Processes最新文献

{"title":"Research and Application of Gangue for the Preparation of Polymerized Aluminum Magnesium Chloride Flocculant","authors":"Chaofen Yang, Xiaofeng Ma, Gang Ma, Lunqiu Zhang, Guang Lu, Yifan Zhang, Dantong Geng, Xiaolong You, Huan Liu, Yueyao Tian","doi":"10.3390/pr12071524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071524","url":null,"abstract":"Polymerized aluminum magnesium chloride (PAMC) flocculant was prepared from gangue as a raw material, and the effects of pH, the polymerization time, and the polymerization temperature on the performance of the PAMC were investigated by a one-factor test, based on which, orthogonal experiments (three-factor and two-level) were conducted to optimize the relevant parameters. Meanwhile, FTIR and SEM were used to characterize the polymerized aluminum magnesium chloride, and the sample was applied in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The results showed that a pH value of 2.2 and a reaction at 60 °C for 4.5 h were the optimal preparation conditions; the characterization analysis showed that the synthesized product was polymerized aluminum magnesium chloride; the turbidity removal rate of the PAMC for printing and dyeing wastewater was increased by 2.1%, the COD removal rate was increased by 3.1%, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was increased by 2.1%, and the chromaticity removal rate was increased by 9.2% compared with that of PAC.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":" 618","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Short-Term Winter Photovoltaic Power Generation Output of Henan Province Using Genetic Algorithm–Backpropagation Neural Network","authors":"Dawei Xia, Ling Li, Buting Zhang, Min Li, Can Wang, Zhijie Gong, Abdulmajid Abdullahi Shagali, Long Jiang, Song Hu","doi":"10.3390/pr12071516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071516","url":null,"abstract":"In the low-carbon era, photovoltaic power generation has emerged as a pivotal focal point. The inherent volatility of photovoltaic power generation poses a substantial challenge to the stability of the power grid, making accurate prediction imperative. Based on the integration of a backpropagation (BP) neural network and a genetic algorithm (GA), a prediction model was developed that contained two sub-models: no-rain and no-snow scenarios, and rain and snow scenarios. Through correlation analysis, the primary meteorological factors were identified which were subsequently utilized as inputs alongside historical power generation data. In the sub-model dedicated to rain and snow scenarios, variables such as rainfall and snowfall amounts were incorporated as additional input parameters. The hourly photovoltaic power generation output was served as the model’s output. The results indicated that the proposed model effectively ensured accurate forecasts. During no-rain and no-snow weather conditions, the prediction error metrics showcased superior performance: the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) consistently remained below 13%, meeting the stringent requirement of the power grid’s tolerance level below 20%. Moreover, the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) ranged between 6% and 9%, while the coefficient of determination (R2) exceeded 0.9. These underscored the remarkable prediction accuracy achieved by the model. Under rainy and snowy weather conditions, although MAPE slightly increased to the range of 14% to 20% compared to that of scenarios without rain and snow, it still adhered to the stringent requirement. NRMSE varied between 4.5% and 8%, and R2 remained consistently above 0.9, indicative of satisfactory model performance even in adverse weather conditions. The successful application of the proposed model in predicting hourly photovoltaic power generation output during winter in Henan Province bears significant practical implications for the advancement and integration of renewable energy technologies.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"115 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Operation Optimization of Fluid Sampling in Wireline Formation Testing with Finite Volume Method","authors":"Lejun Wu, Junhua Wang, Haibo Liu, Rui Huang, Huizhuo Xie, Xiaodong Li, Xuan Li, Jinhuan Liu, Changjie Zhao","doi":"10.3390/pr12071515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071515","url":null,"abstract":"Wireline formation testing is an important technique in the exploration and development of oil fields. Not only can real fluid samples be prepared from the formation directly obtained to know exactly whether the oil existed in the formation or not, but it can also show flowing pressure change to determine the production capacity of the formation. So, it is an important measurement method for formation evaluation during the drilling process and supports activities related to the exploration and development of oil fields. A numerical simulation model in this article is researched and established based on the finite volume method considering the influence of sensitive parameters such as reservoir heterogeneity, probe suction area, and mud-filtrate invasion depth during the drilling. The model is capable of designing and evaluating formation fluid sampling operations by calculating hydrocarbon content and flowing pressure. Furthermore, through case application, the performance and effect of the process of wireline formation testing were investigated. The results indicate that this technology can serve as an effective auxiliary tool for fluid sampling operations with the function of optimizing fluid sampling measures. It can improve the accuracy of predicting indicators such as hydrocarbon content and breakthrough time during the sampling process. This study provides important supporting evidence and technical guidance for professionals in geological exploration and oil field development.