Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria最新文献

{"title":"Effects of different poultry manure fertilization levels and cutting times on Moringa oleifera production","authors":"Mouchili Mouchili, F. Tendonkeng, E. Miégoué, David Fokom Wauffo, H. Watsop, E. Pamo Tedonkeng, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i3.2060","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of different poultry manure fertilization levels and cutting times on the growth of Moringa oleifera were evaluated. A factorial design comparing six levels of poultry manure (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) and three cutting times (4, 6 and 8 months) with four replicates was used. One month after sowing, fertilization was performed. At each cutting time, 20 plants were collected per treatment for height and diameter measurements. Stem, leaf and whole plant biomass values were assessed for each plot based on the rate of fertilization with poultry manure and the cutting time. The results showed that irrespective of the cutting time, the largest plant height and diameter were obtained with 200 kg N ha-1 (160.37 ± 6.33 cm and 2.37 ± 0.33 cm, respectively). The biomass of stems, leaves and whole plants increased with the level of N fertilization. The highest biomass was obtained with cutting at 6 months and a fertilization rate of 200 kg N ha-1 (1.51 ± 0.01, 0.90 ± 0.01 and 2.41 ± 0.05 t MS/ha, respectively, for leaves, stems and whole plants). In conclusion, the application of poultry manure at a rate of 200 kg N ha-1 at the vegetative growth stage is optimal for Moringa oleifera  production.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45083659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinoa leaf as a nutritional alternative","authors":"A. Vázquez-Luna, Vanessa Cortés Pimentel, F. F. Carmona, Rafael Rufino Díaz Sobac","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2098","url":null,"abstract":"Chenopodium quinoa is an herbaceous plant that possesses green polymorphic leaves. They are traditionally consumed in America and are considered nutritive vegetables. Most vegetables are considered valuable sources of micronutrients, such as mineral, vitamins, carbohydrates and dietetic fiber; however, because they are poor in proteins, they are considered to have no energetic value. The consumption of vegetables generates a satiety sensation and favors the reduction of total calories consumed. Quinoa leaves can be consumed raw when they are ripe or steam cooked; they retain most of their vitamins and minerals. The FAO considers quinoa to be the “perfect food”, and it is not only used in common diets, but it is also suitable for the unique diets of those that are vegetarian or high-performance athletes as well as those with celiac disease and diabetes. The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional value of quinoa leaves. For every test, dried and powdered quinoa leaves were used, and the following parameters were determined: total polyphenols, total flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, water content, ash content, and raw fiber, and the flavonoids were determined by HPLC. The results obtained for the polyphenols were 131.8 ± 10.3 mg 100 g-1 and 62.07 ± 5.1 mg 100 g-1 for flavonoids, and the main compounds were gallic acid, kaempferol and catechin. The content of proteins was 11.8 ± 0.6%, the carbohydrates was 18.3 ± 0.9, the reducing sugars were 3.2 ± 0.27%, the water content was 2.8 ± 0.9%, the ash content was 1.4 ± 0.14%, and the raw fiber content was 43.7 ± 3.9%. Based on the nutritional profile and the content of polyphenols and total flavonoids, quinoa leaves can be considered an alternative for human consumption because they offer interesting potential in nutrients and antioxidant capacity, which is a dietary requirement.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49408422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) progeny from close and distant self-fertilized s5 simple crosses","authors":"E. Chura, Á. Mujica, B. Haussmann, K. Smith, S. Flores, Adalberto Flores","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2142","url":null,"abstract":"The present research was carried out at the research and production center (CIP) of Camacani. The objective was to agronomically characterize the self-fertilized S5 progeny originating from simple crosses that were genetically distant and close. We worked with six genetically distant simple crosses, Huariponcho × Kancolla, Salcedo INIA × Huariponcho and Pasankalla × Kancolla, and three genetically close crosses, Salcedo INIA × Pink Pandela, Negra Collana × Kancolla and Salcedo INIA × Negra Collana. Seeds were obtained from a plant breeding program by hybridization, and molecular markers were used to estimate genetic distances for the generation of new cultivars. The results show that the highest plant height occurred for the cross Pasankalla × Kancolla, with 93.39 cm, followed by Salcedo INIA × Pandela Rosada, with 88.88 cm, and the lowest height was presented by the cross Negra Collana × Kancolla, with 69.50 cm. The largest diameter of the stem occurred for the Pasankalla × Kancolla cross, with 14.49 mm, followed by the cross Salcedo INIA × Pandela Rosada, with 13.49 