create a quantitative basis for the sustainability potential of quinoa as a booming crop and as an alternative for the traditional wheat crop in farming.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nutrimental Content and Functional Properties of Quinoa Flour from Chile and Mexico 智利和墨西哥产藜麦粉的营养成分和功能特性

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-29 DOI: 10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2099

A. Vázquez-Luna, F. F. Carmona, E. Rivadeneyra, Carmen Hernández Tobón, R. Díaz-Sobac

{"title":"Nutrimental Content and Functional Properties of Quinoa Flour from Chile and Mexico","authors":"A. Vázquez-Luna, F. F. Carmona, E. Rivadeneyra, Carmen Hernández Tobón, R. Díaz-Sobac","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2099","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge related to the genetic improvement of quinoa has been increasing in recent years, demonstrating an effective advance in obtaining morphological characteristics meant to achieve uniformity in the quantity and quality of the production obtained in the field. For this research, quinoa flour harvested in Mexico and Chile, the latter of which was genetically modified, was obtained and characterized. Next, the determination of moisture, fats, fiber, carbohydrates, acidity, ash, proteins, polyphenols, and flavonoids was performed. Functional properties were also evaluated, and a microbiological count was made. No differences were observed in the odor and color of the flours, nor was there a change in moisture during 6 months of storage. The initial percentages of acidity, fats, proteins and ashes were higher in Chilean flour (2.25, 10.99, 10.69 and 3.54%, respectively), while flour from Mexico presented 1.75, 7.64, 8.4 and 3.17%, respectively. Regarding raw fiber and carbohydrates, the results obtained were lower for Chilean flour (2.78 and 59.78%, respectively), while Mexican flour showed 4.08 and 66.67%, respectively. The content of flavonoids and polyphenols in Chilean flour were higher than those of Mexico. The results obtained reveal that the nutritional content of Chilean quinoa flour was better than that of Mexico. The growth of molds and yeasts was observed in the 6th month for the Mexican flour; however, the values did not exceed the limits of the OMN (Official Mexican Norm) 247.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43455146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Efectos del salvado y extracto de salvado de quinua rico en saponina (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en dietas de plagas de quinua adaptadas y no adaptadas en bioensayos de laboratorio 富含皂苷的藜麦麸皮和藜麦麸皮提取物(野生藜麦)对适应和不适应藜麦害虫饮食的影响实验室生物测定

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.7764/RCIA.V45I2.2159

Nathaniel B. McCartney, M. Ahumada, Marcela Muñoz, I. Rosales, A. Fierro, R. Chorbadjian

引用次数: 0

Intensificación sostenible de la producción de quinua en ambientes periurbanos en el oeste del estado de Washington utilizando métodos de trasplante versus métodos de siembra directa 在华盛顿西部城市周边环境中使用移植方法和直接种植方法的藜麦生产的可持续集约化

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.7764/RCIA.V45I2.2169

Kristofor Ludvigson, John P. Reganold, Kevin Murphy

引用次数: 0

Identidad genética basada en marcadores de repetición de secuencia simple (SSR) para Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) 基于简单序列重复标记(SSR)的藜麦遗传鉴定(Chenopodium quinoa wild .)

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.7764/RCIA.V45I2.2144

M. Romero, A. Mújica, Edgardo Pineda, Yesenia Ccamapaza, Nohely Zavalla

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of the growth, yield and nutritional quality of pepper fruit with the application of Quitomax® 应用Quitomax®对辣椒果实生长、产量和营养品质的评价

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.7764/RCIA.V46I1.2002

Juan José Reyes- Pérez, Emmanuel Alexander Enríquez-Acosta, Miguel Angel Ramírez-Arrebato, Aida Tania Rodríguez-Pedroso, Liliana Lara-Capistrán, L. Hernández-Montiel

{"title":"Evaluation of the growth, yield and nutritional quality of pepper fruit with the application of Quitomax®","authors":"Juan José Reyes- Pérez, Emmanuel Alexander Enríquez-Acosta, Miguel Angel Ramírez-Arrebato, Aida Tania Rodríguez-Pedroso, Liliana Lara-Capistrán, L. Hernández-Montiel","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V46I1.2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V46I1.2002","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of vegetables as a source of vital nutrients is very important for human health. In the present work, the effects of the application of several concentrations of Quitomax® and a control treatment on the growth, yield and nutritional value of bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L. variety Lical) fruit were evaluated. The treatments consisted of the foliar application of Quitomax® at 200, 300 and 400 mg ha -1 20 days after transplantation. A randomized block design with four replicates per treatment was applied. The number of fruit harvested as well as their length and width, the fresh mass of the fruit, the thicknesses of the mesocarps, the mass of the peduncles with seeds, the yield, the nutritional quality including the soluble solid, vitamin C, carotenoid, and polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of the fruit were evaluated. Quitomax at a concentration of 300 mg ha -1 produced significantly more pepper fruit with the largest dimensions and highest fruit mass, yield and antioxidant activity than all other treatments. Therefore, Quitomax can be used as a promissory stimulant for bell pepper crops.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Decrease of flavonol synthase enzymatic activity in Ugni molinae Turcz due to the domestication process 驯化过程中毛茛黄酮醇合成酶活性降低

Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.7764/RCIA.V46I1.1955

Manuel Chacón-Fuentes, A. Mutis, Leonardo Bardehle, I. Seguel, A. Urzúa, A. Quiroz

{"title":"Decrease of flavonol synthase enzymatic activity in Ugni molinae Turcz due to the domestication process","authors":"Manuel Chacón-Fuentes, A. Mutis, Leonardo Bardehle, I. Seguel, A. Urzúa, A. Quiroz","doi":"10.7764/RCIA.V46I1.1955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/RCIA.V46I1.1955","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoid biosynthesis may be affected by plant domestication, with flavonoid production being reduced in proportion to the degree of domestication. In this context, kaempferol (3,4´,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) has been identified in the leaves of wild and cultivated Ugni molinae , a berry endemic to Chile. The biosynthetic pathway of kaempferol production begins with naringenin (4´,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone), which is converted to dihydrokaempferol (3,4´,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone), catalyzed by flavanone 3s-hydroxylase (FHT) and then converted to kaempferol by a bifunctional enzyme called flavonol synthase (FLS). Therefore, our study aims to evaluate how FLS activity is affected in murtilla plants that are subjected to the domestication process. Kaempferol was quantified from methanolic extracts of leaf samples collected from both cultivated and wild U. molinae plants using high-performance liquid chromatography, and enzyme extraction was performed to determine FLS activity. The results showed that kaempferol concentration in wild plants from the Soloyo (0.14 μg g -1 ), Mehuin (0.18 μg g -1 ) and Queule (0.25 μg g -1 ) sampling areas was higher than in their cultivated counterparts. Our data are consistent with the FLS activity detected in samples obtained from Manzanal Alto (134.79 pKatal, Soloyo (96.48 pKatal), and Mehuin (119.97 pKatal). These samples also exhibited higher enzymatic activity than their cultivated counterparts. Together, these data suggest that FLS activity is negatively affected by the domestication process.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45934900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1