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"105 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Twice-Open Control Method for a Hydraulic Variable Valve System in a Diesel Engine","authors":"Degaoxuan Guo, Juan Tang, Zongfa Xie, Xiaoxia Li, Xinzheng Cao","doi":"10.3390/pr12071526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071526","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the cold-starting problem and improve the intake and exhaust pipe temperatures of diesel engines under cold-starting and low- and medium-speed conditions, this paper proposes a twice-open control method for a hydraulic variable valve system. First, a hydraulic variable valve system that can realize a fully variable valve lift and phase angle is applied to replace the original intake system in order to meet the air intake requirements of different conditions. Then, a twice-open control method in which the intake valve opens two times at the exhaust stroke and intake stroke is proposed to improve the intake pipe temperature and solve the cold-starting problem. This paper contains a numerical work analysis. A GT-POWER model is constructed to validate the intake valve twice-open control method. The cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, intake pipe pressure, and intake pipe temperature are obtained and compared between the original intake valve system and the hydraulic variable valve system with the proposed intake valve twice-open control method. The results show that the twice-open control method can increase the intake pipe temperature to 260 K or even higher, which can improve the cold-starting performance and the exhaust temperature at low and medium speeds. At the same time, the performance under low- and medium-speed conditions is improved.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"111 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fault Direction Criterion Based on Post-Fault Positive-Sequence Information for Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generators Multi-Point Grid-Connected System","authors":"Fan Yang, Hechong Chen, Gang Han, Huiran Xu, Yang Lei, Wei Hu, Shuxian Fan","doi":"10.3390/pr12071522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071522","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the poor reliability in identifying fault direction in distribution networks with Inverter Interfaced Distributed Generators (IIDGs), considering the control strategy of low-voltage ride-through, a fault direction criterion based on post-fault positive-sequence steady-state components is proposed. Firstly, the output steady-state characteristics of IIDGs considering the low-voltage ride-through capability are analyzed during grid failure, and the applicability of existing directional elements in a distribution network with IIDGs connected dispersively is demonstrated. Subsequently, for the typical structure of an active distribution grid operating under flexible modes, the positive-sequence voltage and current are examined in various fault scenarios, and a reliable direction criterion is suggested based on the difference in post-fault positive-sequence impedance angles on different sides of the lines that are suitable whether on the grid side or the IIDG side. Lastly, the reliability of the proposed direction criterion is verified by simulation and the results indicate that the fault direction can be correctly determined, whereas phase-to-phase and three-phase short circuit faults occur in different scenarios, independent of the penetration and grid-connected positions of IIDGs, fault location, and transition resistance. It is suitable for fault direction discrimination of an IIDGs multi-point grid-connected system under a flexible operation mode.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":" August","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Analysis of Various Parameters Based on Response Surface Methodology for Enhancing NOx Catalytic Reduction Performance of Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction on Cu-ZSM-13 Catalyst","authors":"Weiqi Li, Jie Wu, Dongwei Yao, Feng Wu, Lei Wang, Hua Lou, Haibin He, Jingyi Hu","doi":"10.3390/pr12071519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071519","url":null,"abstract":"While selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has long been indispensable for nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal, optimizing its performance remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the combined effects of structural and intake parameters on SCR performance, an aspect often overlooked in previous research. This paper innovatively developed a three-dimensional SCR channel model and employed response surface methodology to conduct an in-depth analysis of multiple key factors. This multidimensional, multi-method approach enables a more comprehensive understanding of SCR system mechanics. Through target optimization, we achieved a simultaneous improvement in three critical indicators: the NOx conversion rate, pressure drop, and ammonia slip. It is worth noting that the NOx conversion rate has been optimized from 17.07% to 98.25%, the pressure drop has been increased from 3454.62 Pa to 2558.74 Pa, and the NH3 slip has been transformed from 122.26 ppm to 17.49 ppm. These results not only advance the theoretical understanding of SCR technology but also provide valuable design insights for practical applications. Our findings pave the way for the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly SCR systems, potentially revolutionizing NOx control in various industries.