mm; the cross Negra Collana × Kancolla presented the smallest stem diameter, with 9.70 mm. The longest panicle length was recorded for the cross Pasankalla × Kancolla, with 28.45 cm, followed by Salcedo INIA × Pandela Rosada, with 27.49 cm, and the shortest panicle length occurred for the cross Salcedo INIA × Negra Collana, with 24 cm. The largest panicle diameter was presented by the cross Pasankalla × Kancolla, with 8.73 cm, followed by Salcedo INIA × Pandela Rosada, with 7.73 cm, and the smallest panicle diameter was presented by the cross Negra Collana × Kancolla, with 5.75 cm. The best 1,000 grain weight was presented by the cross Salcedo INIA × Negra Collana, with 3.80 g and a grain diameter of 2.20 mm, followed by the cross Salcedo INIA × Huariponcho, with 2.48 g and a grain diameter of 1.78 mm and the lowest 1,000-grain weight was presented by the cross Negra Collana × Kancolla, with 2.09 g and a 1.64 mm grain diameter. The best yield was obtained by the cross Huariponcho × Kancolla, with 5,099.28 kg ha-1, followed by the cross Salcedo INIA × Huariponcho, with 5,064.71 kg ha-1; the lowest yield was presented by Collana Negra × Kancolla, with 2,836.55 kg ha-1.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48346409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic identity based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)","authors":"M. Romero, Angel Mauricio Mujica Sanchez, E. Pineda, Yesenia Ccamapaza, Nohely Zavalla","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2144","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular markers based on simple sequence repeats (SSRs) constitute a highly effective instrument in the identification of quinoa genotypes ( Chenopodium quinoa ), and they are very useful in the management and conservation of germplasm banks. The present study was carried out in the Molecular Biology Laboratories of the Megalaboratory of the National University of the Altiplano and the National Agrarian University la Molina. With the objective of determining a minimum group of highly informative initiators for the cultivation of quinoa to study and identify the obtained alleles and implementing and incorporating this technology into research of genetic identity, the molecular analysis of nine loci located by microsatellite markers (SSRs) was performed on a sample of 26 varieties of quinoa: Ayrampo, Amarilla de Marangani, Choclito, Chullpi, Huariponcho, Pandela, Sajama, Witulla, Kcancolla, Negra Collana, Salcedo, Pasankalla, Blanca de Juli, and Chenopodium petiolare from the CIP-Camacani and Blanca de Juli, Kcancolla, Negra Collana, Pasankalla, Altiplano, Illpa INIA, Salcedo, Ayara Blanca de Juli, Ayara Blanca de Arequipa, Ayara Cancolla, Ayara Pasankalla, and Ayara Salcedo from the INIA. Genomic DNA was extracted by PCR (GeneJET Plant Genomic DNA Purification), and 20 microsatellite regions were amplified. The amplified fragments were loaded on polyacrylamide gels to determine their size in base pairs, of which only nine showed products with reading quality (QCA012, QCA015, QCA021, QCA029, QCA034, QCA040, QCA053, QCA055 and QCA067). The fragments were evaluated for their allelic richness, heterozygosity (H) and polymorphic information content (PIC). The data were processed with Gen Alex software ver. 3.5 A total of 67 alleles were detected among the different regions analyzed, with an average of 7 alleles for loci ranging from 142 to 240 bp and an effective number of alleles (ENA) of 5.36. The mean heterozygosity was 0.80, and the mean Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.81. The markers were highly polymorphic; therefore, the most informative SSR primers in the present study would be made up of three markers with PIC, QCA053 (0.87), QCA015 (0.86) and QCA034 (0.86), for determining the genetic identity of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. These markers can be easily interpreted and are useful for the molecular characterization of quinoa varieties. Analysis of the hierarchical clusters using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method) clustering identified 5 groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.77 among the quinoa varieties studied in this research.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinoa Industry Development in China","authors":"Yang Xiushi, Qin Peiyou, Gu Huimin, Ren Gui-xing","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2157","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa, a food crop native to South America, is now gaining much attention in China. Quinoa was introduced to China in the 1960s; however, it was only distributed in scattered districts until 2008. The foundation of the Quinoa Committee of the Crop Science Society of China (QCCSSC) in 2015 has promoted the combination of policy-makers, researchers, manufacturers, and farmers related to quinoa. In 2018, the harvest area of quinoa in China increased to nearly 12,000 ha, with a total production of 20,000 tons distributed in 24 provinces. Through the collaboration of enterprise and research institutes, quinoa cultivation techniques were integrated into different eco-regions, and a series of stabilized breeding materials was gained. Additionally, 14 varieties were certified by provincial or municipal cultivar registration committees. Quinoa products, such as noodles, liquor, and yogurt, were developed based on nutritional and technological research. Thanks to the promulgation of the first Chinese industrial standard for quinoa, quinoa products are now available both in online shops and offline supermarkets. Above all, China is undergoing an adjustment of sustainable agricultural policy and increasing demands for more nutritional and diversified foods, demonstrating a great prospect for quinoa.