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":" 1056","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Ultrasonic Extraction of Essential Oil from the Biomass of Lippia graveolens Kunth Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Effect on Colletotrichum asianum","authors":"Juan Pablo Manjarrez-Quintero, Octavio Valdez-Baro, R. S. García-Estrada, L. Contreras-Angulo, P. Bastidas-Bastidas, J. B. Heredia, L. A. Cabanillas-Bojórquez, E. P. Gutiérrez-Grijalva","doi":"10.3390/pr12071525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071525","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils are emerging as alternatives to conventional pest control chemicals. Lippia graveolens Kunth (Mexican oregano) is a source of essential oils and during conventional extraction, the biomass generated is discarded as waste; however, reports show that this biomass is still a rich source of essential oils. Conventional essential oil extraction causes contamination and utilizes toxic solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer low toxicity, biodegradability, high selectivity, and yields comparable to organic solvents. This study obtained essential oil from Lippia graveolens biomass via hydrodistillation with ultrasound-assisted DES pretreatment. This research aimed to optimize the extraction of essential oil from Lippia graveolens biomass using ultrasound-assisted DESs and assess its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect on C. asianum. The response variables were extraction yield and total reducing capacity. Optimal conditions were determined using a central composite rotatable design, considering solid-to-liquid ratio (0.38 g/mL), ultrasonic amplitude (45.05%), and time (7.47 min). The optimized oil, with thymol (48%) as the predominant component, exhibited more volatile compounds than conventional hydrodistillation. Fungicidal assays highlighted its potential in controlling anthracnose in papaya fruits caused by C. asianum, making ultrasound-assisted DES pretreatment a promising alternative for obtaining essential oil from botanical byproducts.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"108 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Hydrogen-Driven Power-to-X Technology and Application Status in China","authors":"Yunchu Zhai, Yong He, J. Shao, Weiling Zhang, Xiaofan Tong, Zhihua Wang, Wubing Weng","doi":"10.3390/pr12071518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071518","url":null,"abstract":"Given China’s ambition to realize carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060, hydrogen is gradually becoming the pivotal energy source for the needs of energy structure optimization and energy system transformation. Thus, hydrogen combined with renewable energy has received more and more attention. Nowadays, power-to-hydrogen, power-to-methanol, and power-to-ammonia are regarded as the most promising three hydrogen-driven power-to-X technologies due to the many commercial or demonstration projects in China. In this paper, these three hydrogen-driven power-to-X technologies and their application status in China are introduced and discussed. First, a general introduction of hydrogen energy policies in China is summarized, and then the basic principles, technical characteristics, trends, and challenges of the three hydrogen-driven power-to-X technologies are reviewed. Finally, several typical commercial or demonstration projects are selected and discussed in detail to illustrate the development of the power-to-X technologies in China.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":" 455","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Tensile Strength of Coconut Shell Ash Reinforced Al-Si Alloys: A Novel Approach to Optimise Composition and Process Parameters Simultaneously","authors":"M. Poornesh, S. Bhat, Pavana Kumara Bellairu, Olivia McDermott","doi":"10.3390/pr12071521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071521","url":null,"abstract":"The research presents a novel approach to develop high-strength functionally graded composite materials (FGCMs) by using recycled coconut shell ash (CSA) particles as reinforcement for a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy matrix. Using a centrifugal casting technique, test specimens are prepared for the study under ASTM standards. The optimal combination of materials to maximise the materials’ overall tensile strength is obtained through the mixture methodology approach. The results show that CSA particles in the matrix material increase the tensile strength of the produced material. Process parameters, melting temperature and rotating speed were found to play a pivotal role in determining the tensile strength. A better tensile strength of the material is obtained when Al-Si = 90.5 wt%, CSA = 9.5 wt%, rotating speed = 800 RPM, and melting temperature = 800 °C; the proposed regression model developed has substantial predictability for tensile strength. This work presents a methodology for enhancing the tensile strength of FGCMs by optimising both the material composition and processing parameters. The achieved tensile strength of 197.4 MPa, at 800 RPM and 800 °C, for a concentration of 7.5 wt% CSA particles, makes these FGCMs suitable for use in multiple engineering sectors.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"122 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Self-Adaption Growth Model for the Burden Packing Process in a Bell-Less Blast Furnace","authors":"Dong-ling Wu, Fengjie Yao, Duoyong Zhang, Enxue Zu, Ping Zhou, Wei Chen","doi":"10.3390/pr12071523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071523","url":null,"abstract":"The burden structure directly decides the distribution of gas flow inside a blast furnace (BF). Falling, stacking, and descending bulk materials are the three main processes for burden formation, among which the stacking process plays a decisive role. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) and theoretical modelling were combined to predict stacking behavior in this study. Falling and stacking behaviors were first simulated based on DEM. The repose angle during the stacking process and mass fraction distribution in the radial direction were analyzed. Then, the upper, centroid, and lower trajectory falling lines were determined, and a polynomial relation was found between the angle and the packing height. The influences of three parameters on the repose angle were investigated. Compared with the natural repose angle and chute inclination angle, the effects of the trajectory line depth appeared trivial. The polynomial relation between the repose angle and the packing height was specified to be a function of the natural angle of repose and the chute inclination angle. A three-trajectory falling model and quadratic expression were embedded in the theoretical model, yielding a self-adaption packing model. The model was proved reliable with a low relative error, below 15%.","PeriodicalId":506892,"journal":{"name":"Processes","volume":"122 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}