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Qañawa (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) in the context of climate change in the high Andes","authors":"A. Bonifacio","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2146","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa and qanawa are the only native crops that produce food grain in the high Andes. The improvement of quinoa has been addressed by government institutions, universities and NGOs, obtaining improved varieties. However, qanawa has received little or no attention in the development of varieties, and only native varieties and revalued varieties exist. The native and improved varieties of quinoa have contributed to food production for rural families and for export, generating significant economic income. In recent decades, the production of these grains has been negatively affected by the effects of climate change. In the high Andes, climatic variability, together with climate change, disturbs the regime of climatic factors, with evident changes represented by drought, frost, hail and wind. The objective of this paper is to describe the context of climate change, review the progress in the improvement of quinoa and qanawa and propose adjustments to improve production methods in the high Andes. The genetic methods and materials used in the improvement of quinoa have allowed varieties with prioritized characters to be obtained in the last decades, and these varieties have met and continue to fulfill their roles in food production and income generation for producers. However, in the face of the effects of climate change, some varieties are becoming unfit for production, especially those with long growth cycles. Therefore, it has been proposed that new breeding objectives, new genetic materials for improvement and new sources of characters are needed, and production improvement methods in the context of climate change are suggested.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46573876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New seed collections of North American pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri) and efforts to identify its diploid ancestors through whole-genome sequencing","authors":"E. N. Jellen, D. Jarvis, Spencer P Hunt, Hayley H. Mangelsen, P. J. Maughan","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2150","url":null,"abstract":"Pitseed goosefoot ( Chenopodium berlandieri ) is an ecologically diverse wild/weedy North American species within the primary gene pool for improving South American quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ). Both taxa are 36-chromosome allotetraploids with subgenomes AA and BB. The A genome is found in a large number of diploids in the Americas, along with one Northeast Asian taxon, and was recently shown to be the maternal ancestor, while the paternal B genome is closely related to several extant Eurasian diploids. Two of our primary objectives were 1) to determine the extent of genetic diversity in the allotetraploid C. berlandieri-quinoahircinum  complex and 2) to characterize the evolutionary path from polyploidization to domestication in these taxa. In an effort to survey genetic diversity, in 2018, we made seed collections of southern Texas, southern Great Plains, and New England coastal ecotypes of C. berlandieri as well as sympatric diploids. With respect to the second goal, we performed wholegenome sequencing of two Sonoran Desert Chenopodium A-genome diploids in subsection  Cellulata and Andean cultivated C. pallidicaule in subsection Leiosperma . When paired reads were aligned to the whole-genome reference of C. quinoa strain ‘QQ74’, the match percentages were 99.31, 99.23, and 98.53 for C. watsonii , C. sonorense , and C. pallidicaule , respectively. These data strongly support C. watsonii as being the most closely related of these three species to the A-genome ancestor of quinoa. Ongoing sequencing efforts with a larger panel of diploids are aimed at identifying the maternal ancestor of C. quinoa and C. berlandieri , if extant.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48998156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability in vegetable Chenopodium for morphological and quality traits over different cuttings","authors":"A. Bhargava, F. Fuentes, S. Shukla, S. Srivastava, Saijasi Dubey, D. Ohri","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2145","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was performed to assess the genetic parameters for different quantitative and qualitative traits of 13 germplasm lines of  Chenopodium spp. The lines were sown in a randomized block design with a plot size of 2 m2, and data were recorded for foliage yield and 8 component traits over 4 successive cuttings. The foliage yield/plot was variable, ranging from 1.07-2.66 t/ha-1 with an average yield of 2.00±0.15. The protein and carotenoid contents averaged 3.70±0.09% and 13.47±0.56 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The range and mean of individual cuttings for plant height, leaf size, protein and foliage yield increased with successive cuttings until the IIIrd cutting, and the yield declined thereafter. High heritability estimates for all the traits under study were obtained for individual cuttings as well as on a pooled basis. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was observed for foliage yield, carotenoid content and protein content, indicating the presence of additive gene effects.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43995368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) crop under Mediterranean conditions: a review","authors":"D. Bilalis, I. Roussis, I. Kakabouki, Antigolena Folina","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2151","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa is a pseudocereal crop that is well adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and has significant potential for increased production as a new crop in the Mediterranean region and in other parts of the world, including northern Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa. Because of its exceptional nutritional properties, quinoa is highly appreciated among humans as well as in animal nutrition for feeding both ruminants and nonruminating animals. Data obtained from several studies conducted in Greece, Italy, and Turkey demonstrate the high nutritional and functional potential of quinoa. Nitrogen fertilization has a positive effect on the growth and grain yield of quinoa crops. The biomass has high crude protein and low fiber and is competitive with alfalfa. The assessment of quinoa saponin content is of great importance for the industry. The highest saponin content and yield have been found under organic cropping systems. Oat, bean, and duckweed plants have a great phytotoxic response, especially to the inflorescence tissues of quinoa, confirming the potential allelopathic activity of this promising crop. The major part of the root system is concentrated in the upper 0–30 cm of the soil, and the root length density and root mass density increase with increasing applied nitrogen. In conclusion, quinoa may be suggested as a new alternative crop for semiarid and arid Mediterranean conditions affected by multiple abiotic stress factors because of its stress-tolerant characteristics, adaptability to several agro-ecological conditions, and nutritional and economic value.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42862424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic performance and strategies of promoting Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in Malawi","authors":"M. Maliro, Allena Laura Njala","doi":"10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v46i2.2143","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd) has the potential to contribute to Malawi’s food and nutritional security by adaptation to droughts that have become frequent due to climate change. Eleven genotypes of quinoa were introduced in 2012 and evaluated for plant growth and yield performance in different environments of central and southern regions of Malawi to determine the potential for quinoa production in the country. The first trials were conducted at Bunda in Lilongwe and Bembeke in Dedza in 2012 under irrigated conditions. Trials under rainfed conditions were conducted at the Bunda site in the 2012/13 and 2014/15 cropping seasons. Evaluation of thirteen promising genotypes under irrigated conditions (2014 to 2015) was extended to six extension planning areas, including Chiluwa in Salima and Nkhunga (Nkhotakota) as warm environments, Mwansambo (Nkhotakota) as a mildly warm environment, Malomo (Ntchisi) as a mildly cool environment, and Kalira 2 (Ntchisi) and Nalunga (Dowa) as cool environments. The genotypes were laid out in completely randomized block designs with four replicates. The maturity period of the genotypes was early in the warm sites (88 days in Nkhunga and 94 days in Chiluwa) and delayed in the cooler sites (121 days in Nalunga and 120 days in Kalira). On the basis of genotype and site-specific results, the highest grain yields were achieved for Brightest Brilliant Rainbow (BBR) (3,992 kg ha-1), QQ74 (3,652 kg ha-1), Black Seeded (3,426 kg ha-1), Multi-Hued (3,272 kg ha-1) and Puno (3,251 kg ha-1) in Nalunga and in QQ74 (4,311 kg ha-1), BBR (3,331 kg ha-1), Multi-Hued (3,184 kg ha-1) and Cherry Vanilla (3,056 kg ha-1) in Malomo. The lowest yields obtained were from Cherry Vanilla, Red Head (1,276 kg ha-1) and BBR (1,255 kg ha-1) in Chiluwa. Quinoa production is possible in Malawi. The genotypes QQ74, BBR, Multi-Hued, Cherry Vanilla, Bio-Bio, Titicaca and Black Seeded have been released for commercial production. Engagement of both government and nongovernmental organizations with a focus on seed systems, processing and utilization can help to integrate quinoa into the food systems of Malawi.","PeriodicalId":50695,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}